permeability of biofilms and colonies

... Microbiological Aspects of Biofilms and Drinking Water Steven L Percival, James T Walker, and Paul R Hunter © 2000 by CRC Press LLC Microbiological Aspects of BIOFILMS and DRINKING WATER STEVEN ... presence of agrochemicals and faecal contamination Because of these various sources of pollution, the microbiological and chemical quality of lowland water is variable and can often be very poor Such ... that flocculation and sedimentation alone removed 99.9% of poliovirus and 99.7% of bacteriophage T4 Rao et al.9 also reported that 98% of poliovirus, 95% of rotavirus, and 97% of hepatitis A were...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Public Water Supplies in England and Wales 1911–1998, Number of Outbreaks in 10-Year Periods 10-Year Period 1911–1920 Number of Cases and Deaths Number of Outbreaks Site of Contamination Source Distribution ... operation of water points, and drainage Related to unsanitary excreta disposal, poor personal and domestic hygiene, and unsafe drinking water Related to the absence of nearby sources of safe water ... Aspects of Biofilms and Drinking Water TABLE 3.1 Estimates of Morbidity and Mortality of Water-Related Diseases Disease Morbidity (Episodes/Year, or as Stated) Mortality (Deaths/Year) Relationship of...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... literature in terms of DLVO theory developed and named for Derjaguin and Landau53 and Verwey and Overbeek54 to explain the stability of lyophobic colloids, representative of bacterial cells, and the surface ... generally has a high content of EPS consisting of between 50 and 90% of the matrix.73 An understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the biofilm matrix and its relationship to the ... growth of bacteria, development of microcolonies (Figure 6.4), recruitment of additional attaching bacteria, and often colonisation of other organisms, for example, microalgae As attachment of bacteria...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... POTABLE WATER AND BIOFILMS Potable water generally contains a lot of microorganisms, particularly ones which are injured and dormant, as a result of the disinfection process (chlorination) and water ... Water • • • • Discolouration of water Taste and odour effects Growth of invertebrates Corrosion and pitting Control of the biofilm becomes one of the main objectives of good potable water distribution ... FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE ACCUMULATION OF BIOFILMS IN POTABLE WATER Within potable water, the main area of concern is that of proliferation of coliforms and heterotrophic bacteria in biofilms Factors...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... AM 156 Microbiological Aspects of Biofilms and Drinking Water time across a range of samples and environments and are understood by microbiologists and a wide range of water treatment specialists ... sloughing off of the biofilm into the water phase and subsequent blocking of filters 9.2 NONINVASIVE SAMPLING METHODS Swabbing of surfaces provides a noninvasive method (to the pipe system) of sampling ... Methods of Sampling Biofilms in Potable Water 161 Hose Clip O-Ring Stud Polyethylen Pipe BIOFILM 10mm FIGURE 9.4 Cross section of the pipe of the NCIMB biofilm generator Courtesy of Hopton, J.W and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... leading to loss of cell permeability and, therefore, the leaking of proteins, DNA, and RNA Damage to nucleic acids and enzymes 11.3.3 EFFECTIVENESS ON BIOFILMS The effectiveness of chlorine within ... litre) prevented growth of micro- and macrofouling organisms LeChevallier, Cawthon, and Lee12 showed a similar effect with mg per litre of copper and 10 mg per litre of sodium chlorite exposed ... Appl Bacteriol., 72, 71 49 Landeen, L K., Yahya, M T., and Gerba, C P., 1989, Efficacy of copper and silver ions and reduced levels of free chlorine in inactivation of Legionella pneumophila, Appl...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... i.e DIMs and PGL-tb; and (b) to address the question of the function of the two related molecules DIM A and DIM B According to the accepted model of DIM and PGL biosynthesis [17], DIM A and PGL-tb ... modification A Effect of the absence of DIM A on the virulence of M tuberculosis in mice B Fig MALDI-TOF mass spectra of the purified glycolipid from M tuberculosis PMM74:pPET1 (A) and of PGL-tb from ... those of DIM A and DIM B were purified by preparative TLC and analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS The mass spectrum of the purified lipids exhibiting a TLC mobility similar to that of DIM B showed a series of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20

... (a-c) E coli biofilms and (d-f) S aureus biofilms: (a) and (d) pre-grown biofilms after incubation in PBS for 24 h, (b) and (e) with addition of CMCS-MNPs (2.0 mg/mL) without MF for and after incubation ... without MF) and CMCS on pre-grown (a) S aureus biofilms and (b) E coli biofilms after 12, 24, and 48 h The controls refer to the respective pre-grown biofilms in sterile PBS without addition of CMCS ... (c) and (f) with addition of CMCS-MNPs (2.0 mg/mL) with MF for and after incubation in PBS for 24 h Scale bar = 100 µm viii Figure 4-9 SEM images of (a-c) E coli biofilms and (d-f) S aureus biofilms: ...

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2015, 17:14

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2012, 15:49

... as a cache of secondary storage data pages The effect of this kind of caching on the performance of UNIX and its traditional suite of application programs is dramatic Compilation of a small program ... introduction of new hardware architectures and was never able to efficiently support the large body of UNIX software used within the academic community [16] In addition, from the point of view of a system ... network copy-on-reference of process data The interaction of message and memory primitives can also be an important tool in the design and implementation of transaction and database management...

Ngày tải lên: 12/09/2012, 15:05

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2012, 10:04

... for attempting to understand historical patterns of law and authority, by reference to interior moral and exterior political impulses, and versions of history and visions of the future, in chapter ... ‘globalise’ and ‘universalise’, suggesting the attempt or purport of the act of globalising and universalising, falling short of the achievement of the actual end of this action Such a use of the ... Introduction understand the reality of law and what constitutes law; to attempt to fathom, where possible, the limits and potentials of attitudes towards the social order and law; and to formulate...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:54

... Ecosystems and Environment, 27, 493-503 Qiao, L., Hofstede, H and Ho, G E (1993) The mobility of heavy metals in clay amended sewage sludge and municipal solid waste compost In: Proceeding of 9th ... fixing of the free metal ions through metal precipitation as hydroxides and carbonates, adsorption onto oxides and mineral surfaces and chemisorption or complexation with inorganic ligands The ... 1993) In order to determine the long-term fate and potential hazard of land application of MSW compost, it is necessary to investigate the speciation of heavy metals Difficulties in studying this...

Ngày tải lên: 23/09/2012, 14:48

... behalf of the account holder, and giving specimen signatures and relevant information banknote / b ŋknəυt/ noun a piece of printed paper money (in England, issued by the Bank of England; in Scotland, ... average, £15 worth of goods are stolen every day the sharing of the cost of damage or loss of a ship between the insurers and the owners í adjective equal to the average of a set of figures ć the ... matters as the issue of shares, the conduct of meetings and the appointment of directors ć This procedure is not allowed under the articles of association of the company articles of incorporation...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2012, 10:53

... later, though the number of men remained unchanged, the number of women rose to 550 000 A similar situation was seen in the wholesale and retail trade sector, where the number of women rose from about ... decades between 1975 and 1995 brought significant changes in the representation of women in Freedonia's work force, according to the graphs In 1975, for example, some 300 000 men and 250 000 women ... finance and banking institutions in 1975, the number increased to 450 000 by 1995 The number of men grew only marginally from 425 000 to 480 000 over the same period In defence, the number of men...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2012, 10:02

... (sum of y)] [(n) (sum of (xx)) ]-[ (sum of x) (sum of x)] where: n = # of observations (36 months) x = rate of return for the S&P 500 Index y = rate of return for the fund 14 Dictionary of Financial ... makeup of the liabilities and stockholders' equity side of the balance sheet, especially the ratio of debt to equity and the mixture of short and long maturities Capital surplus Amounts of directly ... Deferred annuities offer deferral of taxes with the option of withdrawing one's funds in the form of life annuity Deficit An excess of liabilities over assets, of losses over profits, or of expenditure...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 08:22

... (sum of y)] [(n) (sum of (xx)) ]-[ (sum of x) (sum of x)] where: n = # of observations (36 months) x = rate of return for the S&P 500 Index y = rate of return for the fund 14 Dictionary of Finantial ... makeup of the liabilities and stockholders' equity side of the balance sheet, especially the ratio of debt to equity and the mixture of short and long maturities Capital surplus Amounts of directly ... Deferred annuities offer deferral of taxes with the option of withdrawing one's funds in the form of life annuity Deficit An excess of liabilities over assets, of losses over profits, or of expenditure...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 08:22

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 09:55

... (sum of y)] [(n) (sum of (xx)) ]-[ (sum of x) (sum of x)] where: n = # of observations (36 months) x = rate of return for the S&P 500 Index y = rate of return for the fund 14 Dictionary of Finantial ... makeup of the liabilities and stockholders' equity side of the balance sheet, especially the ratio of debt to equity and the mixture of short and long maturities Capital surplus Amounts of directly ... Deferred annuities offer deferral of taxes with the option of withdrawing one's funds in the form of life annuity Deficit An excess of liabilities over assets, of losses over profits, or of expenditure...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2012, 14:24

... build up specialized knowledge of the enterprises’day-to-day business and liquidity, and of short-term developments of demand and supply in the specific sectors and markets where enterprises operate ... creation of franchise value should go hand in hand with development of a strong regulatory and supervisory regime This should include incentives to align the interests of owners and managers of market ... of CTF .10 I.1.3 Efficiency and stability implications of CTF: the role of incentives 14 I.1.4 Theoretical and methodological features of CTF 16 I.2 FINANCE, GROWTH, AND...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 09:33