... Theroleof B cellsin Atherosclerosis: Pathogenic or protective? Recent studies have revisited theroleof B cells to clarify its rolein atherosclerosis As described earlier, the transfer of ... atherosclerosis Of interest, B cells and their involvement in atherosclerosis will be discussed 1.4.1 Localization of B cellsin Atherosclerosis In apoE-/- mice, it was demonstrated that the localization of ... possible therapeutic intervention in CAD patients (Kyaw et al., 2012) Therefore, in line with these findings, it is thus not surprising that the administration of anti-BAFFR antibody into apoE-/mice...
... accumulation of plasma cellsinthe bone marrow of apoE-/- mice Because we maintained the mice on BrdU in drinking water for one month, the result is also indicative that these plasma cells accumulated in ... 2006), we included the non-proliferative state of plasma cells as an additional parameter when examining plasma cellsinthe bone marrow To begin our investigation into ASCs inthe bone marrow of apoE-/- ... maintained apoE-/- mice with thymidine analog, BrdU in drinking water for one month The administration of BrdU on apoE-/- mice facilitates the detection of non- 124 proliferating plasma cells...
... fall into the state of anergy However, it remains to be determined if APOE protein is crucial in maintaining the anergy state of B cells 4.7 Roleof B cell subpopulations However, it remains unclear ... autoantibodies in apoE-/- mice These studies will present a clearer picture in our experimental settings ofthe onset of initiating humoral responses against oxLDL in vivo inthe context of atherosclerosis ... not show increased frequency of oxLDL-specific IgM+ ASCs inthe bone marrow while it did increased inthe spleen argues against the hypothesis 176 that these cells were generated inthe bone...
... domain ERM contains two DNA binding inhibitory domains flanking the Ets domain: the central 87 amino acid inhibitory domain is poorly conserved and virtually specific to ERM, and the C-terminal ... marks the position of supershifted complexes (B) The binding ofin vitro translated ERM is eliminated by mutations in Ets motifs The binding ofin vitro translated ERM over the PS1 promoter was ... complexes with in vitro translated ERM which could be supershifted by the antibody, indicating the presence of ERM binding site(s) in each ofthe three probes We also examined the pattern of complexes...
... for the epithelium and potentially could influence the regenerative response ofthe epithelium to chlorine [12] To evaluate theroleof γδ T cellsin chlorine induced airway injury we studied the ... since the inflammatory response to epithelial damage was also attenuated inthe γδ T cell deficient mice Our findings are consistent with a roleof γδ T cellsin determining the magnitude ofthe ... subjects The factors influencing the rate of epithelial regeneration are likely of key importance in determining the short and long term consequences of chlorine induced airway dysfunction The γδ T cells...
... relies on the securities booking system ofthe CGSDTC and the bond trading system ofthe inter-bank lending centre The trading system ofthe national inter-bank lending centre provides pricing information, ... source of financing for enterprises, if their own capital is excluded In summary, the deepening process ofthe financial markets has rendered the dominance ofthe banking sector inthe financial ... in turn contributed to the financial stability not only in Asia but also inthe whole world Roleofthe international financial institutions ( IFIs ) The IFIs have played an active rolein financial...
... sepsis, triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines and liver injury [13] Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate theroleof KCs inthe regulation of CYP isoform activities ... depletion of KCs in vivo, 7.5 mgÆkg)1 of GdCl3 was injected via the tail vein at 48 and 24 h before the performance of CLP or sham operation, based on the findings of other investigators who showed the ... USA) Binding of all ofthe antibodies was detected using an ECL detection system (iNtRON Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions The intensity ofthe immunoreactive...
... adults (39 ) The renewed interest in examining the indications for BCG vaccination inthe United States included consideration ofthe wide range of vaccine efficacies determined by clinical trials ... explore the sources ofthe heterogeneity inthe efficacy ofthe BCG vaccine reported inthe individual studies Using a model that included the geographic latitude ofthe study site and the data ... efficacy of BCG vaccine in HCWs or b) the effects on efficacy ofthe vaccine strain administered Vol 45 / No RR-4 MMWR and the vaccinee’s age at the time of vaccination The protective efficacy of BCG...
... understanding issues facing community banks I THE CURRENT ROLEOF COMMUNITY BANKS The banking system inthe United States has always been unique inthe sense of containing large numbers of small ... were not there, other financial services providers might readily step in to take their place This article examines theroleof community banks inthe U.S economy The first section ofthe article ... While community banks still comprise the vast majority of banks, the question arises whether their roleinthe banking system has declined to the point of insignificance This section shows that...
... initiated at 48 h post-transfection by maintaining thecellsin culture medium containing 2% horse serum Cells were fixed on day of differentiation and stained with hematoxylin and eosin One of ... or without hematoxylin staining In hypoxia experiments, 3T3-L1 cells were maintained in a hypoxia chamber (Invivo 400; Ruskinn Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) constantly maintained at 1% O2 Culture ... IDM (10 lgÆmL)1 insulin, lm dexamethasone, and 0.5 mm IDM) Cells were then maintained in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum and lgÆmL)1insulin The medium was replaced every other day Mature...
... geometry ofthe hinge loop after ligation Also in this case no clashes were detected at Electrostatic interactions and antitumor RNases the dimer interface ofthe models or inthe surroundings ofthe ... Nter are the C-terminal and N-terminal structural regions, respectively, ofthe two A and B monomers ofthe dimeric RNase The black circle between the monomers indicates the mass center ofthe dimer ... electrostatic field of different Fig Plot ofthe EIE values as function of rotation (r) and inclination (i) angles of RNases The hatched axis at the bottom and right ofthe plots show schemes of some conformations...
... N-linked oligosaccharide side-chains are important for the GABA transport activity 1-Deoxymannojirimycin inhibits the GABA-uptake of GAT1 In order to gain further insight into theroleofthe ... misfolding of this protein, resulting in its partial retention inthe ER and its rapid digestion thereafter [16,19] Accordingly, our results indicate that the intracellular trafficking of N-glycosylation ... Aliquots were used for measurement ofthe remaining [3H]GABA and [14C]sucrose The protein concentration inthe supernatant was determined using the bicinchoninic acid protein assay reagent (Pierce, USA)...
... However, the mechanistic roles of several of these residues are not described well and there is no example of mutational analysis of all of these residues inthe same enzyme To obtain an insight into ... 1), thereby confirming the crucial roleof Asp142 Catalysis in family 18 chitinases (Eur J Biochem 271) 259 In most ChiB structures, Asp142 is clearly defined, being either inthe ÔdownÕ or inthe ... positioned inthe ÔupÕ position rows and shows that inthe presence ofthe substrate, rotation of Asp142 towards Glu144 lowers the pKa ofthe latter by 0.8 pH units The calculated effects ofthe D140N...
... whereas the slope ofthe slow semi-inactivation process was rather similar to the slope ofthe curve found when the medium did not contain AdoMet, with an estimated halflife of 10.5 Theroleofthe ... are located inthe central domain of each subunit, inthe interface between the two dimers comprising the tetrameric structure [29] This domain contains five cysteine residues, two of them (Cys35 ... forming a disulfide bond which may be necessary for the tetrameric state ofthe enzyme In addition, Cys69 is involved inthe correct folding ofthe monomer, supporting the establishment of the...
... trees The largest plant height was obtained using linings of stone and marble During the first year ofthe study, when the lining served only as mulch due to lack of rainfall, an increase of 33.3 ... crop yields in rainfed areas, even inthe more marginal rainfed environments The continued application of conventional breeding and the recent developments in non-conventional breeding offer considerable ... Considerations of risk may be very important inthe initial decision of whether to adopt rainwater harvesting at an individual farm level Especially due to the low economic status of many ofthe farmers in...
... rates only increase by 50 basis points, and the increase in inflation is 50 basis points less than inthe baseline case A banking sector that remains well-capitalized can thus reduce the length ... capital increases the Additional evidence suggests that decreases inthe capitalization of Japanese banks inthe late 1980s had adverse effects on their lending and on economic activity in areas inthe ... lending Figure illustrates the sequence of events that unfold in each period 2.2 Final good production Final Good Assembly Competitive firms produce the final good by combining a continuum of intermediate...
... number of amino acid residues contribute to the binding ofthe substrate by hydrogen bonding and ⁄ or hydrophobic interactions Using the ligplot program [31], we investigated the specific interactions ... important rolein ‘cycling’ the pKa of catalytic Glu during catalysis [24,38] The mutation ofthe D1 residue to Asn (D140N) in SmChiB caused a 500-fold decrease in activity [39] On the other hand, in ... almost identical, but the D524A mutation resulted in a remarkable change inthe conformation ofthe Glu526 side-chain The 2Fobs ) Fcalc electron density ofthe Glu526 side-chain inthe D524A–substrate...
... mutual interest in finding ways of maintaining and restoring biodiversity as part ofthe designing and deciding upon new economic and security structures The western countries must find ways of reducing ... 1] There are other examples of concentration in agriculture among the input suppliers in particular [10, 16] The seed industry is increasingly inthe hands of a few companies capable of carrying ... provided the integrating framework within which to discuss the ideas, tools and infrastructure ofthe papers presented by those participating inthe NATO ARW in Krakow, Poland Ideas gained in planning...
... following the binding of anthranilate (Fig 3, inset) and the shoulder at % 500 nm following the binding of benzoate (De497nm of 7500ặM)1ặcm)1 vs a gure of 2000 4000ặM)1ặcm)1 observed with the other ... in binding were observed for Y238 mutants with the ligands tested (Table 2) These results indicate that the mode of ligand binding is retained inthe two mutants, and that the alteration ofthe ... in pkDAAO and Y238 in RgDAAO share the characteristics of being exible and adapting their conformation depending on the size ofthe ligand side chain [27] Our results indicate that therole of...
... ApoE3 isoform are taken up more avidly by adipose tissue than the lipoproteins containing mouse ApoE There has been much discussion inthe medical community concerning theroleofin ammation in obesity ... Diet-induced obesity b) Insulin resistance c) Glucose intolerance Fat cells Fig Model for theroleof ApoE inthe development of diet-induced obesity in mice Dietary lipids are packaged into ... interpretation ofthe results obtained by Huang et al [41] is that intrinsic defense mechanisms in adipose tissue limit adipogenesis by reducing the expression of ApoE inthe fed state Certainly,...