physiology and pathophysiology of the hpa axis

... specific birth prevalence series The studies differed in the number of series included, the method of pooling series, the type of regression equation and the extent to which the maternal age range was ... events in the sequence are controversial Firstly, the proponents use the J-shape of the maternal age risk curve as evidence for the effect of hormonal imbalance around the time of menarche and approaching ... oocyte hypotheses The cause of DS has been sought in disturbances during stages of oogenesis, including the period of meiotic arrest of the oocyte [51] This has generated several hypotheses One...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:12

... cut the tags out of every shirt they had because the tags rubbed their neck and constantly bothered them, being unable to wear blue jeans because of the way they feel at the waist or the back of ... events, the covert modes, that show before and at the end of the evident act The sensory symptoms are there, and they tell more than the visible and audible actions.’’ This fascinating and detailed ... Examples of dystonic tics are sustained tilt of the head, sustained elevation of the shoulder, sustained abduction of the shoulder, sustained flexion of the trunk, and sustained opening of the mouth...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:21

... especially on the abdomen, face (moon face), neck and upper back (buffalo hump); thinning and weakness of the muscles of the upper arms and upper legs; thinning of the skin, with easy bruising and pink ... tumor in the lung, thymus gland, pancreas, or other organ This is called "ectopic" ACTH production When the source of excess cortisol production is a tumor of the adrenal gland itself, then it ... SYNDROME? Cortisol excess produces significant and serious change in the appearance and health of affected individuals Depending on the cause and duration of the Cushing's Syndrome, some people may...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2014, 02:21

... PATIENT'S LIFE? The symptoms, disabilities and life-style of a person with Cushing's Syndrome depend on the degree of cortisol excess, the duration of the disease, the basic health of the person, ... Unfortunately, they are usually discovered after they have already spread beyond the adrenal gland and are then not curable Chemotherapy including o, p'DDD and other medicines are often used to ... has the knowledge and experience in choosing the correct diagnostic studies and evaluating the results Finding the correct diagnosis often requires prolonged testing and even repetition of tests...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2014, 02:21

... thống lông phát triển, tóc rậm, nữ giới có nhiều ria mép giống đàn ông Nguyên nhân tăng tiết nhiều androgen - Da khô mảng, dễ xuất huyết va chạm, vết rạn da màu tím hồng (stria) nằm sâu da, thường...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 20:22

... a variety of diseases and to determine the importance of cytokines such as IL-10 [54] Transgenic expression of IL-10 induced apoptosis of glandular tissue and promoted infiltration of lymphocytes ... gland inflammation, of which the MRL/lpr and the NOD strains present with serum anti-Ro/SSA antibodies An insertion of an ET-transposon in the Fas gene has been found to be responsible for the ... Others have indicated a putative role for the cysteine-rich secretory protein (CRISP-3) gene as an early response gene that may participate in the pathophysiology of the autoimmune lesions of...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... antibodies [12] The objective of this study was to measure the presence of anti-α-fodrin antibodies in the sera of a cohort of patients with well-defined SjS at the Department of Rheumatology of the University ... 1) In our hands, the use of apoptotic extracts (to increase the amount of antigenic fodrin cleavage product) did not improve the suitability of these techniques for the detection of anti-α-fodrin ... (Table 1) From these results we conclude that antiα-fodrin antibodies are present in SjS sera and that the majority of these antibodies are of the IgG and IgA class, but that their frequency...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23

... contributions to the conception and design of the study and drafted the manuscript BK and KCA both read and approved the final manuscript Competing interests The authors declare that they have no ... in the right sacroiliac joint and sacral body, consistent with fractures, and most likely representing the cause of the patient’s pain Figure Anterior and posterior whole body bone scan views of ... consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal Abbreviations...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:22

... analysis and writing of the manuscript RKN participated in the design of the study, collection of the patient material and drafting of the manuscript MM-G participated in the handling of the collection ... clinical protocol of the study nor the patients were aware of the treatment assignments At the onset of the study, the patients underwent a thorough oral and dental examination as a part of normal dental ... the statistical analysis Since the number of the marked scores decreased towards the end of each medication and washout period (because of apparent reduction of co-operation towards the end of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 08:21

... in the event of unsuccessful ERCP During the operation, there was no evidence of intestinal perforation A 3.5 cm gallstone was found proximal to a stricture in the second part of the duodenum There ... impacted in the duodenum in the absence of a fistula The most likely explanation in our patient is that multiple small stones passed from the gallbladder into the duodenum via the papilla and became ... from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal Competing interests The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:21

... conceived of the study, made substantial contributions to the acquisition of data, drafted the initial manuscript and revised the draft over the course of submission DS coordinated the design and drafting ... drafting of the initial version and revised the draft over the course of submission GO carried out endocrinological evaluation of the patient, made contributions to the acquisition of data and revised ... [3] The Weiss score of the tumor was (diffuse architecture and capsular invasion), compatible with a benign neoplasm Figure obesity of the patient Truncal Truncal obesity of the patient The tumor...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:22

... raising the question of the importance of IL-17 in SS Thus, the goals of the present study were to determine whether IL-17A can directly influence the pathology leading to the onset of SS-like ... section of ± 0.83 (Table 1) Besides the number of LF detected in the salivary glands of the experimental animals, immunofluorescent staining to detect B and T cells revealed further differences in the ... produced and determined the titers of the Ad5-LacZ and Ad5-IL17A viral vectors HY and BL performed retrograde ductal cannulations/ instillations of the vectors into the salivary glands CQN designed the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:22

... index of suspicion is important for the early and correct diagnosis Cushing’s disease in children References 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Cushing H The basophil adenomas of the pituitary body and their ... P.Y Hsu et al of these children may prevent future adult height deficits and osteopenia.9,15,16 Transsphenoidal pituitary adenomectomy is the treatment of choice in these children, and a high cure ... radiotherapy with a total dose of 5000 cGy The signs and symptoms improved, though panhypopituitarism was noted years after the second operation and radiotherapy The patient received continuing treatment...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 10:20

... the cut-off limits for each of the QLIPS tests, the mean value of the 25 control samples plus SD in the first cohort was used and is indicated in the figures Additional analysis using a cut-off ... samples showed a mean and standard deviation by QLIPS and LIPS of 7,576 ± 6,046 and 29,770 ± 78,495 LU, respectively Of note, the markedly higher average and standard deviation of the control group ... steps, 10 minutes of washing and reading of the plate with a luminometer Due to the high signal to noise and large dynamic range of the LIPS assay, the coefficient of variation (CV) of approximately...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... 37% of patients compared to 12% of controls In order to assess the impact of gender and disability, and due to the small samples of men and work disabled in the PhysR patient group, the PhysR and ... validity of this sample is supported by the expected prevalence of dry eye and dry mouth, cardinal features of the disorder which are highly predictive of the diagnosis The generalizability of the ... paper and in the supplementary section, and drafted sections of this manuscript PCF participated in the design of the study FV participated in the design of the study NM participated in the design...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... follows: (a) The presence of any four of the six items is indicative of primary SS, as long as either item (Histopathology) or (Serology) is positive (b) The presence of any three of the four objective ... antibody test (at a dilution of 1:320) Anti-La/SS-B titre, other SLE and RA markers, and tests of the complement system (C3 and C ) were negative Electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging ... showed a poor fixation of the radionuclide Additionally, a stimulation test revealed no further functional activity of the salivary glands Those findings were characteristic of the sialoadenitis typically...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... CD5, further supporting the hypothesis of homing and activation of specific B cells in the glands B cell malignancies and Sjögren’s syndrome In contrast to the focal sialadenitis of the minor ... regardless of whether these autoantibodies are pathogenic [25] Despite intensive work on the characterization of autoantigens, the cellular basis of their production and the strong association of certain ... salivary glands, the lymphocytic lesions of the major salivary glands often contain secondary lymph follicles B cells have been shown to infiltrate the glandular duct epithelium and thereby to...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21

... influences the activity of type regulatory T cells [7,8], thereby possibly contributing to autoimmunity The other pathway discussed is based on genes within the Aec2 locus, important in the homeostasis ... lupus erythematosus 1) This might suggest shared disease pathways in different models for autoimmune diseases controlled by the same genes within this interval On the basis of potential candidate ... genes located within the re-defined Aec2 interval, the authors elegantly discuss possible disease pathways One pathway starts out from the Tnfsf4 gene encoding the OX40 ligand (OX40L) This molecule...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:22

... counted The histological evaluation of the number of foci, the presence of IL-18 in inflammatory foci and ducts, the degree of organization of the mononuclear aggregates, and the presence of germinal ... at RT The sections were rinsed in TBS and stained for anti-IL-18 as described above To verify the specificity of the staining, sections with omission of the first, the second, or both of the primary ... salivary gland of SS, ductal IL-18 expression was observed both in the presence and in the absence of IL-18-producing cells in the periductal inflammatory foci and was also found in the absence of a...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:23