production of oxyethylated fatty acid methyl esters

... JT 80:20 = Blend of 80 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 20 % of tallow oil methyl ester by volume, JP 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 50 % of palm oil methyl ester by ... 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 50 % of tallow oil methyl ester by volume, SFCt 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of sunflower oil methyl ester and 50 % of coconut oil methyl ester ... International Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 3, 2010, pp.411-430 415 Table Fatty acid methyl composition of different biodiesel fuels Fatty acid methyl ester composition...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... inhibitor of fatty acid synthase Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97, 34503454 Rendina AR & Chend D (2005) Characterization of the inactivation of rat fatty acid synthase by C-75: inhibition of partial ... biology of type II fatty acid biosynthesis Annu Rev Biochem 74, 791831 Chirala SS, Jayajumar A, Gu ZW & Wajil SJ (2001) Human fatty acid synthase: role of interdomain in the formation of catalytically ... inhibitor of human fatty acid synthase Enzymatic mode of inhibition Table Summary of inhibition patterns caused by GSK837149A on the KR reaction catalyzed by FAS With the aim of nding the mode of inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... affinity with fatty acids, have evolved to assist the transportation of fatty acids in aqueous environments Serum albumin is one of such proteins, which binds a variety of fatty acids and is responsible ... holo-liver fatty acid binding protein 14 2.1.2.2 Structural studies on apo-liver fatty acid binding protein 15 2.1.3 A brief summary 15 2.2 Characterization of the dynamics of fatty acid binding ... acknowledged II TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TABLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview of the fatty acid binding protein...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:59

... polyunsaturated fatty acids * TFA: trans fatty acids * MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids The amount of total TFA in the samples ranged from 0.16% to 0.83% of total fatty acid with the mean of 0.38% ... polyunsaturated fatty acids * TFA: trans fatty acid* MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids negligible proportions of trans fatty acids, bothwith monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids These ... PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids * MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids * TFA: trans fatty acids * tc: traceal 818 Fatty acid composition including trans fatty acids content of selected Vietnamese...

Ngày tải lên: 28/08/2013, 16:28

... Acid Methyl Esters Mix (47080-U, SUPELCO, USA); and kinds of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) These standards were used to obtain 56 kinds of fatty acids Therefore, the contents of each fatty acid ... Analysis of fatty acids The methods of Meziane and Tsuchiya (2000) were used for the extraction of lipids A gas chromatograph (GC-17A; Shimadzu, Japan) was used for the analysis Fatty acid methyl esters ... quantity of lipid, the content ratios of all the fatty acids, and the ratio of each fatty acid RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characteristics of carbon stable isotope in Z japonica The mean δ13C of Z japonica...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:17

... principal fatty acid components of such fats are palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids Gac is somewhat unusual in having a higher proportion of linoleic acid, and given the similar percentage of the ... of the three fatty acids, may also have a limited distribution of TAG species The oil of gac aril also has been reported to have significant amounts of Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids (21), ... obviates the production of trans fatty acids that result from partial hydrogenation of liquid oils to obtain a solid fat Carotenoid Profile For carotenoid analyses, we chose three of the ripest...

Ngày tải lên: 09/02/2014, 00:08

... further investigation A number of recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that different forms of fatty acids exert remarkably different effects Exposure of a variety of cell types, including ... saturated fatty acids (SFAs) led to increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibition of insulin signaling, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and promotion of cell death, ... cell death Exposure of HepG2 cells to 0.3 mm of the SFA stearate (18:0), but not to the monounsaturated fatty acid 520 oleate (18:1, cis), induced a transient inhibition of cell proliferation...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... [25] The formation of the fatty acid complex is accompanied by the emergence of a welldefined water molecule within hydrogen bond distance of His333 Ne (Fig 3A,B) Structures of KAS I H298E and ... phosphopantetheine arm of ACP to its active site cysteine (Scheme 1) With the use of ACP carrying 3H-labeled myristate (C14 fatty acid) , this transfer can be readily monitored with the aid of a size-exclusion ... only 58% and 35% of their activity at 22 °C At best, a trace of activity (< 0.1% of that of the wild-type) was detected for the other four mutants For all six mutants, adding of additional KAS...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... estimation of the extracellular fatty acids In addition, we determined the amount of lipid-bound fatty acids to cover all major pools of fatty acids (Fig 1B,D) The amount of cellular free fatty acids ... (square)] (D) Concentration of fatty acids in the pools of free fatty acids in the media (diamonds), of free fatty acids in the cells (square) and of esterified fatty acids (triangle) The error ... decrease of extracellular fatty acids Therefore, besides the import of exogenous fatty acids, additional release of internal fatty acids had to contribute to the increase of intracellular fatty acids...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... uptake of fatty acids across the plasma membrane and transport to various subcellular organelles, (b) modulation of the activity of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism, (c) protection of enzymes ... membranes from the detergent effects of excess fatty acids by sequestering them, and (d) modulation of cell growth and differentiation by transport of fatty acids to the nucleus where they activate ... Spener F (2004) Fatty acid- binding proteins – insights from genetic manipulations Prog Lipid Res 43, 328–349 Storch J & Thumser AEA (2000) The fatty acid transport function of fatty acid- binding...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... docosatetraenoic acid, was added to Fig Gas chromatography analysis of fatty acid methyl esters from yeast expressing Leishmania major Lm07.1090 with exogenous substrate 20:3 n-6 Cultures of yeast strain ... Identification of two novel microalgal enzymes involved in the conversion of the omega3 -fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, into docosahexaenoic acid Biochem J 384, 357–366 Chu FL, Lund ED, Harvey E & Adlof ... feeding experiment was repeated at least twice, and the results of a representative experiment are shown Analysis of fatty acid methyl esters was performed by using a SE-30 column, as described in...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... 50 °C, h) Analysis of the fatty acids as methyl esters by GC-MS revealed that exogenous linoleate had been converted to calendate to the extent of  1% of total cellular fatty acids, a result similar ... conditions identical to that of the trial experiment The deuterium content of the olefinic fatty acid methyl esters in the cellular lipid extract Ó FEBS 2002 Fig Isotopomers of used to probe the kinetic ... scheme showing the stepwise removal of hydrogens in fatty acid (1,2)-desaturation Structure of the putative diiron oxidizing species is speculative For fatty acid analysis, yeast pellets were saponified...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... acids, intracellular targeting of fatty acids to specific organelles and metabolic pathways, and the protection of cellular structures from the detergent effects of fatty acids [10–14] Although different ... function(s) of FABPs [7–9], but our understanding of the precise physiological role(s) of FABPs remains elusive Proposed physiological roles for FABPs include the uptake and utilization of fatty acids, ... observation is consistent with the hypothesis of ‘large-scale gene duplication in fishes’ [39–45] 36 hpf dpf A C Ofv Ofv B D Ofv Ofv Fig Spatiotemporal distribution of fabp10b gene transcripts in zebrafish...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... particular type of fatty acid predominating in the oil, but also contained a complex mixture of other fatty acids, as occurs in vivo As might be expected, the fatty acid composition of CRLPs containing ... Eastleigh, UK) For analysis of the fatty acid composition of TG in the CRLPs, TG were transmethylated using sodium methoxide in methanol (0.5%), and the resulting fatty acid methyl esters were analysed ... differential rates of uptake of CRLPs of different fatty acid compositions by macrophages observed in the present study is due to differences in the oxidative state of the particles Evaluation of the lipid...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... acid methyl esters of total lipids from chloroform extracts of yeast cells were prepared by alkaline transmethylation using mL of 0.1 M sodium methoxide for at 90 °C Preparation of methyl esters ... added fatty acids into their lipids In absence of exogenous fatty acids, the yeast expressing the C alpina acetylenase gene converted up to 0.65% of their fatty acids into 18:2 in a ratio of D12(E) ... shown that epoxy fatty acid production in A thaliana severely inhibits formation of linoleate and that the degree of inhibition is correlated with the levels of the epoxy fatty acids accumulated...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... degradation of fatty acids and alkanes; metabolization of these latter compounds is inherently coupled to fatty acid degradation because the conversion of alkanes to fatty acids is The role of P450 ... experiments with fatty acids, it was suggested that CYP110 is related to fatty acid x-oxidation of saturated and (poly)unsaturated fatty acids and subsequent formation of dicarboxylic acids which ... involvement of P450s supposed to hydroxylate alkanes and ⁄ or fatty acids Fatty acid degradation – omega oxidation Although cytochrome P450s not intervene in the degradation of fatty acids in the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

... changed by any of the four types of CRLPs Effect of the fatty acid composition of CRLPs on COX-2 mRNA expression The effect of CRLPs of varying fatty acid composition on expression of COX-2, an ... fatty acid composition of the particles modulates this effect Earlier studies on the effects of free fatty acids on NF-jB activity in macrophages have also suggested that different types of fatty ... mixture of fatty acids which reflects the composition of the parent oils and of physiological CMR derived from them [28] The triacylglycerol ⁄ total cholesterol ratio in the four types of CRLPs...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

... unsaturated fatty acid (oleic acid) , but not in those cultured with stearic acid (a saturated fatty acid) or ATRA (Fig 5E–G) Lipid droplet formation was always observed in the presence of oleic acid ... compartmentalization of intracellular fatty acid storage, and also in fatty acidinduced regulation of gene expression (for review, see [1]) However, the biochemical role of these proteins in ... amino -acid sequence of plFABP, as well as that of pmFABP, shows identity with vertebrate CRABPs and FABPs of 35–45% and similarity of 20– 25%, some of which are shown in Fig However, comparison of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:21

... stimulation of Rv1264 by added fatty acids (see above) In light of the data Mycobacterium tuberculosis AC Rv2212 Fig Models of stimulation of Rv2212 by fatty acids (A) Schematic representation of Rv2212 ... the presence of certain fatty acids and the intracellular pH The cytoplasmic concentration of free fatty acids in M tuberculosis is unknown Free fatty acids are the substrate for fatty acyl-AMP ... explain the pH dependence of the effect of fatty acids One possibility is that fatty acids bind at any pH but activate only at lower pH values The other possibility is that fatty acids neither bind...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... presence of 100 nM ÔcoldÕ leptin (data of the ÔcoldÕ leptin experiment with CHP100 cells were superimposable to those of U937 cells, and were omitted for the sake of clarity) Western blot analysis of ... were increased by treatment of U937 cells, but not of CHP100 cells, for 24 h with lM progesterone (Fig 3B) Quantitative analysis of phospho-STAT3 and of total Ikaros isoforms by ELISA corroborated ... onto the gel [28], and equal loading of extracts was verified by Ponceau staining [13] Cytosolic levels of phospho-STAT3 and nuclear levels of total Ikaros isoforms were quantified by ELISA, performed...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20