principle of mathematical induction and its simple applications

... maintaining a given rate of biomass production at a minimum of the total flux. Insofar, the principle of maximal biomass production is a special case of the more general principle of flux minimization. ... sum of P – pyridine nucleotides (NDP ¼ NADP + NADPH 2 ); and G, s um of oxidized and reduced glutathione (G ¼ GSH + GSSG/2). Detailed r ate equations, b inding equlibria and kinetic parameters of ... reac tants. For example, the standard free energy change of the glyco- Ó FEBS 2004 Flux minimization (Eur. J. Biochem. 271) 2907 The principle of flux minimization and its application to estimate stationary...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

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Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 02:20

... despite its inhospitable atmosphere! Evolution of the Earth Evolution of the Earth and its Atmosphere and its Atmosphere Evolution of the Earth Evolution of the Earth and its ... above the ocean surface.) Evolution of the Earth Evolution of the Earth and its Atmosphere and its Atmosphere The Earth and its The Earth and its Atmosphere Today Atmosphere Today Planetary ... ultraviolet radiation and high levels of methane. ultraviolet radiation and high levels of methane. Evolution of the Earth Evolution of the Earth and its Atmosphere and its Atmosphere ...

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Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 00:40

... localization of cystatin F, its restricted and readily regulated expres- sion [18], selective and not too potent inhibition of cathepsins are all in favor of the active role of cystatin F in processes of ... lowered affinity of cyst- atin F for these enzymes. Proline in the S 2 site is a fea- ture of human stefin A and cystatins F, S and SN, all of which are significantly less potent inhibitors of cath- epsin ... 100-fold stronger inhibition of cathepsins F, L, and V than of cathepsin S. Cathepsin S is closely related to other endopeptidases of the papain-like enzyme family, and its crystal structure contains...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 17:20

... understanding and will be the focus and repeating theme throughout the text. A sound understanding of cardiac physiology begins with basic understanding of cardiac anatomy and of the physiology of muscular ... understanding of the heart as a muscular pump and of the interaction between the heart and the vasculature. The concepts of contractility, preload and afterload are paramount to this understanding ... observations of Frank and of Starling form one of the basic concepts of cardiovascular physiology that is referred to as the Frank-Starling Law of the Heart: cardiac performance (its ability...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... for their judgments of GS, EM, and SVM output sen- tences and the gold standard in terms of grammat- icality (how fluent the compression is) and impor- tance (how much of the meaning of and impor- tant ... tree pair and each of its source nodes i, and update its alignment by selecting between and within two choices: (a) unaligned, (b) aligned with some target node j or . The number of possibil- ities ... (Cohn and Lap- ata, 2008). The model chosen for testing had pa- rameter for trade-off between training error and margin set to C = 0.001, used margin rescaling, and Hamming distance over bags of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... unifying the representatives of and , one ( ) for unifying the representatives of and , and one ( ) for unifying the representatives of and . Notice that the set of representatives for must be ... plus a set of universal con- straints, the proof of which is omitted here. In lin- guistic applications, we normally have a set of uni- versal constraints anyway for encoding principles of grammar, ... correctness of frames as a join-preserving en- coding of TFSs thus depends on being able to make sense of the values in these unused positions. The Generalized Encoding of Description Spaces and its...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... intersection of the two word alignments, and then continuously add new links between backbone and hypothesis if and only if both of the two words of the new link are un- aligned and this link ... probability of bigram 1ii ee + ′′ observed in the hypothesis list; () i p e ′ and 1 () i p e + ′ are probabilities of hypothe- sis word i e ′ and 1i e + ′ respectively. In example of Figure ... measures the ratio of minimum number of string edits between a hypothesis and reference where the edits include insertions, deletions, substitu- tions and phrase shifts. The hypothesis is modi- fied...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 01:20

... impression of their music is obvious, and can be heard in any Rock band of today.Unfortunately, the machine that was Led Zeppelin came to a screeching halt on the morning of September 25, 1980. When band ... months of their official debut, Led Zeppelin were at the top of the bill at the Playhouse Theater in London, and the Pop Proms at the Royal Albert Hall in London. On October 17, '69, a year and two ... to the music of black artists such as Muddy Watters, Otis Rush, Otis Redding, and Willie Dixon. Pieces of songs from the 1930s were being worked into their own music, as in their covers of Dixon's...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 21:54

... Since the meaning of a sentence consists of both proposition and rnodality, TM analysis of modality is as indispensable as that of proposition for natural language understanding and machine translation. ... addition of the modality operator. {2) surface modification of the case structure. (3) semantic modification of the case structure. (4) determination of the scope of negation, (5) addition of the ... Japanese sentences. Structure of a Japanese complex sentence can be formalized roughly by iterative concatenation of simple sentences. The simple sentence consists of cases and a predicate. The cases...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

... organization of the protein subunits and pigment molecules within PSII [3]. The arrangement of all the large subunits and most of the small subunits has been assigned, as well as the position of cytochrome ... Comparison of positions of M-type trimers in various types of Arabidopis and spinach PSII– LHCII supercomplexes. (A) Contoured version of the image of Fig. 1A. (B–D) Contoured versions of the images of ... from the overlap of two crystals making an angle, gradually changes. The upper and lower part of the crystal show about the same type of Moire ´ pattern (and thus of the type of overlap), which...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:21

... 1 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea 2 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering and Research Institute of Marine ... of the underlying surface. We present examples which show that our reconstructions of the surface, and estimates of normal and curvature information, are accurate for precise point clouds and ... (b) the initial mesh VNU Journal of Science, Natural Sciences and Technology 24 (2008) 179-185 179 Moving parabolic approximation model of point clouds and its application Zhouwang Yang 1 ,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 10:20

... part, by donors and by the independent research and development provisions of RAND’s contracts for the operation of its U.S. Department of Defense federally funded research and development ... RAND National Security Research Division (NSRD) of the RAND Corporation. NSRD conducts research and analysis for the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the Joint Staff, the Unified Commands, ... EFFECT OF STRESS ON PERFORMANCE AND OTHER OUTCOME MEASURES Although the physiological manifestations of stress are largely identical regardless of the form of the external demand, the effects of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 18:20

... of Mathematical, Cognitive, and Aesthetic Theories of Mind Leonid I. Perlovsky Harvard University New mathematical and cognitive theories of the mind are connected to psychological theories of aesthetics. ... to as the beauty of a scientific theory as a first proof of its validity. This beauty of course requires novelty, and possibly even bewilderment related to novelty and misunderstanding; the positive ... or food. Mathematical modeling made clear the fundamental instinc- tual nature of this mechanism. All mathematical algorithms capa- ble of learning (tens of thousands of publications) use some form of...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20

... form," a string of phonetic units. The derivation consists of a series of cycles. On each cycle, the ordered sequence of rules is ap- plied to every maximal string of units containing no ... (Chapter 9 of Kenstowicz and Kisseberth (1979) contains a less technical sum- maty of the SPE system and a discussion of sub- sequent modifications and emendations to it.) 3.1 Complexity of segmental ... rule is of the form ZXAYW ZXBYW where A and B may be ~b or any unit, A ~ B; X and Y may be matrices (strings of units), and Z and W may be thought of a brack- ets labelled with syntactic...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 18:20