modulation of inflammatory gene expression by trichothecene mycotoxins

... indicated, followed by western blotting for Shc, phospho-Erk and total Erk levels (C) Rescue by ectopic Shc isoform expression of Erk activation that was suppressed by down-regulation of endogenous ... Decma-induced Erk phosphorylation Moreover, expression of silent mutants of Shc isoforms showed that only p46Shc and p52Shc rescued the effect of the siRNA Overexpression of p66Shc not only failed to rescue ... the expression of MMPs and uPA in vitro [13–15] However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood Expression of genes for these proteolytic enzymes can be induced by various...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... inhibitory effect of asparagine and histidine on the expression of ASNS and that of leucine on CHOP (also known as GADD 153) gene expression (Table 1) Indeed, the first identification of a sequence ... the stimulation of gene expression by the presence of amino acids, only one gene, Pept 1, encoding a peptide transporter, was shown to contain an AARE-like sequence activated by phenylalanine ... presence of amino acid(s) resulted in inhibition of the DNA binding of the involved transcription factors By contrast, the presence of amino acid may also result in stimulation of the DNA binding of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... that the stimulated PBMC are a source of mRNA for the target genes of interest The expression of other relevant genes, including IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ, generated satisfactory standard curves ... influence, the CE values of the target genes are normalized to a reference gene using the CE for GAPDH The RE compared with GAPDH is determined by dividing the CE of the target gene by the CE for GAPDH ... then the mean coefficient of variation was determined for each target gene Data are presented as cell equivalents of expression and GAPDH normalized expression (relative expression) within each...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... the expression of genes in the IL-6 signaling pathway, we found that OP-1 not only regulates expression of the IL-6 family of cytokines but also B Changes in gene expression of IL-6 family of ... stimulated expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-1 receptor genes [17], while inhibition of OP-1 gene expression by OP-1AS down-regulated mRNA expression of these genes We have ... Grouping of genes was done by computing over-representation of regulated genes in gene ontology (GO) classes [14] Statistical analysis consisted of 1) analysis of differentially expressed genes...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... analyzed by qPCR In wild type cultures LPS and LPS+IFNg induce expression of the four pro -inflammatory genes studied but not affect mRNA levels of the anti -inflammatory genes IL-4 and TGFb1 Absence of ... LPS-induced expression of NOS2 and in LPS+IFNg-induced expression of NOS2 and IL-1b Results are expressed as relative fold units of ΔΔCt value between gene of interest and actin + Rn18s as reference genes ... activation To study the involvement of C/EBPb in the regulation of pro -inflammatory gene expression, mRNA levels of NOS2, IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFa were analyzed by qPCR in wild-type and C/EBPb-null...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... N (1999) Genetic analysis of nif regulatory genes by utilizing the yeast two-hybrid system detected formation of a NifL-NifA complex that is implicated in regulated expression of nif genes J Bacteriol ... anaerobic conditions and expression of NifL and NifA was induced from the tac promoter (Ptac) with 10 lM IPTG Expression of nifH¢-lacZ¢ was monitored by the determination of the b-galactosidase ... DMNH2 to the FAD-cofactor of NifL (Fig 4A) The reduction of NifL-bound FAD by a quinol derivative was confirmed using menadiol that also resulted in reduction of the flavin cofactor (Fig 4B) The...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... (shortterm) goal of genetic regulation [23,24] Dealing with the evolutionary optimization of gene expression in mathematical terms requires substantial simplications in view of the complexity of cellular ... extended versions of the unbranched pathway model by including in some detail transcription of genes, translation of mRNAs, and proteolysis In these models the genes may exist in ễOnế or ễOffế-states ... enzymes of the central metabolism of yeast resulting in down-regulation of glycolysis and up-regulation of the TCA-cycle and gluconeogenesis [1,3] In this paragraph we report on the application of...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... value of β-actin Results are representative of three separate experiments F ig Effect of pollutants on cytokines gene expression Based on the Figure 4, the relative inductions of cytokines genes ... major growth factor of T cells, is mainly produced by CD4+T cells, and the quantity of IL-2 synthesized by activated T cells is an important determinant of the magnitude of immune responses [9] ... Effects of Benzo[a]pyrene, 2-Bromopropane, Phenol and 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin on Proinflammatory Cytokines Gene Expression by Mice Spleen Cells 249 investigated the effect of pollutants...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 15:20

... ces 003 rof C 27 ta noisnetxe lanif dna ces 09 rof C 27 pmet noisnetxe ,ces 54 rof C 06 pmet gnilaenna ,ces 54 rof C 49 ta noitarutaned ,ces 06 rof C 49 ta noitarutaned laitini ,sgniwollof eht ... stibihni dica ciadiakO ]9[ )Mµ 001( niloksrofyxoedid ,1 dna )Mµ 001( niloksrof ,)Mµ 004( BP htiw srh 61 rof sllec amotapeh nekcihc gnitaert retfa dnuof osla saw 73A3PYC fo slevel tpircsnart fo ... dahsraH 282 .]71[ dlof 04 ot pu decudni enoparytem saerehw A3PYC fo noitcudni dlof 51 yletamixorppa ni detluser BP htiw tnemtaert )ortiv ni( sllec amotapeh nekcihC A3PYC fo noitcudni dlof ylno dewohs...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 18:21

... of the transcription rates of all genes, accounting for the global regulation of gene expression [22] Gene- specific cis-regulatory elements that mediate rhythmic gene expression might therefore ... that KaiC (probably as part of a complex) coordinates genome-wide gene expression; the majority of genes have significant basal activity and are rhythmically modulated by the KaiABC oscillator, ... Circadian orchestration of gene expression in cyanobacteria Genes Dev 1995, 9:1469-1478 Katayama M, Tsinoremas NF, Kondo T, Golden SS: cpmA, a gene involved in an output pathway of the cyanobacterial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... effect on inflammatory mediators including activity and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) [4,5], generation of prostaglandins [6,7], and leukotrienes (LT) [4] and expression of proinflammatory ... protein levels of LPS-induced proinflammatory cytokines are reportedly reduced by parthenolide treatment, there are limited data evaluating the effect of parthenolide on mRNA expression of these cytokines ... specific cytokine gene expression have been documented in vitro, but, to our knowledge, few data are available regarding effects on mRNA expression of cytokines or other inflammatory genes such as...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:21

... matrix fragments induce inflammatory gene expression in alveolar macrophages and airway epithelial cells [19] HA fragments induce the expression of a wide array of inflammatory genes in such as MIP-1α, ... induced inflammatory gene expression Furthermore, we demonstrate that ROS synergize with HA fragments to induce inflammatory gene expression Since ROS are involved in both the generation of HA ... further supports the specificity of the HA fragments to induce the inflammatory genes and thus, the inhibitory effect of DMSO The inhibition of HA fragment induced genes by DMSO was not due to increased...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:22

... luciferin, and expression of the transgene (luciferase) detected by bioluminescent imaging at one hour after administration of luciferin The injected joints clearly showed the expression of luciferase, ... clearly showed the expression of luciferase, as indicated by the green luminescent color and the expression of luciferase could be detected as late as 18 days post injection By day 21 the green ... a transgene carried by the adenoviral vector gene can be efficiently transferred into the joints and a sustained release of expression can be successfully achieved Figure Localization of adenovirus-expressed...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 14:22

... Sam68ΔC Understanding regulation of Understanding regulation of HIV-1 gene expression by Sam68ΔC (A) Following transcription, HIV-1 RNA undergoes alternative splicing to generate over 40 mRNAs that ... selective repression of Nef expression may require a different mechanism than that outlined by Marsh et al Inhibition of Nef expression was reported to be associated with the accumulation of nef mRNA ... the pathogenesis of this virus Acknowledgements I wish to thank Mark McNally for all of his constructive suggestions in the preparation of this commentary Research by A.C is supported by operating...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:20

... Depletion of eIF5A by siRNA inhibits gene expression from Depletion of eIF5A by siRNA inhibits gene expression from HIV-1 molecular clone A Depletion of eIF5A 293T cells were transfected with 50 nM of ... C Figure Inhibition of gene expression by CPX and DEF is promoter specific Inhibition of gene expression by CPX and DEF is promoter specific A-C Inhibition is independent of Tat Total RNA was ... Inhibition of gene expression from HIV-1 molecular clones To explore the mechanism whereby CPX and DEF inhibit HIV gene expression, we first examined the specificity of their effect on the expression...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 23:22

... different experiments in terms of variation in the phase angles of peaking of gene expression in different individual cells Thus, given a particular variation in gene expression in different cells, ... particular pattern of gene expression during the cell cycle (something, I may add, that I am skeptical of at the start – that is, I am skeptical of whether there are a large number of genes with cell-cycle ... synchronized Synchronized divisions are the sine qua non of synchrony Criteria for successful analysis of gene expression during the division cycle 12) Gene expression results should be replicated (with...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... the wealth of information on gene up-regulation by ROS, little attention has been paid to the down-regulation of gene expression by ROS In this thesis, we have studied how two important genes, estrogen ... REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION The regulation of gene expression is the control of the level and timing of appearance of the functional product of a gene A shift in the redox balance in the cell ... of ERα as a redox regulated gene 172 4.1.4 ROS-induced suppression of ERα gene expression: Possible development of ERα-negative breast cancer phenotype 178 viii 4.2 REDOX REGULATION OF...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 15:49

... Holmberg, 2000) One example of Nhp6p regulating gene transcription by affecting the recruitment of transcription factors is the expression of S cerevisiae HO gene The HO gene encodes an endonuclease ... Introduction Expression of protein-coding genes in eukaryotic cells is tightly related to environmental stimulation, life cycle of the organisms and genetics of the species Transcription of protein-coding ... required for gene transcription are part of gene expression machines (GEMs) (Maniatis and Reed, 2002) in the nuclear periphery and uninduced genes are located in the centre of the nucleus Upon gene induction,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:08

... proteins 1.3 Genetic perturbation and genomic approaches to understand ES cell biology 1.3.1 Alteration of gene expression by genetic perturbation 1.3.2 Genomic approaches to study gene expression ... mapping of Esrrb binding sites 3.4.3 Distribution of Esrrb binding and gene expression profiling 3.4.4 Functional relevance of the target genes 3.4.4.1 Esrrb binds to ES cell-associated genes 3.4.4.2 ... regions of the Sall4 gene in ES cells 106 Figure 3.24 Esrrb binds to Oct4 gene in ES cells 107 Figure 3.25 The regulation of Esrrb on ES cell-associated genes 108 Figure 3.26 Expression profiles of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:19

... inhibition of NHE-1 gene expression mediated by H2O2 222  4.2  ROLE OF CASPASES AND IN THE INHIBITION OF NHE-1 EXPRESSION BY MILD OXIDATIVE STRESS 225  4.3  IRON AND THE ACTIVATION OF ... inhibition of NHE-1 gene expression by H2O2 at different time points 118  Figure 17: Reducing agent βME but not pan-caspases inhibitor z-VAD rescues the inhibition of NHE-1 gene expression by thiol-oxidant ... Chelating of iron by DFO inhibits the repression of NHE-1 promoter mediated by H2O2 145  Figure 31: Chelating of iron by DFO prevent the increase of caspases and activities mediated by H2O2...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:50