regulation of gene expression by gr

... REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION BY ESRRB IN EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS ZHANG WEIWEI (B.Med., PEKING UNIVERSITY) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ... Sequencing group of Genome Institute of Singapore), Eleanor Wong (Cloning and Sequencing group of Genome Institute of Singapore), Han Xu (Information & Mathematical Sciences Group of Genome Institute of ... developmental genes 4.4 The regulation of the ES cell chromatin structures by Esrrb 4.5 Regulation of the reprogramming circuitry by Esrrb CHAPTER V CONCLUSION 133 136 139 142 144 147 151 BIBLIOGRAPHY...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:19

... of the transcription rates of all genes, accounting for the global regulation of gene expression [22] Gene- specific cis-regulatory elements that mediate rhythmic gene expression might therefore ... Equilibrium of KaiC:KaiC-P regulates activity of KaiC-containing complexes Rhythmic chromosome supercoiling/condensation reports Rhythmic regulation of expression Clock-dominated expression An ... basis of this global regulation? One possibility could be rhythmic control by RNA polymerase sigma subunits, which often determine the promoter specificity of the polymerase But studies of sigma...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... delicate mechanism of regulation of viral gene expression by compensating any losses or gains in transcription levels This mechanism may play a key role in the adaptation process of recombinant variants ... transactivation of HIV-1 gene expression is mainly induced by Tat through the interaction with TAR, and by the interaction of Vpr with cis-acting elements, including NF-κB, Sp1, C/EBP and the GRE enhancer ... including transactivation of viral [16] and host cell genes, regulation of the reverse-transcription process accuracy, viral DNA nuclear import, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis regulation http://www.virologyj.com/content/6/1/107...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:21

... delicate mechanism of regulation of viral gene expression by compensating any losses or gains in transcription levels This mechanism may play a key role in the adaptation process of recombinant variants ... transactivation of HIV-1 gene expression is mainly induced by Tat through the interaction with TAR, and by the interaction of Vpr with cis-acting elements, including NF-κB, Sp1, C/EBP and the GRE enhancer ... including transactivation of viral [16] and host cell genes, regulation of the reverse-transcription process accuracy, viral DNA nuclear import, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis regulation http://www.virologyj.com/content/6/1/107...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:22

... http://genomebiology.com/2007/8/9/R189 decreased expression of the GR NR3C1 gene, post-translational modification of GR protein, increased expression of GR antagonists, and decreased activity of GR transcription cofactors [37] ... (denoted x) and other demographic, psychological, or medical covariates (denoted c) that might influence gene expression In these analyses, the profile of expression of each gene across participants ... cognitive function In 2005, 153 of the 166 remaining participants (92%) agreed to provide a 10 ml sample of peripheral blood for gene expression analysis Gene expression analyses were carried...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... regulate the expression of genes in Arabidopsis We predicted six general models that could describe the possible modes of gene regulation due to carbon, nitrogen and CN together Three of these models ... qualitatively compare gene- expression profiles across multiple treatments For each gene, each treatment is assigned a value representing the effect of the treatment on the expression of that gene Treat- ... classes represent a broad spectrum of expression patterns that validate each of the six general models for gene regulation This analysis shows that of the 3,652 genes in the analysis, the vast majority...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... roles in the regulation of nearly every aspect of gene expression They often display a modular architecture, exert multiple functions and participate in more than one step of the gene- expression ... intricacies of their RNA targets One of the best characterized models of translational control involving cis-acting RNA elements is the regulation of translation of maternally inherited mRNA by cytoplasmic ... considerable influence of both regulatory proteins and RNA structures Regulation of mRNA utilization by cis elements and trans-acting factors The expression of many proteins is influenced by the structure...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:21

... levels, either by degrading many 'off targeted' mRNAs or by blocking translation The extent of this non-specific effect would be much greater when considering the large number of genes known to ... is a translation block or other kind of RNA mediated regulation of gene expression, without alteration of mRNA levels Expression assessment and evaluation of mRNA levels would be recommended as ... the sensitivity of our methods by comparing the expression of TS, rTSα, HIF and aHIF with that of a relatively low abundance gene product, TATA binding protein (TBP) The S-AS mRNA expression levels...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... pathway Grouping of genes was done by computing over-representation of regulated genes in gene ontology (GO) classes [14] Statistical analysis consisted of 1) analysis of differentially expressed genes ... the expression of genes in the IL-6 signaling pathway, we found that OP-1 not only regulates expression of the IL-6 family of cytokines but also B Changes in gene expression of IL-6 family of ... representation of genes grouped according to their function A, genes up-regulated by treatment with recombinant OP-1; B, genes down-regulated by treatment with recombinant OP-1; C, genes up-regulated by...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... the wealth of information on gene up -regulation by ROS, little attention has been paid to the down -regulation of gene expression by ROS In this thesis, we have studied how two important genes, estrogen ... REDOX REGULATION OF ERα 58 3A.1 H2O2 AND THE EXPRESSION OF ERα PROTEIN 58 3A.1.1 Morphology and growth of MCF7 cells upon exposure to H2O2 58 3A.1.2 Effect of H2O2 on the expression of ... in the down -regulation of ERα expression 71 3A.1.7 Effect of peroxynitrite on the expression of ERα protein 73 3A.2 DOWN -REGULATION OF ERα DOES NOT INVOLVE THE PROTEOSOMAL DEGRADATION PATHWAY...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:49

... 53  1.4.4  Regulation of activity and expression of NHE‐1 54  1.4.4 A  1.4.4 B  1.5  Regulation of NHE-1 activity 54  Transcriptional regulation of NHE-1 expression .58  AIM OF STUDY ... Caspase 3 activity found in the nucleus is important for NHE‐1 gene regulation induced by H2O2 126  3.2.4  Down regulation of NHE‐1 protein expression induced by H2O2 is  mainly attributed to the inhibition of NHE‐1 gene transcription ... inhibition of NHE-1 gene expression mediated by H2O2 222  4.2  ROLE OF CASPASES AND IN THE INHIBITION OF NHE-1 EXPRESSION BY MILD OXIDATIVE STRESS 225  4.3  IRON AND THE ACTIVATION OF...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:50

... indicated, followed by western blotting for Shc, phospho-Erk and total Erk levels (C) Rescue by ectopic Shc isoform expression of Erk activation that was suppressed by down -regulation of endogenous ... not yet fully understood Expression of genes for these proteolytic enzymes can be induced by various stimuli, including growth factors and integrin ligation, and has often been shown to be extracellular ... knockdown of all Shc isoforms strongly reduced Decma-induced Erk phosphorylation Moreover, expression of silent mutants of Shc isoforms showed that only p46Shc and p52Shc rescued the effect of the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... Analysis of gene expression in homocysteineinjured vascular endothelial cells: demonstration of GRP78/BiP expression, cloning and characterization of a novel reducing agent-tunicamycin regulated gene ... the stimulation of gene expression by the presence of amino acids, only one gene, Pept 1, encoding a peptide transporter, was shown to contain an AARE-like sequence activated by phenylalanine ... presence of amino acid(s) resulted in inhibition of the DNA binding of the involved transcription factors By contrast, the presence of amino acid may also result in stimulation of the DNA binding of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... that of the background luciferase activity observed with CH9 and CfEcRWt (Fig 3A) The relative light units (RLU) per microgram of protein of luciferase reporter gene expression differed by several ... well as background expression of the monopartite gene switch (Fig 3C) The CfEcRVY mutant in a monopartite switch format (VGCfEVY) resulted in low background levels of expression of the GAL4 RE-regulated ... majority of the transgenic lines; the T2 seedlings were tested for inheritance of the transgene by Southern blot analysis, and the levels of receptor gene expression were tested at the RNA level by...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... IL-2, the major growth factor of T cells, is mainly produced by CD4+T cells, and the quantity of IL-2 synthesized by activated T cells is an important determinant of the magnitude of immune responses ... the vehicle-treated groups, we thought that differences in the patterns of cytokines gene expression in each exposed group were due mainly to the different amounts of induced genes in the cultured ... value of β-actin Results are representative of three separate experiments F ig Effect of pollutants on cytokines gene expression Based on the Figure 4, the relative inductions of cytokines genes...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... ces 003 rof C 27 ta noisnetxe lanif dna ces 09 rof C 27 pmet noisnetxe ,ces 54 rof C 06 pmet gnilaenna ,ces 54 rof C 49 ta noitarutaned ,ces 06 rof C 49 ta noitarutaned laitini ,sgniwollof eht ... RCP si E ,eneg tegrat fo oitar noisserpxe evitaler a tneserper R ,alumrof siht nI )fer E( =R )tegrat E( )lortnoC− elpmaS( fer PC∆ )lortnoC− elpmaS( tegrat PC∆ :alumrof gniwollof skcihc nrohgeL ... stibihni dica ciadiakO ]9[ )Mµ 001( niloksrofyxoedid ,1 dna )Mµ 001( niloksrof ,)Mµ 004( BP htiw srh 61 rof sllec amotapeh nekcihc gnitaert retfa dnuof osla saw 73A3PYC fo slevel tpircsnart fo...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 18:21

... required number of subjects needed per treatment group Group size calculations were based on the detection of a change in gene expression, expressed as the ‘fold change’ in a treated group versus ... that the stimulated PBMC are a source of mRNA for the target genes of interest The expression of other relevant genes, including IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, generated satisfactory standard curves ... influence, the CE values of the target genes are normalized to a reference gene using the CE for GAPDH The RE compared with GAPDH is determined by dividing the CE of the target gene by the CE for GAPDH...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... transcriptional regulation of both type II collagen and aggrecan is Sox-9 [28,43,44] Sox-9 acts by binding to enhancer regions of the type II collagen gene and to regulatory regions of the aggrecan gene ... Effects of EGF on type II collagen mRNA are independent of the Sox-9 response region of the type II collagen enhancer Expression of both type II collagen and aggrecan genes is regulated by a transcriptional ... control matrix gene expression elicit their effects through regulation of gene transcription or through post-transcriptional modification and turnover of gene products (i.e stability of mRNA) A key...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... regulate the level of expression of genes in the 3′ half of the genome are located immediately upstream to the transcription start site of their sgRNAs These elements generally consist of one or two ... size of CPm of GLRaV-3 is much larger than that of BYV and CTV In this study, we examined the gene expression strategy and cis-acting elements of GLRaV-3 in comparison to the other members of the ... accumulation of sgRNAs detected in virusinfected grapevine tissue indicated differences in the levels of expression of specific sgRNAs compared to other monopartite closteroviruses like BYV and CTV...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 04:20

... Sam68ΔC Understanding regulation of Understanding regulation of HIV-1 gene expression by Sam68ΔC (A) Following transcription, HIV-1 RNA undergoes alternative splicing to generate over 40 mRNAs that ... pathogenesis of this virus Acknowledgements I wish to thank Mark McNally for all of his constructive suggestions in the preparation of this commentary Research by A.C is supported by operating grants ... susceptibility to regulation by Sam68ΔC Defining the mechanism by which Sam68ΔC selectively inhibits the expression of several key HIV-1 mRNAs will provide important insights into their regulation and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:20