... REGULATIONOFGENEEXPRESSIONBY ESRRB IN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS ZHANG WEIWEI (B.Med., PEKING UNIVERSITY) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ... Sequencing group of Genome Institute of Singapore), Eleanor Wong (Cloning and Sequencing group of Genome Institute of Singapore), Han Xu (Information & Mathematical Sciences Group of Genome Institute of ... developmental genes 4.4 The regulationof the ES cell chromatin structures by Esrrb 4.5 Regulationof the reprogramming circuitry by Esrrb CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 133 136 139 142 144 147 151 BIBLIOGRAPHY...
... of the transcription rates of all genes, accounting for the global regulationofgeneexpression [22] Gene- specific cis-regulatory elements that mediate rhythmic geneexpression might therefore ... Equilibrium of KaiC:KaiC-P regulates activity of KaiC-containing complexes Rhythmic chromosome supercoiling/condensation reports Rhythmic regulationofexpression Clock-dominated expression An ... basis of this global regulation? One possibility could be rhythmic control by RNA polymerase sigma subunits, which often determine the promoter specificity of the polymerase But studies of sigma...
... delicate mechanism ofregulationof viral geneexpressionby compensating any losses or gains in transcription levels This mechanism may play a key role in the adaptation process of recombinant variants ... transactivation of HIV-1 geneexpression is mainly induced by Tat through the interaction with TAR, and by the interaction of Vpr with cis-acting elements, including NF-κB, Sp1, C/EBP and the GRE enhancer ... including transactivation of viral [16] and host cell genes, regulationof the reverse-transcription process accuracy, viral DNA nuclear import, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis regulation http://www.virologyj.com/content/6/1/107...
... delicate mechanism ofregulationof viral geneexpressionby compensating any losses or gains in transcription levels This mechanism may play a key role in the adaptation process of recombinant variants ... transactivation of HIV-1 geneexpression is mainly induced by Tat through the interaction with TAR, and by the interaction of Vpr with cis-acting elements, including NF-κB, Sp1, C/EBP and the GRE enhancer ... including transactivation of viral [16] and host cell genes, regulationof the reverse-transcription process accuracy, viral DNA nuclear import, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis regulation http://www.virologyj.com/content/6/1/107...
... http://genomebiology.com/2007/8/9/R189 decreased expressionof the GR NR3C1 gene, post-translational modification ofGR protein, increased expressionofGR antagonists, and decreased activity ofGR transcription cofactors [37] ... (denoted x) and other demographic, psychological, or medical covariates (denoted c) that might influence geneexpression In these analyses, the profile ofexpressionof each gene across participants ... cognitive function In 2005, 153 of the 166 remaining participants (92%) agreed to provide a 10 ml sample of peripheral blood for geneexpression analysis Geneexpression analyses were carried...
... regulate the expressionof genes in Arabidopsis We predicted six general models that could describe the possible modes ofgeneregulation due to carbon, nitrogen and CN together Three of these models ... qualitatively compare gene- expression profiles across multiple treatments For each gene, each treatment is assigned a value representing the effect of the treatment on the expressionof that gene Treat- ... classes represent a broad spectrum ofexpression patterns that validate each of the six general models for generegulation This analysis shows that of the 3,652 genes in the analysis, the vast majority...
... roles in the regulationof nearly every aspect ofgeneexpression They often display a modular architecture, exert multiple functions and participate in more than one step of the gene- expression ... intricacies of their RNA targets One of the best characterized models of translational control involving cis-acting RNA elements is the regulationof translation of maternally inherited mRNA by cytoplasmic ... considerable influence of both regulatory proteins and RNA structures Regulationof mRNA utilization by cis elements and trans-acting factors The expressionof many proteins is influenced by the structure...
... levels, either by degrading many 'off targeted' mRNAs or by blocking translation The extent of this non-specific effect would be much greater when considering the large number of genes known to ... is a translation block or other kind of RNA mediated regulationofgene expression, without alteration of mRNA levels Expression assessment and evaluation of mRNA levels would be recommended as ... the sensitivity of our methods by comparing the expressionof TS, rTSα, HIF and aHIF with that of a relatively low abundance gene product, TATA binding protein (TBP) The S-AS mRNA expression levels...
... pathway Grouping of genes was done by computing over-representation of regulated genes in gene ontology (GO) classes [14] Statistical analysis consisted of 1) analysis of differentially expressed genes ... the expressionof genes in the IL-6 signaling pathway, we found that OP-1 not only regulates expressionof the IL-6 family of cytokines but also B Changes in geneexpressionof IL-6 family of ... representation of genes grouped according to their function A, genes up-regulated by treatment with recombinant OP-1; B, genes down-regulated by treatment with recombinant OP-1; C, genes up-regulated by...
... the wealth of information on gene up -regulation by ROS, little attention has been paid to the down -regulation ofgeneexpressionby ROS In this thesis, we have studied how two important genes, estrogen ... REDOX REGULATIONOF ERα 58 3A.1 H2O2 AND THE EXPRESSIONOF ERα PROTEIN 58 3A.1.1 Morphology and growth of MCF7 cells upon exposure to H2O2 58 3A.1.2 Effect of H2O2 on the expressionof ... in the down -regulation of ERα expression 71 3A.1.7 Effect of peroxynitrite on the expressionof ERα protein 73 3A.2 DOWN -REGULATION OF ERα DOES NOT INVOLVE THE PROTEOSOMAL DEGRADATION PATHWAY...
... 53 1.4.4 Regulationof activity and expressionof NHE‐1 54 1.4.4 A 1.4.4 B 1.5 Regulationof NHE-1 activity 54 Transcriptional regulationof NHE-1 expression .58 AIM OF STUDY ... Caspase 3 activity found in the nucleus is important for NHE‐1 generegulation induced by H2O2 126 3.2.4 Down regulationof NHE‐1 protein expression induced by H2O2 is mainly attributed to the inhibition of NHE‐1 gene transcription ... inhibition of NHE-1 geneexpression mediated by H2O2 222 4.2 ROLE OF CASPASES AND IN THE INHIBITION OF NHE-1 EXPRESSIONBY MILD OXIDATIVE STRESS 225 4.3 IRON AND THE ACTIVATION OF...
... indicated, followed by western blotting for Shc, phospho-Erk and total Erk levels (C) Rescue by ectopic Shc isoform expressionof Erk activation that was suppressed by down -regulation of endogenous ... not yet fully understood Expressionof genes for these proteolytic enzymes can be induced by various stimuli, including growth factors and integrin ligation, and has often been shown to be extracellular ... knockdown of all Shc isoforms strongly reduced Decma-induced Erk phosphorylation Moreover, expressionof silent mutants of Shc isoforms showed that only p46Shc and p52Shc rescued the effect of the...
... Analysis ofgeneexpression in homocysteineinjured vascular endothelial cells: demonstration of GRP78/BiP expression, cloning and characterization of a novel reducing agent-tunicamycin regulated gene ... the stimulation ofgeneexpressionby the presence of amino acids, only one gene, Pept 1, encoding a peptide transporter, was shown to contain an AARE-like sequence activated by phenylalanine ... presence of amino acid(s) resulted in inhibition of the DNA binding of the involved transcription factors By contrast, the presence of amino acid may also result in stimulation of the DNA binding of...
... that of the background luciferase activity observed with CH9 and CfEcRWt (Fig 3A) The relative light units (RLU) per microgram of protein of luciferase reporter geneexpression differed by several ... well as background expressionof the monopartite gene switch (Fig 3C) The CfEcRVY mutant in a monopartite switch format (VGCfEVY) resulted in low background levels ofexpressionof the GAL4 RE-regulated ... majority of the transgenic lines; the T2 seedlings were tested for inheritance of the transgene by Southern blot analysis, and the levels of receptor geneexpression were tested at the RNA level by...
... IL-2, the major growth factor of T cells, is mainly produced by CD4+T cells, and the quantity of IL-2 synthesized by activated T cells is an important determinant of the magnitude of immune responses ... the vehicle-treated groups, we thought that differences in the patterns of cytokines geneexpression in each exposed group were due mainly to the different amounts of induced genes in the cultured ... value of β-actin Results are representative of three separate experiments F ig Effect of pollutants on cytokines geneexpression Based on the Figure 4, the relative inductions of cytokines genes...
... required number of subjects needed per treatment group Group size calculations were based on the detection of a change in gene expression, expressed as the ‘fold change’ in a treated group versus ... that the stimulated PBMC are a source of mRNA for the target genes of interest The expressionof other relevant genes, including IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, generated satisfactory standard curves ... influence, the CE values of the target genes are normalized to a reference gene using the CE for GAPDH The RE compared with GAPDH is determined by dividing the CE of the target geneby the CE for GAPDH...
... transcriptional regulationof both type II collagen and aggrecan is Sox-9 [28,43,44] Sox-9 acts by binding to enhancer regions of the type II collagen gene and to regulatory regions of the aggrecan gene ... Effects of EGF on type II collagen mRNA are independent of the Sox-9 response region of the type II collagen enhancer Expressionof both type II collagen and aggrecan genes is regulated by a transcriptional ... control matrix geneexpression elicit their effects through regulationofgene transcription or through post-transcriptional modification and turnover ofgene products (i.e stability of mRNA) A key...
... regulate the level ofexpressionof genes in the 3′ half of the genome are located immediately upstream to the transcription start site of their sgRNAs These elements generally consist of one or two ... size of CPm of GLRaV-3 is much larger than that of BYV and CTV In this study, we examined the geneexpression strategy and cis-acting elements of GLRaV-3 in comparison to the other members of the ... accumulation of sgRNAs detected in virusinfected grapevine tissue indicated differences in the levels ofexpressionof specific sgRNAs compared to other monopartite closteroviruses like BYV and CTV...
... Sam68ΔC Understanding regulationof Understanding regulationof HIV-1 geneexpressionby Sam68ΔC (A) Following transcription, HIV-1 RNA undergoes alternative splicing to generate over 40 mRNAs that ... pathogenesis of this virus Acknowledgements I wish to thank Mark McNally for all of his constructive suggestions in the preparation of this commentary Research by A.C is supported by operating grants ... susceptibility to regulationby Sam68ΔC Defining the mechanism by which Sam68ΔC selectively inhibits the expressionof several key HIV-1 mRNAs will provide important insights into their regulation and...