role of glial cells in the brain

... The role of B cells in Atherosclerosis: Pathogenic or protective? Recent studies have revisited the role of B cells to clarify its role in atherosclerosis As described earlier, the transfer of ... atherosclerosis Of interest, B cells and their involvement in atherosclerosis will be discussed 1.4.1 Localization of B cells in Atherosclerosis In apoE-/- mice, it was demonstrated that the localization of ... possible therapeutic intervention in CAD patients (Kyaw et al., 2012) Therefore, in line with these findings, it is thus not surprising that the administration of anti-BAFFR antibody into apoE-/mice...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:23

... accumulation of plasma cells in the bone marrow of apoE-/- mice Because we maintained the mice on BrdU in drinking water for one month, the result is also indicative that these plasma cells accumulated in ... 2006), we included the non-proliferative state of plasma cells as an additional parameter when examining plasma cells in the bone marrow To begin our investigation into ASCs in the bone marrow of apoE-/- ... maintained apoE-/- mice with thymidine analog, BrdU in drinking water for one month The administration of BrdU on apoE-/- mice facilitates the detection of non-   124   proliferating plasma cells...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:24

... fall into the state of anergy However, it remains to be determined if APOE protein is crucial in maintaining the anergy state of B cells 4.7 Role of B cell subpopulations However, it remains unclear ... autoantibodies in apoE-/- mice These studies will present a clearer picture in our experimental settings of the onset of initiating humoral responses against oxLDL in vivo in the context of atherosclerosis ... not show increased frequency of oxLDL-specific IgM+ ASCs in the bone marrow while it did increased in the spleen argues against the hypothesis   176   that these cells were generated in the bone...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:24

... domain ERM contains two DNA binding inhibitory domains flanking the Ets domain: the central 87 amino acid inhibitory domain is poorly conserved and virtually specific to ERM, and the C-terminal ... marks the position of supershifted complexes (B) The binding of in vitro translated ERM is eliminated by mutations in Ets motifs The binding of in vitro translated ERM over the PS1 promoter was ... complexes with in vitro translated ERM which could be supershifted by the antibody, indicating the presence of ERM binding site(s) in each of the three probes We also examined the pattern of complexes...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... for the epithelium and potentially could influence the regenerative response of the epithelium to chlorine [12] To evaluate the role of γδ T cells in chlorine induced airway injury we studied the ... since the inflammatory response to epithelial damage was also attenuated in the γδ T cell deficient mice Our findings are consistent with a role of γδ T cells in determining the magnitude of the ... subjects The factors influencing the rate of epithelial regeneration are likely of key importance in determining the short and long term consequences of chlorine induced airway dysfunction The γδ T cells...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... relies on the securities booking system of the CGSDTC and the bond trading system of the inter-bank lending centre The trading system of the national inter-bank lending centre provides pricing information, ... source of financing for enterprises, if their own capital is excluded In summary, the deepening process of the financial markets has rendered the dominance of the banking sector in the financial ... in turn contributed to the financial stability not only in Asia but also in the whole world Role of the international financial institutions ( IFIs ) The IFIs have played an active role in financial...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 07:15

... sepsis, triggering the production of proinflammatory cytokines and liver injury [13] Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the role of KCs in the regulation of CYP isoform activities ... depletion of KCs in vivo, 7.5 mgÆkg)1 of GdCl3 was injected via the tail vein at 48 and 24 h before the performance of CLP or sham operation, based on the findings of other investigators who showed the ... USA) Binding of all of the antibodies was detected using an ECL detection system (iNtRON Biotechnology, Seoul, Korea) in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions The intensity of the immunoreactive...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 18:20

... adults (39 ) The renewed interest in examining the indications for BCG vaccination in the United States included consideration of the wide range of vaccine efficacies determined by clinical trials ... explore the sources of the heterogeneity in the efficacy of the BCG vaccine reported in the individual studies Using a model that included the geographic latitude of the study site and the data ... efficacy of BCG vaccine in HCWs or b) the effects on efficacy of the vaccine strain administered Vol 45 / No RR-4 MMWR and the vaccinee’s age at the time of vaccination The protective efficacy of BCG...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... understanding issues facing community banks I THE CURRENT ROLE OF COMMUNITY BANKS The banking system in the United States has always been unique in the sense of containing large numbers of small ... were not there, other financial services providers might readily step in to take their place This article examines the role of community banks in the U.S economy The first section of the article ... While community banks still comprise the vast majority of banks, the question arises whether their role in the banking system has declined to the point of insignificance This section shows that...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... initiated at 48 h post-transfection by maintaining the cells in culture medium containing 2% horse serum Cells were fixed on day of differentiation and stained with hematoxylin and eosin One of ... or without hematoxylin staining In hypoxia experiments, 3T3-L1 cells were maintained in a hypoxia chamber (Invivo 400; Ruskinn Inc., Cincinnati, OH, USA) constantly maintained at 1% O2 Culture ... IDM (10 lgÆmL)1 insulin, lm dexamethasone, and 0.5 mm IDM) Cells were then maintained in DMEM containing 10% fetal bovine serum and lgÆmL)1insulin The medium was replaced every other day Mature...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... geometry of the hinge loop after ligation Also in this case no clashes were detected at Electrostatic interactions and antitumor RNases the dimer interface of the models or in the surroundings of the ... Nter are the C-terminal and N-terminal structural regions, respectively, of the two A and B monomers of the dimeric RNase The black circle between the monomers indicates the mass center of the dimer ... electrostatic field of different Fig Plot of the EIE values as function of rotation (r) and inclination (i) angles of RNases The hatched axis at the bottom and right of the plots show schemes of some conformations...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 06:20

... N-linked oligosaccharide side-chains are important for the GABA transport activity 1-Deoxymannojirimycin inhibits the GABA-uptake of GAT1 In order to gain further insight into the role of the ... misfolding of this protein, resulting in its partial retention in the ER and its rapid digestion thereafter [16,19] Accordingly, our results indicate that the intracellular trafficking of N-glycosylation ... Aliquots were used for measurement of the remaining [3H]GABA and [14C]sucrose The protein concentration in the supernatant was determined using the bicinchoninic acid protein assay reagent (Pierce, USA)...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... However, the mechanistic roles of several of these residues are not described well and there is no example of mutational analysis of all of these residues in the same enzyme To obtain an insight into ... 1), thereby confirming the crucial role of Asp142 Catalysis in family 18 chitinases (Eur J Biochem 271) 259 In most ChiB structures, Asp142 is clearly defined, being either in the ÔdownÕ or in the ... positioned in the ÔupÕ position rows and shows that in the presence of the substrate, rotation of Asp142 towards Glu144 lowers the pKa of the latter by 0.8 pH units The calculated effects of the D140N...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 14:20

... whereas the slope of the slow semi-inactivation process was rather similar to the slope of the curve found when the medium did not contain AdoMet, with an estimated halflife of 10.5 The role of the ... are located in the central domain of each subunit, in the interface between the two dimers comprising the tetrameric structure [29] This domain contains five cysteine residues, two of them (Cys35 ... forming a disulfide bond which may be necessary for the tetrameric state of the enzyme In addition, Cys69 is involved in the correct folding of the monomer, supporting the establishment of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... trees The largest plant height was obtained using linings of stone and marble During the first year of the study, when the lining served only as mulch due to lack of rainfall, an increase of 33.3 ... crop yields in rainfed areas, even in the more marginal rainfed environments The continued application of conventional breeding and the recent developments in non-conventional breeding offer considerable ... Considerations of risk may be very important in the initial decision of whether to adopt rainwater harvesting at an individual farm level Especially due to the low economic status of many of the farmers in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 00:20

... rates only increase by 50 basis points, and the increase in inflation is 50 basis points less than in the baseline case A banking sector that remains well-capitalized can thus reduce the length ... capital increases the Additional evidence suggests that decreases in the capitalization of Japanese banks in the late 1980s had adverse effects on their lending and on economic activity in areas in the ... lending Figure illustrates the sequence of events that unfold in each period 2.2 Final good production Final Good Assembly Competitive firms produce the final good by combining a continuum of intermediate...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 10:20

... number of amino acid residues contribute to the binding of the substrate by hydrogen bonding and ⁄ or hydrophobic interactions Using the ligplot program [31], we investigated the specific interactions ... important role in ‘cycling’ the pKa of catalytic Glu during catalysis [24,38] The mutation of the D1 residue to Asn (D140N) in SmChiB caused a 500-fold decrease in activity [39] On the other hand, in ... almost identical, but the D524A mutation resulted in a remarkable change in the conformation of the Glu526 side-chain The 2Fobs ) Fcalc electron density of the Glu526 side-chain in the D524A–substrate...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... mutual interest in finding ways of maintaining and restoring biodiversity as part of the designing and deciding upon new economic and security structures The western countries must find ways of reducing ... 1] There are other examples of concentration in agriculture among the input suppliers in particular [10, 16] The seed industry is increasingly in the hands of a few companies capable of carrying ... provided the integrating framework within which to discuss the ideas, tools and infrastructure of the papers presented by those participating in the NATO ARW in Krakow, Poland Ideas gained in planning...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 18:20

... following the binding of anthranilate (Fig 3, inset) and the shoulder at % 500 nm following the binding of benzoate (De497nm of 7500ặM)1ặcm)1 vs a gure of 2000 4000ặM)1ặcm)1 observed with the other ... in binding were observed for Y238 mutants with the ligands tested (Table 2) These results indicate that the mode of ligand binding is retained in the two mutants, and that the alteration of the ... in pkDAAO and Y238 in RgDAAO share the characteristics of being exible and adapting their conformation depending on the size of the ligand side chain [27] Our results indicate that the role of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... ApoE3 isoform are taken up more avidly by adipose tissue than the lipoproteins containing mouse ApoE There has been much discussion in the medical community concerning the role of in ammation in obesity ... Diet-induced obesity b) Insulin resistance c) Glucose intolerance Fat cells Fig Model for the role of ApoE in the development of diet-induced obesity in mice Dietary lipids are packaged into ... interpretation of the results obtained by Huang et al [41] is that intrinsic defense mechanisms in adipose tissue limit adipogenesis by reducing the expression of ApoE in the fed state Certainly,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:21