primordial germ cells as stem cells

... A cytoplasmic protein that promotes cell survival and has a role in maintenance of reproductive germ cells The knockout leads to progressiveloss of germ cells, Sertoli cells and Leydig cells and ... and duct systems of Bsg –/– were filled with round degenerated germ cells (Toyama et al 1999) Intracellular death effectors as caspases (Casp2) (Bergeron et al 1998), apoptotic protease activating ... Cycle Regulation in Mammalian Germ Cells 345 embryonic development, primordial germ cells (PGCs) begin to form at 7.0 days postconception (dpc) and migrate from the base of the allantois through...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 21:20

... Xenopus oocytes lack TBP protein, whereas TBP2 is the major TBP-type factor in the germ cells Later, in eggs and early embryos, TBP2 levels decrease, whereas TBP starts to accumulate after meiotic ... that the repression is established by the germinal vesicle breakdown stage of oocyte development, a stage at which TBP2 degradation has already started but has not reached its maximum Thus, it seems ... viability but has a critical and specialized role in mammalian female germ cell development, and they provide evidence for nonredundant functions of TBP2 and TBP in vivo in the mouse TBP2 as a vertebrate...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 19:21

... supported by the observation that alkaline phosphatase is present not only in germ cells of the mouse, but also in somatic cells that surround these germ cells [21] Recent description of cytochemical ... of germ cells and somatic cells in human fetal testes duringthe first weeks after sex differentiation Hum Reprod 2003, 18:13-8 Johnson J, Canning J, Kaneko T, Pru JK, Tilly JL: Germline stem cells ... of the female germ cell population varies substantially between individuals of the same age, but also that its age-dependent magnitude is biphasic [13] Numbers of germ cells increase during the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... Second, has the germline sex-determination pathway recruited somatic genes? Were the fem genes originally somatic regulators that were expressed in the germline only because maternal product was needed ... disrupt this interaction cause all germ cells to choose oogenesis [14-17] These findings raise several questions Why are there two information paths? How did this system arise? And are parallel, redundant ... sexdetermining genes Nature 1998, 391:691-695 Fitch DH: Phylogeny In Wormatlas Handbook Wormatlas; 2002 [http://www.wormatlas.org/handbook/contents.htm] Cho S, Jin SW, Cohen A, Ellis RE: A phylogeny...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... early germ cells and IGS cells in adult Drosophila germaria As such, two aspects will be investigated as listed below: I) signals from early germ cells to IGS cells; II) signals from IGS cells ... from IGS cells to early germ cells stet (stem cell tumor) was used to study the signals from early germ cells to IGS cells (Chapter III), while, med20 (mediator complex subunit 20) was used to ... embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells The embryonic stem cells are totipotent, and this means that they can differentiate to all types of cells, which constitute an entire organism Adult stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:42

... humidified CO2 After to days, the medium was changed to remove nonadherent cells, and the adherent cells were cultured for days as passage without refeeding The cells were then trypsinized, harvested ... in human synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) minute and 10 minutes after plating on glass slides ICAM-1-positive cells are shown as light shading, and nuclei as dark shading Bars = 100 μm ... Marrow stromal cells as stem cells for nonhematopoietic tissues Science 1997, 276:71-74 Sekiya I, Larson BL, Smith JR, Pochampally R, Cui JG, Prockop DJ: Expansion of human adult stem cells from...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:23

... cancer 22 1.4 Stem cells 1.4.1 Adult stem cells 1.4.1.1 Neural stem cells 1.4.2 Induced pluripotent stem cells 1.5 Stem cell as a vehicle for cancer gene therapy 1.5.1 Stem cell based cancer gene ... al., 2001) Stem cells as delivery vehicles have been shown to enhance gene delivery efficiency (elaborated in section 3.1) 1.4 Stem cells 1.4.1 Adult stem cells (ASCs) Adult stem cells (ASCs), also ... blood cells Hematopoietic stem cells are in clinical trials for genetic diseases such as sickle cell, β-thalassemia and multiple sclerosis (Trounson A et al., 2011) Autologous adipose stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:56

... blue-stained cells over total cells (blue-stained cells + unstained cells) multiplied by 100 2.9 Caspase activity assay Caspase activity was determined using ApoAlert Caspase Colorimetric Assay Kit ... Expression level of caspase also plays a role in determining the sensitivity to TRAIL Increase in caspase degradation, as well as silencing of caspase through methylation, has been reported to ... pro-caspase 8, thus halting the transduction of the death signals Resistance due to increased ratio of c-FLIP/caspase has been observed in many types of cancers such as lung cancer [103], melanomas...

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2015, 17:27

... Biocompatibility 1.2 Stem cells ………………………………………………………………….4 1.2.1 Significance in the use of stem cells 1.2.2 Definition of stem cells 1.2.2.1 Adult stem cells 1.2.2.2 Embryonic stem cells 1.2.2.3 Induced ... embryonic stem cells (hESCs) hold great promises in many aspects of research and clinical usage Comparing with other type of stem cells such as adult stem cells and induced pluri-potent stem cells ... review and comparison for all three types of stem cells, adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells are inevitable and irreplaceable source...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:38

... Flk-1+CD31-CD34- mesenchymal stem cells: feasibility and safety from monkey to human Stem Cells Dev,2006,15(3):349-357 Devine SM, Bartholomew AM, Mahmud N, et al Mesenchymal stem cells are capable of ... transplantation of stem cells, it is very important to observe the survival and curative effects of transplanted stem cells Traditional immunohistochemical method can easily identify the transplanted cells ... vascular endothelial cells [47] These changes in the micro-environment may contribute to the stem cell homing, which is named by Helmuth et al [48] as “the call of injured tissues for stem cells ...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:18

... ploidy as well as for the presence of breaks and translocations within individual chromosomes, utilizing the ISIS imaging software (Metasystems GmbH, Altussheim, Germany) Additionally, the mFISH assay ... bright-field and phase-contrast microscopy, as well as by immunocytochemical staining for the pluripotency markers SSEA-3 and TRA-1- Int J Med Sci 2006, 81 [4] Briefly, the cells were fixed in ... culture media was changed daily with routine passage of hES cells on a fresh MEF layer being carried out once a week Dissociation of hES colonies into cell clumps for serial passage was achieved...

Ngày tải lên: 31/10/2012, 16:57

... translocation of NF-jBp65 was assessed by immunocytochemical staining As shown in Fig 2D, NF-jBp65 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of control cells By contrast, hypoxia ⁄ SD treatment ... purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) M-MLV reverse transcriptase was obtained from Promega (Madison, WI, USA) and Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix was purchased from Applied Biosystems ... hypoxia ⁄ SD-stimulated MSCs was examined by ELISA As shown in Fig 7C, a small amount of IL-10 release from MSCs was detected at the 6-h time point, and this release was elevated at the 12-h time...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... exact cell type increases proliferation, induces cell-cycle arrest or drives cells into apoptosis [25] Neural progenitor cells Pancreatic progenitor cells Primordial germ cells Progenitors of ... for the generation of primordial germ cells in the mouse embryo Genes Dev 13, 424–436 45 Ying Y, Qi X & Zhao GQ (2001) Induction of primordial germ cells from murine epiblasts by synergistic action ... STAT3 has been identified in the case of differentiation of neural stem ⁄ progenitor cells (NSCs) Here, the neurogenesis versus astrocytogenesis decision during early differentiation is based on...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 00:20

... medium and washing the cells, cell association was estimated by measuring the radioactivity and protein content of the cell lysates, respectively Specific cell association was calculated as the difference ... and invasion Choriocarcinoma is a malignant neoplasm that represents the early trophoblast of the attachment phase or as later invasive stage [46–48] Thus, in most cases, choriocarcinoma has the ... these cells Identification and characterization of SR-BI Based on the pronounced capacity of JAr and Jeg3 cells (Fig 2B,C) for selective uptake of HDL3-associated CEs it was reasonable to assume...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... of cell pellet was deposited on a germanium crystal ( 2–5 · 105 cells per smear) The sample was rapidly evaporated in N2 flux to obtain a homogenous film of entire cells IR measurements were recorded ... [15] In glycogen-poor cells such as lymphocytes, Benedetti et al assigned the shoulders present at 1117 and 1020 cm)1 to RNA and DNA, respectively [18] Classification by LDA Classification by LDA ... accuracy was 73% (Table 1) About the half of the resistant spectra were classified in the sensitive class Fig Two-dimensional plot of PCA-reduced spectra of K562 cells Resistant K562 cells (39...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 03:20

... 3 Degassed, 3% sodium chloride was used as the coupling medium (dg-Na+), otherwise degassed distilled water was used (dg-DW) Temperature of the coupling medium was noted; otherwise there was no ... transducer only produced MHz ultrasound Treatment apparatus A Plexiglas cylinder was used as the ultrasound chamber (70 mm diameter, 25 mm tall) The bottom of this chamber was a single layer of acoustically ... (°C) Degassed, 3% sodium chloride was used as the coupling medium (dg-Na+), otherwise distilled water (DW) or degassed, distilled water was used (dg-DW) Temperature of the coupling medium was noted,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... treatment, caspase activity was determined As shown in Fig 4F, Atz and CA9 ASO significantly increased PYM-induced caspase activity in Tca8113 ⁄ PYM cells (P < 0.01) as compared with untreated cells ... CA9 ASO could enhance PYM-induced caspase activation and subsequent PARP cleavage (F) Effect of CA9 ASO on PYM-induced caspase activation on Tca8113 ⁄ PYM cells The relative activation of caspase ... a poly(vinylidene difluoride) membrane, and immunoblotting 4516 Caspase activity assay Caspase activity was determined with a caspase activity kit (Beyotime), through cleavage of a colorless substrate...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 22:21

... (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA, USA) as a negative control probe Slot blot was performed as described by Kang et al [42] RNA was extracted using the RNeasy kit (Qiagen, RNA was isolated for RT-PCR using ... differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells PCR analysis of DNase I treated and reverse-transcribed total RNA extracted from differentiating embryonic stem cells at the indicated time points ... throughout the b-globin gene locus in MEF cells whereas the increase in Me2K4H3 in day ES cells is restricted to LCR core elements Importantly, we did not detect associations of RNA Pol II (Fig 1B)...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... Section Neural Stem Cells as Progenitor Cells Chapter Systems for ex-vivo Isolation and Culturing of Neural Stem Cells Simona Casarosa, Jacopo Zasso and Luciano Conti Chapter Neural Stem Cell Heterogeneity ... Cavalieri-Ottolenghi (NICO) Section Neural Stem Cells as Progenitor Cells Chapter Systems for ex-vivo Isolation and Culturing of Neural Stem Cells Simona Casarosa, Jacopo Zasso and Luciano Conti Additional ... Neural Stem Cell Heterogeneity http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55676 which the differentiation potential of the neural stem cells is controlled (Basak and Taylor, 2009) Assuming that all stem cells...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 19:20

... Shinya Yamanaka Stem Cells Make Copies of Themselves Through Cell Division, or … Stem Cells Adapt for Many Parts of the Body Stem Cells Brain Bone marrow Fat Heart Pancreas Pluripotent Stem Cell Sources ... centrality of compassion Embryonic Stem Cells from Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) If inner cell mass is placed in culture, the stem cells will divide Develops into a blastocyst Asexual production ... (Bentham, J.S.Mill) – Stem cells have the potential to create the “greatest good for the greatest number.” Uncertain fate of blastocysts – Promoting happiness is moral and curing disease produces happiness...

Ngày tải lên: 13/03/2014, 16:29