... 6-currency indices since April 1993 up to September 2005 are provided in Tables 50 and 51 of the December issue of RBI Bulletin Table 4: Indices of RealEffectiveExchangeRate (REER) and Nominal Effective ... cent in 2004-05 The increase in India’s trade with China has been more pronounced in the last four years The inclusion of China and Hong Kong SAR reflects an increasing recognition of the Indian ... Chinese yuan and the Hong Kong Dollar The rapid growthin India’s foreign trade with China and Hong Kong in the recent years has been the underlying factor for including these two countries in...
... China Rural-to-urban migration and urbanization in India are far less extensive and slower than in China Literacy and educational attainment in India trail far behind the progress in China India’s ... died in 1976, and soon thereafter new economic reforms were instituted, reducing the role of central planning in China’s economy and expanding the role of markets and private enterprise China’s ... increasing total cost of healthcare in China and the increase in private spending on healthcare In a study of the economic consequences of aging in China, Cai and Wang 11 find that "[u]nder the circumstance...
... Introduction i Access to Finance andEconomicGrowthin Egypt ii Access to Finance andEconomicGrowthin Egypt Introduction iii Middle East and North African Region Access to Finance andEconomic ... Savings Industry Potentials for Growth E Developing the Mortgage Finance Market F Increasing the Financial Leasing Industry’s Contributions to Access G Developing the Factoring Industry H Improving ... Limits—Life Insurers in Egypt Assets and Investments in Egypt Insurance Investment Allocation in Egypt Private Pension Investment Allocation in Egypt Investment Approach of the Contractual Savings Industry...
... Introduction i Access to Finance andEconomicGrowthin Egypt ii Access to Finance andEconomicGrowthin Egypt Introduction iii Middle East and North African Region Access to Finance andEconomic ... Savings Industry Potentials for Growth E Developing the Mortgage Finance Market F Increasing the Financial Leasing Industry’s Contributions to Access G Developing the Factoring Industry H Improving ... Limits—Life Insurers in Egypt Assets and Investments in Egypt Insurance Investment Allocation in Egypt Private Pension Investment Allocation in Egypt Investment Approach of the Contractual Savings Industry...
... in India In addition, Masih and Masih (1996, 1997) found the existence of cointegration between energy and GDP in India, Pakistan and Indonesia, but non-cointegration in Malaysia, Singapore and ... The test results indicated a uni-directional causality running from energy to income in India and Indonesia, and a bi-directional causality in Thailand and the Philippines Aqeel and Butt (2001) ... consumption and GDP Asafu-Adjaye (2000) tested the causal relationship between energy use and income in four Asian countries (including India, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines) using the ECM...
... provinces and districts to the more vibrant economy of Ho Chi Minh City In the Central Highlands and Agriculture andEconomicGrowthin Vietnam 14 C PETER TIMMER the North, investments in infrastructure ... right, but low inflation rates also make it easier to maintain an export oriented exchangerate Fiscal Policy and Inflation Controlling inflation is essential to sustained growth Rapid inflation shortens ... approach, and direct interventions in marketing would then shrink to a minor role Marketing Infrastructure After two decades of declining support in many Asian countries for public investment in the...
... Promoting economicgrowth Investing in education and training, improving the quality of human resource Encouraging savings and investment Stepping up the global integration process Implementing incentives ... contributes to improving economicgrowthin Vietnam, increasing efficiency in utilizing domestic investment resources; assisting the economic restructuring process towards industrialization and modernization; ... two-way interaction between FDI andeconomicgrowth indicators The process of FDI increase displays an inertia characteristics in itself and can maintain inertial momentum for years; the growth rate...
... diminishing effect of SME on the economicgrowthand used the (SME)2 to demonstrate the possible non – linear influence and assuming that an increase in SME would lead to a positive economicgrowth ... role in the economicgrowthand development, especially in aspects of creating jobs, labor income, economic structural changes through developing new industrial bases and/ or supporting industries, ... role in the economicgrowthand development, especially in aspects of creating jobs, labor income, economic structural changes through developing new industrial bases and/ or supporting industries,...
... between economicgrowthand FDI inflows: For instance, the Granger causality test does not find that Singapore has a significantly different pattern in the causal link between GDP growthand FDI inflows ... influence of FDI on economicgrowth Choe (2003) also examines the causality of FDI and Gross Domestic Investment (GDI) andeconomicgrowth by applying the panel VAR model He argues that GDI rates ... relationship to economicgrowthIn his empirical study, he tests Granger causality between FDI inflow and GDI rates and GDP growth From a sample of 80 countries comprising high income OECD countries and...
... magnitude in which education relates and contributes to economicgrowthand performance The links between education andeconomicgrowth could happen in many ways The links are also likely to involve ... carried out using an interdisciplinary approach considering that various factors simultaneously affecting economicgrowthand 16 education (combining economics, politics, history4 and maybe other ... and attracting and yielding an increasing number of students and graduates As shown in Table 2-1, natural and medical sciences have attained a considerable portion of students and graduates in...
... economic policies tend to increase R&D and to maintain higher growth According to the findings of the thesis, government institutions and external openness are complementary determinants of economic ... help in understanding growth issues in poor economies However, some recent developments have generated insights more relevant in explaining growthin underdeveloped economies Ideas Pertinent ... of economicgrowth for explaining the path to prosperity As a result, numerous determinants of economicgrowth have been established in macroeconomic growth theory and policy There has seemingly...
... Choice andEconomicGrowthin Developing Countries”, Chinese Economic Quarterly, (in Chinese), Vol 5, No 4, (Jul, 2006), pp 985-1006 Lin, Justin Yifu, Pengfei Zhang “Development Strategy andEconomic ... costly and the cost of innovation is increasing in its capital, thus creating a tradeoff between investment in capital and capital-intensity In Zuleta and Young (2007), however, both the investment ... Combining (19) and (23) with (14) and (15) implies the wage rateand interest rate satisfy w N 1 r (1 ) N K1 1 L1 K1 1 L1 (24) (25) Substituting (24) and (25) into...
... translated into action The launch events included advocacy training for women entrepreneurs and a subregional training event on gender and economics Following the launch, the findings of Gender andEconomic ... Kenya’s economicgrowth is constrained because insecure land rights can limit women from making the necessary investments into their land to increase its productivity andeconomic value Increasing ... National Land Policy Secretariat, Kenya Land Alliance, FIDA Moderate/medium term Ministry of Lands and Housing, NCHR Moderate/medium term Land and property rights Land and property rights Land and...
... problem in developing countries in general andin SSA in particular; revises the theoretical explanations regarding the impact of external debt on economic growth; and summarizes the findings of ... countries at nominal interest rates that were initially below the growthrate of real exports On the other hand, oil importing developing countries were facing rising oil import bills and current account ... pursued inappropriate fiscal and trade policies accompanied by acceleration of borrowing and excessive goverrunent spending High income inequality and severe political instability mainly in Latin...
... Remittance Receiptsand other Growth Indicators in Guinea… …….46 2.7: Remittance Receiptsand other Growth Indicators in Djibouti …… …47 2.8: Remittance Receiptsand other Growth Indicators in Lesotho ... Remittance Receiptsand other Growth Indicators in Kenya ………….40 2.4: Remittance Receiptsand other Growth Indicators in Botswana ………42 2.5: Remittance Receiptsand other Growth Indicators in Cameroon… ... be one-off and may not lead to rapid and sustained growth unless translated into investment in productive capacity, including physical and human infrastructure Every economy (including those of...
... financial development is closely linked with economicgrowth Anwar and Nguyen (2009) examined the link between financial development andeconomicgrowth by using a panel data covering 61 provinces ... has a fixed exchangerate regime, increasing in the demand for foreign exchange may increase deficit in its balance of payments In contrast, if the host country has flexible exchange rates, the ... Examine the impact of FDI on economicgrowthin Asian developing countries (2) Investigate the role of financial development in FDI -Growth nexus m Asian developing countries The research findings...
... Investment, exports, andeconomicgrowthin Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam: Descriptive and Comparative Analysis 19 Foreign direct investment, exports, andeconomicgrowthin Malaysia 19 and ... sustained economicgrowth with high ratein the long run According to Todaro and Smith (2003), Malaysia and Thailand have been successful in increasing exports and attracting foreign direct investment ... between exports andeconomicgrowth As commonly perceived exports andeconomicgrowth can have correlation each other and exports are a vital factor in promoting economicgrowthin developing countries...
... Selden, T M., “Stoking the fires? CO2 emissions andeconomicgrowth , Journal of Public Economics, 57 (1995), 85-101 [3] Roberts, J T., & Grimes, P E., “Carbon intensity andeconomic development ... andEconomicGrowthin China”, Ecological Economics, 68 (2009) 10, 2706-12 [7] Lee, C.C., Chiu, Y & Sun, C., “Does One Size Fit All? A Reexamination of the Approach”, Review of Agricultural Economics, ... R., Economicgrowthand CO2 emissions: The ECM analysis”, Journal of International Studies, (2015) 3, 91-98 [19] Pao, H T & Tsai C M., “CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption andEconomicGrowth in...
... relationship between growth of export andgrowth of investment in developing countries in the 1960s Export growth also in other way increases the efficiency of investment, resulting in a lower incremental ... output, growthrate of labor, growthrate of capital, andgrowthrate of exports a) Export Instability (Ix;J In order to examine the relationship between export instability andeconomic growth, ... then wages, maybe leading to inflation Thus the combination of an appreciation of nominal exchangerateand domestic price inflation result in a rise in the realexchange rate, which reduces the...
... capacity and signals the migrants’ confidence in the economic prospects for New Zealand But to support sustainable increases in standards of living, productivity must increase Increases in productivity ... important role in 24 25 estimating income andin imputing output Advances in information processing technology will make use of administrative data more effective The small size of New Zealand may make ... slowdown in the rate of technological progress in New Zealand instead of the increase seen in the United States and elsewhere Though there is not evidence of an acceleration in productivity growth in...