probing the plasma membrane structure of immune cells by electron microscopy

... tobacco cells, could be caused by changes in the membrane lipids Plasma membranes were therefore isolated from control cells and CM-treated cells (Additional file 2) The total amount of membrane ... inactivation and by the presence of the cellulase inhibitor cellobiose Further, the effect of inhibitors excludes the possibility of alamethicin resistance being elicited by any of the small known ... in the microsomal fractions, from which the plasma membranes were isolated (results not shown) The most common membrane lipid fatty acid in the plasma membrane of both control and CM-treated cells...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... released into the synaptic cleft by fusion of DA storage vesicles with the plasma membrane DA is then transported back into the pre-synaptic neuron via the plasma membrane DA transporter (DAT) The cytosolic ... stimulates the membrane expression of DAT A potential effect of p25a on DAT function was addressed by expressing DAT alone and in the presence of p25a in HEK-293-MSR cells To validate the specificity of ... cytosolic concentration of DA The low level of DA is thought to be maintained by a regulated balance between the functional levels of plasma membrane DAT and vesicular VMAT-2 The protein a-synuclein...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20

... but further enhances the activity of the enzyme whose C-terminus has been displaced by low pH or by FC-induced binding of 14-3-3s Results The C-terminus of isoform of the PM H+-ATPase of A thaliana ... to study the mechanism of action of PPI1 The analysis of the pH dependence of PPI1induced activation of the H+-ATPase showed that stimulation decreases dramatically with the increase of pH above ... PPI1588His6 The analysis of the effect of PPI1588His6 on the dependence of PM H+-ATPase activity on the concentration of MgATP (Fig 3) showed that stimulation decreased with the increase of PPI1588His6...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... mammalian cells [9], the SCC reaction is the rate-determining step in progesterone synthesis in yeast The yeast SCC system offers the possibility of increasing or decreasing the availability of the ... including the effect of the steroid products on the yeast sterol synthesis pathway, acetylation of the product, availability of the substrate, electron flow and localization of the different protein ... mimics mammalian adrenal cells in these respects The quantity of steroid produced is controlled by the availability and mobility of the substrate together with the concentration of Adxp Unexpectedly,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... in the plasma membrane by electron microscopy [5] We not know the function of this class of closed caveolae, but obvious possibilities are vesicular transport between the Golgi and plasma membrane, ... diameter [5] By labelling intact cells with ruthenium red, which is electron dense and does not permeate the plasma membrane, and examination by electron microscopy we have demonstrated that these caveolae ... oleoyl-[3H]cholesterol by TLC In Table we have summarized the composition of the three subclasses of caveolae The three classes of caveolae were isolated from purified plasma membranes None of the three caveolae...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 13:20

... K+-ATPase in the plasma membrane of mammalian cells To confirm the interaction of acetylated tubulin with H+-ATPase and the presence of the H+-ATPase–acetylated tubulin complex in membranes of glucose-starved ... [5] These cells are referred to as ‘glucosestarved cells Yeast plasma membrane preparation Plasma membranes were isolated by a modification of the method of Villalba et al [16] Briefly, yeast cells ... during the in vitro procedure, the amount of HAT in membranes from glucose-treated cells would be the same as that from glucose-untreated cells The possibility that the presence of glucose during the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... surface of the cells, flip-flop across the plasma membrane, accumulation of dye in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane and release into the cell interior The initial binding of dye to the cells, ... as a result of dye moving within the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane The lipid core of the plasma membrane constitutes the main barrier to TMRM transport across the membrane and the mitochondria ... leaflet of the membrane to the aqueous medium rather than to the extracellular leaflet [12,13] The question remains as to whether the release of drugs from the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 08:20

... drug-resistant cells In the absence of the uncoupler, the dye TMRM accumulated in the mitochondria of K562 cells The amount of TMRM taken up by the cells was high, and the time course of the efflux ... the headgroups of the phospholipids at the outer surface of the plasma membrane [20–22] The membrane characteristics relevant to the effect of the anesthetics on MDR are probably located at the ... the anesthetics benzyl alcohol, propofol, chloroform and diethyl ether reversed the resistance by acceleration of the passive transport of the drug or dye across the plasma membrane At these concentrations,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... association with the generative cell until the end of stage IV When callose disappeared after the end of stage IV, neither the generative cell nor the two sperm cells during further pollen maturation ... bold and of less appearance in subscribed letters plasma membrane by N-terminal acylation, likely myristoylation To study the structural basis of ZmPti1a being targeted to the plasma membrane ... stages of pollen development were studied to further investigate the co-localization of callose and ZmPti1a:GFP The first indication of cell plate deposition in the equatorial region of the phragmoplast...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... signaling in PC12 cells 163 4.2.10.1 The role of GSK3 in the PACAP-induced neurite outgrowth and the influence of plasma membrane glycosphingolipid 169 4.2.10.2 The effect of perturbation of lipid rafts/caveolae ... hypothalamus, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and granule cells of the cerebellum) (Spengler et al 1993) The presence of PAC1R has also been reported in various components of the immune system ... receptor isoforms are generated by alternate splicing of the PAC1R mRNA The splice variants are determined by the absence (short variant) or presence of either one or two cassettes consisting of 28...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2015, 08:16

... concert to maintain the integrity of the immune system Cells of the immune system originate from their hemapoietic progenitors in the bone marrow Some cells leave the bone marrow after they were created, ... Myeloid Cells form a Major Arm of Innate Immunity The cellular component in innate immunity formed by myeloid cells is a major arm of the innate immune system The generation of immune cells through ... migrate to other sites such as the thymus and mature into effector cells Many of the immune cells mature in the bone marrow before migration to their respective sites in the body where they guard...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 11:59

... 1.6 Design of the Study The paper is designed in four chapters Chapter one: The introduction presents the rationale of the study, the aims of the study, scope of the study, methods of the study, ... most of the themes in the text belong to topical theme Of 33 clauses and clause complexes 27 have unmarked theme and have marked theme Using a proper noun at the beginning of the text, then the ... called Theme and Rheme The Theme served as the point of departure of the message (Halliday 1994:37), which in English coincides with the initial element(s) of the clause; and the Rheme is the remainder...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:48

... describing the state of being of the things under the observation of the astronauts in the new planet Most of the processes are in the simple past tense (25/36) They are used in the narrative portion The ... Subject The spaceship The planet They There The spaceship The two astronauts The woman It She We It Both of them They All plants and Animals They They Everything The man Nothing Something He I The ... What Table The Theme-Rheme Pattern of the Text Clause Textual Interpersonal Theme Topical Theme Theme Markedness of Theme I The spaceship unmarked II the planet unmarked III They unmarked There unmarked...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 20:20

... superimposed on the X-ray structure (dark blue colour) and (B) structure alignment of the fragment 4–7 of the 13 ensemble structures of AII to the fragment 3–6 of the X-ray structure of AII Residue ... sequence and structure alignment Residue number range in the X-ray structure of AII Fig (A) Sequence alignment of the fragment 4–7 of the backbone of the 13 ensemble solution structures of AII (brown ... alignment of the two structures by using the program Profit1.8 Remarkably, the superposition of the solution state and the bound structure of AII exhibits small RMSD positional differences between the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... particular, if fij > then we interpret that the node j activates the node i by increasing the net rate of xi and if fij < then the node j inhibits the node i We note that the dynamics of the system in ... combination of signs in those Àintervals Á _ ab as in Fig 1B by computing the signs of Dx1 t1 and À ab Á Dxj t1 ð j ¼ 1; 2Þ Finally, we can identify the sign of f12 by integrating all these results On the ... interaction’) for the unknown sign of fij We can then obtain the feasible network signs (FNS) at xi by excluding the INS from the all network signs (ANS) as a complementary set of the INS in ANS...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... effects of EBI compounds on the plasma membrane H+-ATPase of U maydis Furthermore, the utilization of two different targets in the same biosynthetic route permitted us not only the confirmation of the ... In our system, the modification of the fatty acid moieties was provoked by the presence of abnormal sterols plus, in the case of EBI-treated sporidia, other collateral effects of these compounds ... changes in the plasma membrane 18 : 2/18 : ratio followed the inhibition of growth rate, which was influenced not only by the biosynthetic point affected but also by the method used [21] These changes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 22:20

... °C Then cells were harvested and the presence of R24 antibody analyzed by western blot The expression of Sial-T2–hemagglutinin (GD3 synthetase) in the same membrane was analyzed as a control of ... back to the plasma membrane in the absence of the crosslinker Alternatively, clathrin independent recycling pathways may also be involved in the recycling of molecules to the plasma membrane, ... in the plasma membrane probably by a shift in the equilibrium in the absence of a significant concentration of free antibody in the medium However, this appears improbable, as we showed that the...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 13:20

... towards enzymatic proteolysis is the arrangement of the scissile peptide bond of the substrate in the catalytic pocket of the protease The ability of serine proteases from the chymotrypsin family to ... by the bulkiness of the p-nitroanilide group at the C-terminal of the scissile bond in these substrates, which can inuence cleavage efciency As for matriptase-2, of 18 IQF peptides based on the ... whereas the other three TTSPs contained the complete extracellular domain Although it is unlikely that the lack of the stem region of matriptase will impact on the overall enzymatic activity, these...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:21

... rather on the regions initiating or impairing insertion of a segment in the membrane Therefore, in the case of M8 where the length of the M8 recombinant peptide is probably shorter than that of ... rather low for much of their C-terminal portion Transmembrane topology predictions The transmembrane topology of PMA1_NEUCR was predicted from the amino acid sequence by averaging the results of ... hypothesis, we therefore applied the same approach to the high-resolution structure of bacteriorhodopsin and the closely related structure of halorhodopsin, which are the two highest resolution structures...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... through the OprM channel These results suggest that the protease treatment rendered the channel open probably by affecting the gate structure of OprM One may argue that the activation of the OprM ... Inset: effect of the amount of OprM on the diffusion rates of glycine The proteoliposomes were prepared from the appropriate amount of OprM and the diffusion rates of glycine through these liposomes ... 6, the protease treatment caused no digestion of the OprM protein Next, we suspended the cells in the presence of EDTA to permeabilize the outer membrane, and then added a-chymotrypsin to the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21