regulation of the actin cytoskeleton in dendritic spines

... tempting to correlate the functional changes with the structural modification of the actin? ??HMM interface, which results in the inhibition of HMM cross- linking to the N-terminal part of a ctin. ... actin. Can the diminution of HMM contacts with the N-terminal part of actin account f or the d ecrease in actin? ??HMM ATPase activity and for the increase in thin filament sliding velocity while the se ... entire length of thin filaments and is capable of modulating the r ate of formation of the a ctin– myosin complex [74,75]. Interestingly, nebulin also interacts with the titin PEVK domain in a calcium/calmodulin

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... N-terminal half of the protein, including the dehydrogenase domain Specific binding of the FNR is mediated by a unique series of proline/serine-rich repeat motifs located in the C-terminus For the integration ... CaM-binding motif [46] Additionally, the binding of CaM at the C-terminus and the binding of NADPH at the extreme N-terminus appear to be mutually exclusive, suggesting that two different signalling ... C-terminus protruding into the stroma Conserved regions of the C-terminus are the TPR domain, consisting of seven predicted a-helices (blue), and the Sti1-like Hip/Hop domain at the extreme C-terminus

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... the effect of BR on actin cytoskeleton configuration In vivoF -actin imaging was performed on roots of Arabidopsis seed-lings, using transgenic plants expressing the second actin- binding domain ... whether the actin cytoskeleton acts as a node of convergence in BR and auxin signaling We showthat, in Arabidopsis, BR alters the actin cytoskeleton in anauxin-like manner by unbundling actin ... the BR signaling pathway and auxin responsiveness, functioning as a node of interaction of these two hormone pathways.Auxin transport inhibitors bundle actin microfilaments, re-stricting actin

Ngày tải lên: 30/04/2024, 00:04

... taurine uptake in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts is linear within the initial 20 min following the addition of 14 C-labelled taurine. Using taurine uptake within the initial 20 min in NaCl medium containing extracellular ... facilitate the visualization of the inhibitory effect of the taurine, which was so marked, that there was no or very little visible labelling in the taurine-treated cells in the nonenhanced images. The ... b-alanine) are potential inhibitors of the active uptake [7]. The data shown in Fig. 1 and summarized in Table 1 indicate that the i nitial taurine uptake is reduced in the presence of b-alanine (Fig.

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... that the lack of TNF-R1 does not affect the incidence or severity of collagen-induced arthritis in the joints [27]. Repeated injections of TNF-α into the joints of TNF-R1 knockout mice enhanced the ... by the addition of TNF-α resulted in the upregulation of TNF- α and TNF-R2 in both normal and degen- erate cells, although the levels of TNF-R1 remained unchanged. This finding is in keeping ... matrix synthesis, including a decrease in glycosaminoglycan production and an increase in collagen type I within the NP, and upregulation of matrix-degrading enzymes [2-5]. This results in an increase

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... number of smooth muscle-specific contractile proteins are converted to non-muscle isoforms One of such signature proteins is caldesmon (CaD) CaD is an actin- binding protein that also interacts ... modulating the actin cytoskeleton stability in dedifferentiated vascular SMCs such as A7r5 Background Migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from media to intima is a critical step in the ... moderately reinforced actin cytoskeleton The control cells (transfected with EGFP alone) exhibited actin cytoskeleton that was similar to that in untransfected cells, and also migrated at about the same

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... profiles in modules using the expression profiles of transcription factors In the case of two regulators, the expression of a module m is represented as a weighted sum of the expression of the ... influence on the expression of the modules, but they also have a highly significant negative cross-term indicating the competitive regulation Intriguingly, these are the only two modules in the ... protein ID is given together with information on the closest homologue in Arabidopsis The last column gives the number of modules (and in parenthesis the number of genes) regulated by the factor in

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... dis- interested. But Mechanic lists several reasons for a declining trend of trus t in medical institutions in the US and also in the UK: the influence of television and other media on public opinion, ... opinion, the fragmentation of commu- nity, the widespread dissemination of information on political and other violations of public trust, the restruc- turing of the economy, and the increase in health ... the rationale that in the market plac e, and with increasing numbers of brands coming and going, this was the best way to be sure of the quality of the drugs. In one hospi- tal a pharmacist in

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 14:21

... [45]). Ther efore, the presence of this motif is not indicative of the candidate MYB being within the anthocyanin-promoting clade, but rather suggests that these MYBs require an interacting bHLH ... identifying amino acid residues were found in both the DNA-binding and C-terminal domains of these MYBs. The expression of these MYB10 genes correlates with fruit and flower anthocyanin levels. Their ... seen in any other R2R3 MYBs (Additional File 2). Outside of the DNA-interacting R2R3 domain, most R2R3 MYB proteins have a long C-terminal sequence. In this region of Arabidopsis anthocyanin-promoting

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... angiogenesis. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of ING4 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis both in the bleomycin (BLM)-model and in two different types of human pulmonary fibrosis, including ... sion of HIF-1a in the alveolar epithelium, both in the bleomycin-model and human pulmonary fibrosis sug- gesting a role in disease initiation and progression[15]. The aim of our study was to investigate ... investigate the role of ING4 in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis by assessing its expression both in the bleomycin (BLM)-model and in two different types of human pulmonary fibrosis by using tissue

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:20

... mid-frontal gyrus of the brain of infected individuals. A high rate of viral replication occurs in this region of the brain. Interestingly, the pres- ence of the 6G configuration of this binding site ... [66]. In the absence of func- tional Sp sites (or in the presence of genetic alterations that inactivate the Sp binding sites), binding of NF-κB to the enhancer can restore replication of the virus ... start site in the retroviral LTR. It also includes a discussion of the regulation of the retroviral LTR in the monocyte- macrophage lineage during virus infection of the bone marrow, the peripheral

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... derivatives of the initial (lasting about 10 min) linear fragments of the respective transmission curves (see Fig 1A) Abbreviations ABPs: actin binding proteins; AC: actin cytoskeleton; AFs: actin filaments; ... blue light-induced changes of F -actin but on other, yet unidentified factor(s) The structure of the actin baskets surrounding chloroplasts, and their interactions with the cortical actin cytoskeleton ... ions of actin Disintegration of F -actin in EGTA and restoration of actin network prompted by calcium or magnesium ions (A) Formation of actin foci in response to 0,5–1 h incubation with mM EGTA in...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... by the actin binding proteins The biochemical features of actin, together with the actin binding proteins, allow actin filament to work as a physical force when the polymer grows beneath the ... spontaneously The actin- bound ATP will be hydrolyzed once the actin monomer incorporates into actin filaments The actin filament has intrinsic polarity, i.e., the two ends are different The end to which actin ... Organization of the actin cytoskeleton in S cerevisiae Actively growing yeast cells contain three visible F -actin structures: cortical actin patches, polarized actin cables, and a cytokinetic actin ring,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:19

... thus insuring cell-surface anchoring [37] In other cases, the CT-peptide contains integral transmembrane motifs affecting the sorting and recycling of furin and PC5 ⁄ 6B [38–40] In the case of ... (Sf)9 cells expressing the recombinant mPC1 ⁄ 3, the presence of the 87 kDa form in excess of the 66 ⁄ 71 kDa facilitates isolation of the enzyme and helps in maintaining the enzymatic activity ... cooperate in the activation of an enzyme In the case of proPC1 ⁄ 3, removal of the various structural and functional domains is a sequential and coordinated event culminating in removal of the CT-peptide...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... mutations in either of the binding sites abolish promoter activation Dexamethasone increases the binding of GR to some of the GRE sites within the promoter and abolishes promoter activation induced ... specific binding of AP-1 to the consensus and cd38 putative binding sites in HASM cells TNF-α-induced activation and specific binding of AP-1 to the consensus and cd38 putative binding sites in HASM ... decreased the TNF-α-induced activation of the kb promoter (Figure 8)) To determine the transcription factor binding sites within the kb promoter that are involved in the regulation of CD38 expression,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:21

... participating in the assembly of perinuclear actin network This thesis has provided new findings and hypotheses on the regulation of perinuclear actin It shows that the dynamics of perinuclear actin ... contribute to maintaining the physiological F-/G -actin homeostasis Thymosin-β4 and profilin are two main G -actin binding proteins in mammalian cells They help to keep a large fraction (∼50%) of the cellular ... and Robinson, 2013) Therefore, by providing actin monomers in close proximity, profilin can increase the efficiency of actin assembly by these factors 1.1.2.2.4 Calcium )regulation) of) actin) Intracellular...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:16

... contain short, highly branched filaments of actin The formation of these actin patches is credited to the actin- polymerization activity of actin nucleators The single most important nucleator in the ... CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1.5 Other actin structures in yeast Other than actin patches yeast contains two other distinct actin structures namelyactin cables and acto-myosin ring 1.1.5.1 Actin cables ... Yeast actin cytoskeleton through the cell cycle The organization of the yeast actin cytoskeleton changes with the cell cycle The actin patches gathering at the presumptive bud site mark the initiation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:50

... external loop of the protein that might be involved in electrostatic binding of the natural electron donor ferredoxin (M Winkler, B Neil & T Happe, unpublished results) In the N-terminus of other Fe-hydrogenases ... domain of about 130 amino acids was detected in the C-terminal part of the protein The designated activesite domain [14] consists of an atypical [Fe–S] cluster (H-cluster) In C pasteurianum, the ... solvent access [14] In contrast to all Fe-hydrogenases including HydA of S obliquus, the enzyme of C reinhardtii has an interesting additional protein domain A small insertion of 45 amino acids between...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 22:20

... structure of rat MVK bound to ATP [17], depicted in Fig 9A, the active site of the enzyme is located at the interface of the N- and C-terminal domains of the monomer The adenosine base of ATP is ... forming the base of the mevalonate binding pocket, Gly12 to Leu33, are colored magenta The side chains of Asp204 interacting with Lys33 are indicated, as are the side chains of Glu193 and Ser146 interacting ... the site of ATP binding and may exploit common side chain interactions; or (b) the conformations of residues involved in RNA binding may be directly or indirectly coupled to the binding of ATP...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... present study aimed to define the cis-acting element and investigate the protein factors involved in regulation of the hGnRH II gene in TE61 and JEG-3 cells These cell lines, which endogenously co-express ... examining transcriptional regulation of the GnRH II gene [7,8] Results Fine mapping of the cis-acting element at )650 ⁄ )620 To characterize the hGnRH II intronic silencer and to identify the ... retinoic acid receptor (ACTR) and p300 ⁄ cAMP response element binding proteinbinding protein (CBP ⁄ p300) [26–28] This may explain the up -regulation (alleviation of the repressing effect of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20