physical techniques in the synthesis of organic compounds

... of the paint layer, the characteristic touche of the author, the eventual existence of an underlying painting, the pentimenti, the alterations, the restorations, the modifications of frame, the ... origin (Burmese) of inlay rubies of the alabaster Parthe Ishtar statue (~200 BC) held in the custody of the Louvre Museum [99] (Fig 4(AC)), mapping of inclusions in gemstones [100,101], of pigments ... materials For example: what are the origins of the yellow, red and black pigments of parietal paintings of the Magdalenian era in the caves of the Pyrenees? How were synthetic Egyptian blue and green...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... War Memorial The photograph of the original painting was taken by the author in the course of her investigations, and is not an official reproduction of the painting (ART40317) in the Australian ... of the painting, showing the location of pigments of different types used by the artist [The image of the painting of an Australian soldier by Ivor Hele was taken with the permission of the Australian ... available), the overall performance depends on the packing of the detector elements o The overall detection efficiency of the detector depends on the packing of the pixels, the coupling of the array...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2015, 10:58

... number of works increased in the years from 2000 to 2010 The obtained carbons were mainly employed in the removal of water pollutants In the present chapter the principal methods used in the preparation ... according with the following equation, (1) where W0 is the weight of the original carbon and W1 refers to the mass of the activated carbon The use of CO2 during the activation process of a carbon ... combination of techniques In this chapter, some of the more common techniques used in the characterization of activated carbons are shown 38 Lignocellulosic Precursors Used in the Synthesis of...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 17:20

... extensions The processing of text in the system is split into three sequentially executed tasks Firstly, the text is extracted from the input source (text or binary documents) in the “preprocessing” ... Secondly, the text is annotated by several NLP tools, chained in a sequence in the “processing” phase The language processing tools are integrated in a language processing chain (LPC), so that the ... 2011 Constrained Recombination in an Example-based Machine Translation System, In the Proceedings of the EAMT-2011: the 15th Annual Conference of the European Association for Machine Translation,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... Printing inks 50 % Paints and coatings 25 % Other 5% Plastics 20 % Figure 1.5: Main uses of organic pigments The remaining organic pigments (“Other”) are used in textile printing and a number of ... take into account the specific characteristics of the manufacture of Organic Fine Chemicals Using the results of the BREF on CWW as a source of information, the BREF on OFC provides a further ... application medium In colouring, the crystalline pigment is applied in the solid state, not in the dissolved form, to the medium being coloured Both the chemical and the physical properties of the pigments...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 20:20

... and, in the case of the sample uptake tubing, care must also be taken to avoid contamination of the sample through contact with the tubing material For routine analysis of organic solvents, the ... Removal of carbon The presence of high levels of organic solvent in the sample aerosol can lead to deposition of carbon (soot) on the sampling cone, eventually leading to clogging of the cone ... droplets into the plasma Typically, a 20% oxygen in argon is used, rather than pure oxygen, avoiding the use of highly flammable or explosive gases in the laboratory The oxygen is added either in the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 21:20

... the functioning of e-commerce and Internet marketing and selling techniques in the retail of goods Table 12: Consumer survey – Perceived savings while buying online or offline28 Online shopping ... on the functioning of e-commerce and Internet marketing and selling techniques in the retail of goods • Many consumers research information on products and prices offline and then buy them online: ... welfare gains under a hypothetical situation in which the share of Internet retailing in the EU would be 15% of total retailing This benchmark of 15% of total retailing to assess the “missing potential”...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 08:21

... purpose of writing BREFs The chemical industry was divided into the organic and inorganic sectors The organic chemical industry was then further divided into three sub-groups – ‘Large Volume Organic ... phosgenation of the resulting toluene amine (TDA) in a solvent The choice of reaction conditions during the phosgenation is important because of the reactivity of isocyanate groups and the possibility of ... some of the most relevant provisions of the IPPC Directive, including the definition of the term ‘best available techniques , are described in this preface This description is inevitably incomplete...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 19:20

... present, the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of dNTPs ⁄ NTPs is not the conversion of (d)NDPs to (d)NTPs, as the catalytic efficiency of NDK is high [7–9] The regulatory mechanism in dNTPs ... levels for DNA synthesis could be the reason Mollicutes lack the de novo synthesis of purine and pyrimidine bases and have to rely on salvage path1988 ways for the biosynthesis of nucleotides ... rates of [3H]ADP synthesis, although the highest [3H]ADP synthesis rate was obtained when ATP was the phosphate donor (Table 1) 1986 In the reactions described above, the concentration of phosphate...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... http://asp.eurasipjournals.com/content/2011/1/90 define the parity values The data processing operations are combined with the parity generating function to provide one set of parity values The k is the basic block size of the input data, ... The reason for the non-zero differences is round off errors because of the finite answer of comput¯ ing system In the bottom figure, the values of | pli ¯ pui | reflect errors occurred If the ... by examining the magnitude of the respective syndromes and comparing against thresholds five times the standard deviation of syndrome values when only low levels of round-off error appear The simulation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... from the Organic Synthesis Group for providing the analytes used in the study and all users of the GC MSD for sharing the use of the instrument Even though people come and go, the memories of the ... uptake of the plastic antibody was compared against that of the NIP and the imprinting efficiency was found to be 1.3 The imprinting efficiency is defined as the ratio of the binding ratio of the MIP ... Specificity was defined as the success of the imprinting process as seen from the difference in binding between the MIP and the NIP while selectivity was defined as the efficiency in binding structural...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:08

... concentrations of organic substances in the aqueous environment has been a matter of increasing interest to the water industry, scientists and the general public alike, from the point of view of possible ... While the kinetics of the process were not described in detail, the importance of convective transport of analyte was highlighted The advantages of the drop-indrop system include low consumption of ... aspiration of the ASP, following the first sampling cycle, ensures that both the OF and the ASP are periodically renewed, and thus the OF would be in contact with fresh aqueous sample having the initial...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:20

... and their reactor volume ranged from 0.01m3 to 0.3m3 These activated sludge reactors were treating the sewages discharged in the campus of Beijing University of Technology In addition to the ... was added to it, the tube was shaken, and, the methyl ester of PHA monomers in the chloroform layer was collected The chloroform phase was washed again with 0.5mL water, and then injected to a gas ... CRP values were obtained for both of the SBRs In the SBR reactors, the substrate was supplied intermittently, and thus the gradients of substrate concentration in addition to the oxygen limitation...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... knowledge of the biosynthesis of DIMs and PGLs, the in vivo functions of these FadD proteins in this pathway remain to be established and ⁄ or completed For instance, the involvement of FadD26 in the ... Schematic representation of the roles of the FadD proteins encoded by the DIM + PGL locus in the biosynthesis of DIMs and related compounds in Mycobacterium tuberculosis The role of the activation enzymes ... onto PpsA during DIM biosynthesis prompted us to examine whether another FadD protein is specifically involved in the activation of the PpsA substrates during the formation of PGLs Among the fadD...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... concentration of organics, pH, presence of inorganic ions), the concentration of oxygen in the reaction solution, the magnitude of the intensity and wavelength of the UV light, the desirable extent of treatment, ... peroxide remains the same, resulting in continually increasing [H2 O2 ] /organic molar ratios The enhancement of the reaction rates with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and the existence of an optimum ... thin film of liquid carried by the disk at the interface of the liquid film and the catalyst The maximum volumetric capacity of the reactor vessel is 3.5 l The catalyst is in the form of composite...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:07

... extinction coefficient of the protein, and thus the increase in absorbance in the aromatic region Shortly thereafter, a gradual unfolding of the protein occurs that results in the increase of ... unfolding starting already at 44 °C (Fig 2B) The disulfide-independent unfolding of the protein is also a function of the pH of the reaction buffer and is higher in the alkaline environment Thus, the ... After the initial dilution caused by binding and retaining in the tissues, the blood level of these proteins stabilized within h, and then remained nearly unchanged for up to 24 h after injection...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 04:20

... centrifugation at 20 000 g for 30 at °C Binding of the fusion proteins to chitin beads via the intein/ chitin binding domain, cleavage of the fusion protein (in 20 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, 200 mM NaCl, ... encoding basic cellular functions in A actinomycetemcomitans have an average GC content of 48.0% [43] The GC content of the region essential for the biosynthesis of SPA in the other serotype strains ... the gene clusters responsible for the biosynthesis of SPAs of A actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a, b, c, d, and e [23,29,34–36] The gene cluster associated with the synthesis of SPA in A actinomycetemcomitans...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... 25.7° The above peaks are characteristic of the crystalline phase of the emeraldine salt [18] The higher crystallinity in PANI_HCl_PTSA can be attributed to the smaller dopant HCl helping in closer ... the saturation of its response The recovery time is the time in between the saturation response to the initial value in presence of air [11] Results and discussion 3.1 Synthesis of processable ... –NH– stretching of secondary amine The bands at 1158 cm− and 1139 cm− for PANI_HCl_PTSA and PANI_PTSA respectively are due to the C–O stretching of the MA ester of the crosslinked PVA The peaks...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... growth of the WO3 nanowires With the addition of different inorganic salts, the compositions and the corresponding properties of the solution are different in the hydrothermal conditions The changes ... the TEM image of the obtained WO3 with the addition of NaNO3, KNO3 and Na2SO4 It can be seen that no WO3 nanowires could be obtained with any content of KNO3 With an increase in the content of ... need the anisotropy during the growth process for the nanoparticles In our experiments, the presence of the salts is also an important factor influencing the crystallization process and the growth...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... the sample into the solvent reservoir The water sample will drain into the cartridge, and from the exit into the suction flask Maintain the packing material in the cartridge immersed in water at ... by adding the solvent to the disk, drawing about half through the disk, allowing it to soak the disk for about a minute, then drawing the remaining solvent through the disk Note: Soaking the disk ... procedures for determination of organic compounds in finished drinking water, source water, or drinking water in any treatment stage The method is applicable to a wide range of organic compounds that...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20