... varies and each has advantages and disadvantages Non-ionic surfactants are biodegradable, whilst paraffin and polyethylene waxes are nonbiodegradable Cationic surfactants have high aquatic toxicity ... Peninsular Malaysia 135 Mahyar Sakari VI Contents Chapter The Mass Distribution of Particle-Bound PAH Among Aerosol Fractions: A Case-Study of an Urban Area in Poland 163 Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, ... are characterised by higher acidity than the others The lower values of the saturation of adsorption complex by basic ions (S value) and the values of the rate of adsorption complex saturation...
... CCC AG-3¢) and hsbact -A5 -1046 (5¢-CAT CTG CTG GAA GGT GGA CA-3¢); b-galactosidase – b_Gal_F (5¢AAT CGT CTG ACC GAT GAT CC-3¢) and b_Gal_R (5¢-CGG ATA AAC GGA ACT GGA AA-3¢); and luciferase – Luci_F ... decreases the stability of the N-glycosidic bond in DNA This leads to an increased hydrolysis rate and to depurination in vitro [9] The resulting destabilization of the DNA may also incapacitate the ... transitions The detection limit for CEdGA,B was about 0.5 ngÆmL)1 in the solution that was injected into the HPLC The relative glycation rate was determined by the ratio of the peak area of CEdGA,B and...
... realizable [Nagatsuma et al (2004)] Onthe other hand, atmospheric attenuation has an advantage in the reduction of coverage range of the signal in military applications to avoid communication ... comparison with Si and GaAs are common, because of the importance of these common materials So, in general a WBG semiconductor is classified as a material witha bandgap at least twice the bandgap ... and other weapons in a manner that is noninvasive and fast Terahertz sensing provides advantages to short-range radar sensing, as they can penetrate through fog further than optical radiation The...
... Linearization Based On Digital Predistortion In Mobile Wimax Application 175 x DEMONSTRATION OF A POWER AMPLIFIER LINEARIZATION BASED ON DIGITAL PREDISTORTION IN MOBILE WIMAX APPLICATION Pooria Varahram, ... that with applying this method all the memory contents of the power amplifier especially the one that cause dynamic AM/AM and AM/PM are compensated Simulation and results are examined based on ... a feedback path consisting of a demodulator, analog to digital converter (ADC) and adaptation circuit for updating the LUT The block diagram assumes that all components of the system except the...
... Reflector Antenna Design and Analysis Software (SRADAS) based on MATLAB applied for two practical Radar antennas shows that SRADAS can be used for all shaped reflector antennas with large dimensions ... variables u and v The main equations are prepared to analyze a paraboloidal reflector and to compute the radiation characteristics Moreover, SRADAS can be applied to all shaped reflector antennas with ... integrated over the aperture plane by FFT to yield the far-field radiation pattern and to calculate other antenna parameters Shaped Reflector Antenna Design and Analysis Software (SRADAS) based on this...
... feed the metamaterial transmission line by coaxial lines Since the metamaterial transmission line has a good performance and may tolerance the amplitude and phase variation, the requirement onthe ... available The interdigital capacitors are replaced by lumped capacitors, e.g ATC chip capacitors With chip capacitors, a higher series capacitance is easier to reach, and the metamaterial transmission ... antenna based on metamaterial transmission lines The novel leaky-wave antenna is designed onthe metamaterial transmission line The antenna comprises 30 elements, and the total size withthe integrated...
... levels In fact, considering the active device as the parallel connection of a perfect switch and the parasitic capacitance Cds, the higher voltage harmonics are practically shorted by Cds and only ... implementation based onthe use of a quarterwavelength transmission line (/4-TL) and a parallel resonating L0-C0 tank to control the harmonic impedances The optimum matching at fundamental frequency ... for the current waveform a truncated sinusoidal wave shaping, witha conduction angle (CCA) larger than (Class AB), while maintaining a square voltage waveform In this case the corresponding...
... in antenna measurements and/or calibrations However, there are also several problems that are associated with these approximations First, approximations (7) and (8) are based onthe shape of the ... ratio of the maximum antenna radiation intensity, i e A, to the radiation intensity averaged over all directions, i e Aomni: Gmax A Aomni 4 A A Gmax 4 (4) Based on (2) and (4) one can ... i and j stand for any of aperture illuminations (12) – (14) For example, the rectangular aperture illumination that is the “Polynomial -on- Pedestal” along the X-axis and is the Gaussian one along...
... to fabricate than the holographic axicon Fig 15 The design process of a binary axicon (a) A bulk axicon (b) An axicon removed the unwanted material (red part) (c) An equivalent binary axicon with ... that the propagation distance of the J beam is greater than that of the Gaussian beam, under the condition of the same initial total power and central peak intensity onthe same initial aperture ... is the scalar Green’s function Let us assume that onthe incident plane ( z ' ) we have a J beam and a Gaussian beam, polarized in the x direction and propagating in the z direction They are...
... of the airborne weather radar are detection and visualization of runways at approach landing as well as visualization of taxiways and obstacles onthe taxiway at taxiing Certainly, not all of the ... some altitude H above the mean sea surface, the antenna have the same beamwidth a in both the vertical and horizontal planes, forming a glistening zoneonthe sea surface, and then transmit a short ... superimposed on large gravity waves onthe sea surface Smallscale sea waves of a length approximately one half the radar wavelength are in Bragg resonance with an incident electromagnetic wave At incidence...
... from Satellite Sensors 555 2.2 The Radiative Transfer Equation The radiative transfer equation is a mathematical description of the spatial-angular distribution of monochromatic radiation intensity ... radiation I0 and an exponential decreasing law of incoming radiation into the medium; the integral term expresses the radiation variation emitted from the surface at the temperature T along the ... which, at a certain instant t and at the frequency band ν, propagates into a medium across cross section A, in the observation direction Ω along the path s The intensity of radiation varies while...
... terrestrial path causes the rain attenuation as a result of the absorption and scattering of electromagnetic waves by rain particles The rain attenuation depends onthe frequency and polarisation, the ... into parts international and national portions with different quality/availability criteria The national portion is further subdivided into long haul, short haul and access portions, again with ... between outages Mo The availability ratio AR is the proportion of time that a path is in an available state during an observation period The AR is calculated by dividing the total available time...
... 6.2 Monthly and annual statistics of rain attenuation The obtained monthly and yearly CDs of attenuation due to rain only at 38 319.75 MHz with V polarization ona path length of about 9.3 km are ... calculated yearly CDs of attenuation due to rain only The values of the measured attenuation due to rain only at 38 GHz are smaller than the calculated ones up to about dB These differences can ... of the CDs of attenuation due to rain only caused by the large month-to-month variability of rain intensities can be observed once again The CDs of attenuation due to rain only at the 58 GHz path...
... oscillation radiation are shown to be much weaker than the dipole oscillation radiation and surface wave radiation The same investigations of a plasma dielectric antenna with other design was also ... in a wide range up to 105 GHz The energy of the plasma radiation such as electron cyclotron radiation, pulse oscillation radiation, sequence dipole oscillation radiation, and surface wave radiation ... phased array antennas for radars and electronic warfare applications GaAs based hybrid and MMIC amplifiers are used The early applications of millimeter-wave MMICs were in military, space and astronomy...
... RFmicrowave applications 49 bandwidth decrease and even disappearance of the attenuation band (Fig 13 b when all the resonators are activated) This concept was already applied (Givernaud et al., ... resonators dimensions etc.) was done in such a way that the absorption band of the activated resonator would be then shifted far away from the operation frequency band of the filter The response ... Pechacek, R.E., and Raleigh, M (1984) Onthe Feasibility of Using an Atmospheric Discharge Plasma as an RF Antenna IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol AP-32 No.2, pp.78-83 Alexeff,...
... realizable [Nagatsuma et al (2004)] Onthe other hand, atmospheric attenuation has an advantage in the reduction of coverage range of the signal in military applications to avoid communication ... comparison with Si and GaAs are common, because of the importance of these common materials So, in general a WBG semiconductor is classified as a material witha bandgap at least twice the bandgap ... and other weapons in a manner that is noninvasive and fast Terahertz sensing provides advantages to short-range radar sensing, as they can penetrate through fog further than optical radiation The...
... Linearization Based On Digital Predistortion In Mobile Wimax Application 175 x DEMONSTRATION OF A POWER AMPLIFIER LINEARIZATION BASED ON DIGITAL PREDISTORTION IN MOBILE WIMAX APPLICATION Pooria Varahram, ... that with applying this method all the memory contents of the power amplifier especially the one that cause dynamic AM/AM and AM/PM are compensated Simulation and results are examined based on ... a feedback path consisting of a demodulator, analog to digital converter (ADC) and adaptation circuit for updating the LUT The block diagram assumes that all components of the system except the...
... Reflector Antenna Design and Analysis Software (SRADAS) based on MATLAB applied for two practical Radar antennas shows that SRADAS can be used for all shaped reflector antennas with large dimensions ... variables u and v The main equations are prepared to analyze a paraboloidal reflector and to compute the radiation characteristics Moreover, SRADAS can be applied to all shaped reflector antennas with ... integrated over the aperture plane by FFT to yield the far-field radiation pattern and to calculate other antenna parameters Shaped Reflector Antenna Design and Analysis Software (SRADAS) based on this...
... in the generation of carriers within the dielectric by light, radiation or heat and simultaneous charge separation by a field The space charge polarization causes the material to be spatially ... (fig.14); an area where the device is still functional after the stress and two failures areas, namely soft failures area and hard failures area The functional zone indicates the highest TLP magnitude ... less than 1% of the apparent contact area, hence the down-state capacitance is mainly determined by the noncontact area between the metal bridge and the surface of the dielectric layer The modeling...
... Global stability analysis Multistage HPAs are prone to parametric oscillations that are function of the input-power drive The origin of these instabilities is the nonlinear capacitance of the transistor ... conduction angle (Ф) of each one The conduction angle defines the time that the transistor is in the on- state Fig HPA bias operation classes The maximum drain efficiency (η=Pout/Pdc) and the maximum ... temperature increase (∆T) are related in equation (3) through the thermal resistance (Rth) This parameter gives an idea of the thermal flow through a material or a stack of materials from a hot...