physiology and pathophysiology of the paranasal cavities

... H Shimano Physiology and pathophysiology of the SREBP family SREBP-1c and lipogenesis The SREBP family consists of three isoforms: SREBP1a, SREBP-1c, and SREBP-2 Each isoform has a different ... Physiology and pathophysiology of the SREBP family H Shimano at G1 [19] In particular, p21 is a direct target of SREBP [20] The role of SREBP-1a in the regulation of cell growth and the cell cycle ... (2009) 616–621 ª 2008 The Author Journal compilation ª 2008 FEBS 619 Physiology and pathophysiology of the SREBP family 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 620 H Shimano conformation of SCAP, the SREBP escort protein...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 13:20

... understanding of the anatomy and function of the ear and the auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... to find original work on the different subjects Understanding of the anatomy and the function of the auditory system together with knowledge about the pathophysiology of the auditory system are ... accumulated about the function of the cochlea than of any other sensory organ C H A P T E R Anatomy of the Ear ABSTRACT 10 The ear consists of the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear The outer...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... at the entrance of the ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place of the head The effect of the head on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area of the tympanic membrane and the area of the stapes footplate, but the lever ratio of the middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas of the BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light of the FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements of the umbo, the head of the stapes and the lenticular process of the incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... in the ventral parts of the MGB of the thalamus, the nonclassical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medial division of the MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] These divisions of the MGB receive their ... near the frequency of a formant will show a periodic pattern with the frequency of the formant The spectra of these histograms show harmonics of the fundamental frequency of the vowel and the ... between the classical and the non-classical routes and the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (AL), showing the “high route” and the “low route” Connections between the basolateral (ABL) and the central...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency of the first peak in the dipole and the length is the relative strength of the dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II of the ABR) and the third...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... and standard error of the mean are shown as a function of the intensity of the noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end of the exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... components of broad band sounds will elicit contractions of the stapedius muscle when the intensities of these components are above the threshold of the reflex and that will cause attenuation of low ... decreases the input to the cochlea and thereby decreases the contraction of the stapedius muscle, and that in turn causes the input to the cochlea to again increase, and that increases the contraction...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening of the tuning of the basilar membrane broadens the “slices” of the spectrum of broad band sounds from which the ... coherence of the nerve activity that reaches the cochlear nucleus The growth of the amplitude of the reflex response is reduced in 242 Section III Disorders of the Auditory System and Their Pathophysiology ... perpendicular to the surface of the flat portion of the incudo-stapedial joint and that does not cause any movement of the incus and thus no displacement of the tympanic membrane If the pressure in the perilymphatic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... corresponding to the F1 frequency and the other corresponding to the frequency of F2 The rate of the impulses is that of F0 for voiced sounds, and a quasi-random rate (average of 100 pps) for ... determined on the basis of the output of 16 band-pass filters The output of the six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea ... conceived the “vocoder” for 274 Section III Disorders of the Auditory System and Their Pathophysiology spectral bands of the visual spectrum The three kinds of photo pigment that are present in the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... the company of his young lady friend—through the pressure of her hand upon his arm, the lithe, graceful movement of body and limbs, the smile, the light in the eye and the soft voice All of these ... Summary of Principles 24 a The propagation of offspring and the protection and support of the young and defenseless, always involve sacrifice on the part 24 of the parents and the stronger members of ... movements and partly by the action of the cilia in the ducts of the epididymis and the peristaltic contractions of the vas deferens—hurried along the vas to the ampulla If the period of sexual...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 13:20

... by the their biological parents or were adopted, and the risk ratio vary between 1.6 and 3.6 in males, and between 0.5 and 6.3 in females [11,12] In 1992 Babor et al confirmed the existence of ... appears through modification of the functional activity of the proteins that are already inside the neuron or through the influence of alcohol on their 'real' quantity in the neuron [30] http://www.annals-general-psychiatry.com/content/8/1/10 ... according to Pavlovian theory Basic conditioning or type I, according the same theory As far as modelling is concerned, the model of the parents, especially the parent of the same sex seems to...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 23:21

... supports the neoplastic nature of these tumors [10], and emerging evidence implicates dysregulated wound healing in the pathogenesis of these and other fibroblastic lesions Tri- somy and 20 as nonrandom ... Individuals between the ages of 15 and 60 are most often affected; desmoid tumors are rare in the young and in the elderly They are slightly more common in women than in men [8,9], and there is no significant ... manipulation, and pirfenidone) and cytotoxic chemotherapy The conclusions that can be drawn as to the relative effectiveness of these agents in the treatment of desmoid tumors are limited by the low...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 22:20

... case of MZ with mirror-imaging of AC in the literature In this case, we describe the second case of MZ with mirror-imaging of AC and discuss the possible clinical implications First, Helland and ... lack of systematic monitoring and follow-up Therefore, a large percentage of patients with AC are probably undiscovered Mirror images, on the other hand, are present in approximately 25% of MZ Therefore, ... consider that it is mandatory to monitor the counterpart of the symptomatic patient with AC as early as possible, irrespective of the absence of symptoms Conflict of Interest The authors have declared...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:00

... craniotomy because of the proximity of the sinus to the orbit and the anterior skull base [5] The frequency of bilateral absence of the frontal sinus has been reported in 3-4% to 10% of several populations ... reliability between observers and was 0.86 Fig Unilateral absence of the frontal sinus; on the right, the absence of the frontal sinus, and on the left, the limited aeration of the frontal sinus; axial ... sinuses, although there is only one frontal sinus ostium The size of the sinus and, therefore, its anatomic relationships also depend upon the extent of pneumatization [11] The extent of pneumatization...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:04

... occurrence of the tumor corresponded exactly one to the other; and (4) there was a more than one year interval between trauma and the appearance of the tumor As regards the pathogenesis of post-traumatic ... time interval between trauma and the appearance of the tumor of at least year, a longer latent period increasing the likelihood of a causal relationship The presence of the tumor must be proved histologically ... at the time of the trauma demonstrating significant injury and the follow-up scans demonstrating tumor at the same site4 With the routine use of CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), some of...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:48

... circumstances In the resolutions of the VIth and the VIIth congresses of the Communists Party and those of the important meeting of the National Assembly, the Government and the Central Party ... assessment the demand of skilled labor and how to solve the gap between demand and supply of skilled labor for sustainable economic growth in Vietnam Objectives of the Study The objectives of the study ... building up the whole system It is hoped that these schools (10-15% of the sector) will reach the standards of the best institutions in the region and gradually those of the world While these school...

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2013, 10:31

... component of most management definitions of strategy Strategy is the determination of the basic long-term goals and objectives of an enterprises, and the adoption of courses of action and the allocation ... features 60 As a rule, then, the lower the price of substitutes, the higher the quality and the performance, and the lower the user’s switching costs, the more intense are the competitive pressures ... market conditions in the supplier industry and the significance of the item they supply The competitive fore of suppliers is greatly diminished whenever the item they provide is a standard commodity...

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2013, 10:32

... including the rationale of the study, the identification of the problem, the objectives, the scope and limitations as well as the methodology and framework of the study Chapter shows the literature ... 2000 and 80% by 2005 • To improve the quality of plastic products to meet the demand of high quality consumer products of the country, then to increase the quantity and expand varieties of export ... simplified, the level of knowledge of the management organizations and officers in charge of investment are now improved The consolidation of the former SCCI and SPC into one Ministry, which is now the...

Ngày tải lên: 13/04/2013, 10:32

... polymerization of styrene and the blending of PS and SPS polymers have affected the surface structure of the PVDF membrane obviously The cross-section morphologies of the PVDF membrane, the PVDF-PS ... Thermal analysis of the PVDF-SPS composite membrane The TG analysis curve is presented in Figure for the investigation of the thermal stability of the PVDF membrane, PVDF-PS membrane, and the PVDF-SPS ... to prepare the PVDF composite membrane The structure and the morphology of the PVDF-SPS composite membrane were characterized The proton conductivity and the methanol permeability of the PVDF-SPS...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11