Lecture Notes in Computer Science 6671 Commenced Publication in 1973 Founding and Former Series Editors: Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen TU Dortmund University, Germany Madhu Sudan Microsoft Research, Cambridge, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbruecken, Germany Pierre Soille Martino Pesaresi Georgios K. Ouzounis (Eds.) Mathematical Morphology and Its Applications to Image and Signal Processing 10th International Symposium, ISMM 2011 Verbania-Intra, Italy, July 6-8, 2011 Proceedings 13 Volume Editors Pierre Soille Martino Pesaresi Georgios K. Ouzounis European Commission, Joint Research Centre Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen via Enrico Fermi, 2749, 21027, Ispra (VA), Italy E-mail: {pierre.soille, martino.pesaresi, georgios.ouzounis}@jrc.ec.europa.eu ISSN 0302-9743 e-ISSN 1611-3349 ISBN 978-3-642-21568-1 e-ISBN 978-3-642-21569-8 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-21569-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011928710 CR Subject Classification (1998): I.4.10, I.5.4, C.3, J.3, G.2, I.2.8 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 6 – Image Processing, Computer Vision, Pattern Recognition, and Graphics © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. 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Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface This LNCS volume on Mathematical Morphology and Its Applications to Im- age and Signal Processing contains the full papers accepted for presentation at the 10th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology (ISMM 2011), held in Intra, Italy, 6 th –8 th of July, 2011. ISMM is a biannual event bringing together researchers, students, and practitioners of Mathematical Morphology to present and discuss advances on topics ranging from new theoretical devel- opments to novel applications, solving complex image analysis problems. ISMM was established as the main scientific event in the field and this anniversary edi- tion marked the tenth successful organisation in the series that was initiated in 1993 in Barcelona. The call for papers was answered with 49 submissions. Each submitted paper was peer-reviewed by three referees selected from the Programme Committee. Based on their reviews, a total of 39 papers were accepted for publication in this volume, 27 of which were selected for oral, and 12 for poster presentation. The final programme of ISMM 2011 was divided into nine thematic areas: theory, lat- tices and order, connectivity, image analysis, processing and segmentation, adap- tive morphology, algorithms, remote sensing, visualisation, and applications. The topic of special attention for ISMM 2011 was the adaptation of mor- phological methods for the analysis of geo-spatial data. It shaped the separate section on remote sensing consisting of five contributions, further backed by four papers on the topics of connectivity and algorithms. The symposium programme was enriched by the following three keynote lectures: – “Applications of Discrete Calculus in Computational Science” by Leo Grady (Siemens Corporate Research); – “Morphological Profiles in Classification of Remote Sensing Imagery” by J´on Atli Benediktsson (University of Iceland); – “Mathematical Morphology in Computer Graphics, Scientific Visualization and Visual Exploration” by Jos B.T.M. Roerdink (University of Groningen). ISMM 2011 was organised by the Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC), of the European Commission’s Joint Research Centre in Ispra, Italy. The success of the event is attributed to the joint effort of many individuals. In particular, we wish to thank all the authors who accepted our invitation, the members of the Programme Committee for delivering thorough re- views of the submitted manuscripts, the invited speakers for offering three high- quality lectures, and the Session Chairs for running the symposium smoothly. We wish to acknowledge the IPSC (JRC) for supporting this event, and the VI Preface hotel Il Chiostro, Intra, for facilitating the symposium and taking care of the organisation of the social event. Special thanks go to Ana-Maria Duta (IPSC) for assisting in organisational issues. All submitted material was managed by the online EasyChair conference management system. April 2011 P. Soille, M. Pesaresi, and G.K. Ouzounis Ispra, Italy EC Joint Research Centre ISMM 2011 Organisation ISMM 2011 was organised by the Geo-spatial Information Analysis for Security and Stability Action of the Global Security and Crisis Management Unit, In- stitutefortheProtectionand Security of the Citizen, Joint Research Centre, European Commission. Chairing Committee Pierre Soille EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Martino Pesaresi EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Georgios K. Ouzounis EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Steering Committee Junior Barrera Universidade de S˜ao Paolo, Brazil Isabelle Bloch T´el´ecom ParisTech (ENST), France Renato Keshet HP Labs, Haifa, Israel Petros Maragos National Technical University of Athens, Greece Fernand Meyer Mines ParisTech, Fontainebleau, France Jos B.T.M. Roerdink University of Groningen, The Netherlands Christian Ronse Universit´e de Strasbourg, France Philippe Salembier Universita Polyt`ecnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain Pierre Soille EC Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy Hugues Talbot Universit´e Paris-Est, ESIEE, France Michael H.F. Wilkinson University of Groningen, The Netherlands Local Organising Committee Ana-Maria Duta Georgios K. Ouzounis Martino Pesaresi Pierre Soille Invited Speakers J´on Atli Benediktsson University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland Leo Grady Siemens Corporate Research, Princeton, USA Jos B.T.M. Roerdink University of Groningen, The Netherlands VIII ISMM 2011 Organisation Programme Committee Jes´us Angulo Akira Asano Isabelle Bloch Gunilla Borgefors Michael Buckley Bernhard Burgeth Jocelyn Chanussot Jean Cousty Jos´eCrespo Etienne Decenci`ere Adrian Evans Jacopo Grazzini Thierry G´eraud Lionel Gueguen Allan Hanbury Marcin Iwanowski Andrei Jalba Dominique Jeulin Renato Keshet Ullrich K¨othe S´ebastien Lef`evre Roberto Lotufo Cris L. Luengo Hendriks Beatriz Marcotegui Fernand Meyer Annick Montanvert Laurent Najman Nicolas Passat Jos B.T.M. Roerdink Christian Ronse Philippe Salembier Gabriella Sanniti di Baja Jean Serra Hugues Talbot Iv´an Ramon Terol-Villalobos Erik Urbach Marc Van Droogenbroeck Michel Westenberg Michael Wilkinson Additional Reviewers Pascal Gwosdek Andr´eK¨orbes Benjamin Perret Let´ıcia Rittner Oliver Vogel Table of Contents Theory Sparse Mathematical Morphology Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization 1 Jes´us Angulo and Santiago Velasco-Forero Fuzzy Bipolar Mathematical Morphology: A General Algebraic Setting 13 Isabelle Bloch Image Decompositions and Transformations as Peaks and Wells 25 Fernand Meyer Lattices and Order Grain Building Ordering 37 Jean Serra Orders on Partial Partitions and Maximal Partitioning of Sets 49 Christian Ronse Connective Segmentation Generalized to Arbitrary Complete Lattices 61 Seidon Alsaody and Jean Serra Connectivity Hyperconnections and Openings on Complete Lattices 73 Michael H.F. Wilkinson Toward a New Axiomatic for Hyper-Connections 85 Benjamin Perret, S´ebastien Lef`evre, and Christophe Collet Preventing Chaining through Transitions While Favouring It within Homogeneous Regions 96 Pierre Soille Pattern Spectra from Partition Pyramids and Hierarchies 108 Georgios K. Ouzounis and Pierre Soille Frequent and Dependent Connectivities 120 Lionel Gueguen and Pierre Soille X Table of Contents Image Analysis, Processing, and Segmentation Stochastic Multiscale Segmentation Constrained by Image Content 132 Luc Gillibert and Dominique Jeulin Pattern Recognition Using Morphological Class Distribution Functions and Classification Trees 143 Marcin Iwanowski and Michal Swiercz Object Descriptors Based on a List of Rectangles: Method and Algorithm 155 Marc Van Droogenbroeck and S´ebastien Pi´erard Ultimate Opening and Gradual Transitions 166 Beatriz Marcotegui, Jorge Hern´andez, and Thomas Retornaz Spatio-temporal Quasi-Flat Zones for Morphological Video Segmentation 178 Jonathan Weber, S´ebastien Lef`evre, and Pierre Gan¸carski Primitive and Grain Estimation Using Flexible Magnification for a Morphological Texture Model 190 Lei Yang, Liang Li, Chie Muraki Asano, and Akira Asano Geodesic Attributes Thinnings and Thickenings 200 Vincent Morard, Etienne Decenci`ere, and Petr Dokladal Adaptive Morphology Morphological Bilateral Filtering and Spatially-Variant Adaptive Structuring Functions 212 Jes´us Angulo General Adaptive Neighborhood Viscous Mathematical Morphology 224 Johan Debayle and Jean-Charles Pinoli Spatially-Variant Structuring Elements Inspired by the Neurogeometry of the Visual Cortex 236 Miguel A. Luengo-Oroz Algorithms Towards a Parallel Topological Watershed: First Results 248 Jo¨el van Neerbos, Laurent Najman, and Michael H.F. Wilkinson Advances on Watershed Processing on GPU Architecture 260 Andr´eK¨orbes, Giovani Bernardes Vitor, Roberto de Alencar Lotufo, and Janito Vaqueiro Ferreira Table of Contents XI Incremental Algorithm for Hierarchical Minimum Spanning Forests and Saliency of Watershed Cuts 272 Jean Cousty and Laurent Najman Component-Hypertrees for Image Segmentation 284 Nicolas Passat and Benoˆıt Naegel Fast Streaming Algorithm for 1-D Morphological Opening and Closing on 2-D Support 296 Jan Bartovsky, Petr Dokladal, Eva Dokladalova, and Michel Bilodeau Remote Sensing Hierarchical Analysis of Remote Sensing Data: Morphological Attribute Profiles and Binary Partition Trees 306 Jon Atli Benediktsson, Lorenzo Bruzzone, Jocelyn Chanussot, Mauro Dalla Mura, Philippe Salembier, and Silvia Valero Self-dual Attribute Profiles for the Analysis of Remote Sensing Images 320 Mauro Dalla Mura, Jon Atli Benediktsson, and Lorenzo Bruzzone Concurrent Computation of Differential Morphological Profiles on Giga-Pixel Images 331 Michael H.F. Wilkinson, Pierre Soille, Martino Pesaresi, and Georgios K. Ouzounis Hierarchical Segmentation of Multiresolution Remote Sensing Images 343 Camille Kurtz, Nicolas Passat, Anne Puissant, and Pierre Gan¸carski Mathematical Morphology for Vector Images Using Statistical Depth 355 Santiago Velasco-Forero and Jesus Angulo Visualisation Mathematical Morphology in Computer Graphics, Scientific Visualization and Visual Exploration 367 Jos B.T.M. Roerdink Surface Reconstruction Using Power Watershed 381 Camille Couprie, Xavier Bresson, Laurent Najman, Hugues Talbot, and Leo Grady Voxel-Based Assessment of Printability of 3D Shapes 393 Alexandru Telea and Andrei Jalba A Comparison of Two Tree Representations for Data-Driven Volumetric Image Filtering 405 Andrei C. Jalba and Michel A. Westenberg [...]... Pesaresi, and G.K Ouzounis (Eds.): ISMM 2011, LNCS 6671, pp 1–12, 2011 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 2 J Angulo and S Velasco-Forero Sparse coding and dictionary learning, where data is assumed to be well represented as a linear combination of a few elements from a dictionary, is an active research topic which leads to state-of-the-art results in image processing applications, such as image. .. Morphology Using Non-negative Matrix Factorization 9 It is well known in mathematical morphology that any binary increasing operator, such as the dilation and erosion, can be generalised to grey-level images by applying the binary operator to each cross-section, and then by reconstructing the corresponding grey-level image [11,10], i.e., L δB (fj )(pi ) = Δt l=1 L ξδB (X tl ) (pi ), and εB (fj )(pi )... binary image X is modelled as a subset of E, i.e., X ∈ P(E); a grey-level image f (pi ), where pi ∈ E are the pixel coordinates, is a numerical function E → T , i.e., f ∈ F(E, T ) In mathematical morphology, an operator ψ is a map transforming an image into an image There are thus operators on binary images, i.e., maps P(E) → P(E); or on grey-level images, i.e., maps F (E, T ) → F (E, T ) P Soille, M Pesaresi,. .. results of DB (Xj ) and EB (Xj ) for three examples of the Fish shapes, compared with respect to the standard binary dilation and erosion, are given in Fig 3 We have compared in particular the sparse max-approximation for the standard NMF and for the Sparse-NMF (a) Dilated original images δB (Xj ) (b) Eroded original images εB (Xj ) (c) NMF-based max-approx dilat DB (Xj ) (d) NMF-based max-approx erod EB... [14], four-valued logics [15], possibility distributions [16] One of the main issues in the proposed extensions of mathematical morphology to bipolar information is to handle the two components (i.e positive and negative information) and to define an adequate and relevant ordering Two extreme cases are Pareto ordering (also called marginal ordering) and lexicographic ordering The Pareto ordering handles... important to handle in an consistent way an object and its complement for many applications (for instance in image processing and spatial reasoning) Therefore it is useful to know exactly under which conditions this property may hold, so as to choose the appropriate operators if it is needed for a specific problem On the other hand, adjunction is a major feature of the “modern” view of mathematical morphology, ... Interval-Valued Fuzzy Morphological Operators In: IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence, WCCI 2010, Barcelona, Spain, pp 822–829 (2010) 8 Serra, J.: Image Analysis and Mathematical Morphology Academic Press, London (1982) 9 Ronse, C.: Why Mathematical Morphology Needs Complete Lattices Signal Processing 21(2), 129–154 (1990) 10 Keshet, R.: Mathematical Morphology on Complete Semilattices and its. .. Semilattices and its Applications to Image Processing Fundamenta Informaticae 41, 33–56 (2000) 11 Heijmans, H.J.A.M., Ronse, C.: The Algebraic Basis of Mathematical Morphology – Part I: Dilations and Erosions Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing 50, 245–295 (1990) 12 Heijmans, H.: Morphological Image Operators Academic Press, Boston (1994) 13 Grabisch, M., Greco, S., Pirlot, M.: Bipolar and bivariate... filling with a peak and residue, and so on until no residue is left Summing up all peaks on one hand and all holes on the other hand produces the same result as our method if we adopt as view point However, our method can use any set as view point and is also applicable to grey tone images P Soille, M Pesaresi, and G.K Ouzounis (Eds.): ISMM 2011, LNCS 6671, pp 25–36, 2011 c Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg... operators (opening, closing, conditional operators, gradient ), along with geometrical measures and distances on bipolar fuzzy sets have been proposed in [4] Let us now briefly comment on the applicability of these new tools for image processing and understanding When dealing with spatial information, both fuzziness and bipolarity occur Fuzziness may be related to the observed phenomenon itself, to the image . Italy E-mail: {pierre .soille, martino .pesaresi, georgios .ouzounis} @jrc.ec.europa.eu ISSN 030 2-9 743 e-ISSN 161 1-3 349 ISBN 97 8-3 -6 4 2-2 156 8-1 e-ISBN 97 8-3 -6 4 2-2 156 9-8 DOI 10.1007/97 8-3 -6 4 2-2 156 9-8 Springer. Pesaresi Georgios K. Ouzounis (Eds.) Mathematical Morphology and Its Applications to Image and Signal Processing 10th International Symposium, ISMM 2011 Verbania-Intra, Italy, July 6-8 , 2011 Proceedings 13 Volume. volume on Mathematical Morphology and Its Applications to Im- age and Signal Processing contains the full papers accepted for presentation at the 10th International Symposium on Mathematical Morphology