parkinsons and vitamin d3

... 20-hydroxyvitamin D3, other major metabolites of vitamin D3 were a dihydroxyvitamin D3 and a trihydroxyvitamin D3 product. The dihydroxyvitamin D3 was clearly identified as 20,23-dihydroxyvitamin D3 by ... di- hydroxyvitamin D3 and trihydroxyvitamin D3 by com- paring their 1D proton NMR to that of the parent vitamin D3 (Fig. 5A–C). For both dihydroxyvitamin D3 and trihydroxyvitamin D3, the chemical ... D3, dihydroxyvitamin D3 and trihydroxyvitamin D3. (A) Vitamin D3; (B) dihydroxy metabolite identified as 20,23-dihydroxyvitamin D3; (C) trihydroxy metabolite identified as 17a,20,23-trihydroxyvitamin...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... levels of the vitamins (retinol, tocopherol and cholecalcifer- ol), and trace elements and heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd, Pb and Mn) in patients with CAD and the control group are shown in Table ... RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Clinical characteristics and serum cholesterol levels were not significantly different in patients with and without CAD (Table 1). Comparisons of the levels of the vitamins ... peroxidation of LDL and this action could be paramount in the prevention of atherosclerosis. As lypophilic molecules, vitamin E and beta-carotene are incorporated into the LDL par- ticle. Vitamin E plays...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:51

... 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptors identified in the rat heart. J Mol Cell Cardiol 1986;18:67-72. 18. Ohsawa M, Koyama T, Yamamoto K, Hirosawa S, Kamei R. 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitaminD3 and its potent ... themselves produce and excrete this active form of vitamin D and, therefore, by both autocrine and paracrin stimulation influence their own macrophage activity in addition to the T- and B-lymphocyte ... models and was unaffected by the1,25-vit D treatment. This is a well described pattern both in clinical and experimental sepsis and may be caused both by insuf- ficient secretion and effect...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2012, 09:57

... analysis of P1 and P3. NMR analysis of compound P1 showed that it represents 20-hydroxyvitamin D3 (Fig. 2, Fig. S1). Compared with vitamin D3 and as an effect of Fig. 1. Metabolism of vitamin D3 by purified ... z 361 (433 ) 4H 2 O) and m ⁄ z 297 and 279 that are present on MS 3 of vitamin D3. There was insufficient product P2 from the action of P450scc on vitamin D3 to perform NMR and there- fore a full ... vitamin D3 is successively hydroxylated in liver and kidney to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the active regulator of calcium metabolism [1]. Calcitriol and its precursors...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... analysis Vitamin • Vitamins are defined as relatively low- molecularweight compounds which humans require small quantities for normal metabolism. • Humans cannot synthesize most vitamins and therefore ... α-amylase, protease and γ-glutamyl hydrolase(conjugase). – Vitamins A, E, or D: Organic solvent extraction, saponification, and re-extraction with organic solvents. For unstable vitamins such as ... hydrolysis. • Nonsolubilized and/ or nondigested materials are collected by filtration, and the fiber residue is recovered, dried, and weighed. Dietary fiber analysis • Starches and proteins are removed...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 15:35

... 1,25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3: isolation, identifi- cation, and biological activity. Arch Biochem Biophys 210, 104–109. 19 Peng X, Hawthorne M, Vaishnav A, St-Arnaud R & Mehta RG (2009) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 ... Partridge JJ, Uskokovic MR & Horst RL (1981) 1 Alpha-25,26-trihydroxyvitamin D3: an in vivo and in vitro metabolite of vitamin D3. Biochemistry 20, 6230–6235. 25 Omura T & Sato R (1964) The ... cells as a standard (Fig. 2). Metabolism of vitamin D 3 in the recombinant S. lividans cell culture Figure 3 shows HPLC profiles of vitamin D 3 and its metabolites. Their retention times and mass...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... Smad3 and T G F -β pathways and inducing HGF mRNA expression and HGF se- cretion in renal interstitial fibroblasts (40). So it was possible that 1,25-(OH) 2D3 could exert anti-apoptotic effect and ... number of podocytes and FPW in 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 group was higher and smaller than those in A DR group, respectively (Table 2 and Figure 1). Table 2 The number of podocytes and FPW in different ... collagenase and culture. Early cellular outgrowths at 5-7 days were selectively removed by a cylinder cloning technique. Cells were replated, and plates growing pure colonies were then expanded and...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:40

... tone, balance, and strengthen liver function and for hepatitis and liver inflammation/pain 2. for high cholesterol 3. for skin care and skin anti-aging (for its antioxidant and ultraviolet ... oil, 3% fixed oil, 4.5% to 5.5% pigments, and 13% to 16% protein, as well as alpha- and beta-carotenoids and other constituents. 7 3. Properties • Oil- and Water-Soluble Annatto Extracts : - Oil-soluble ... 2 Confectionery and frostings 0.3 2 4 0.00 0.0000 0 Egg products 1.9 5 7 0.01 0.0002 0 Fats and oils 17.5 2 4 0.04 0.0006 1 Frozen dairy 25.6 2 10 0.05 0.0009 1 Fruit ices 0.7 5 10 0.00 0.0001 0 Gelatines and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 02:15

... expands the boundaries of signalling mediators, and it is therefore not unlikely that Sky and Mer could be involved in Table 1. Affinities of Gas6 and protein S for Axl, Sky and Mer RTKs within and ... a ligand–receptor system that is emerging as a major regulator of cell survival and turnover during apoptosis under certain physiological and pathological scenarios. Gas6 and protein S, vitamin ... (N-terminal segment and LG1) and green (LG2), and Axl Ig domains are in yellow (IG1) and brown (IG2); a calcium ion in the LG1–LG2 inter- face is shown as a pink sphere, and the Gas6–Axl contact...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... the antibodyselection.PanelB:detectionofRARbyWesternblotting.C,control;D,vitaminA-deficientrats;H,hypervitaminosis. Ó FEBS 2003 Vitamin A status and proliferative control genes (Eur. J. Biochem. 270) 1499 with a 12-h light : 12-h dark cycle. Rats were cared and handled ... of c-jun , p53 and p21 WAF1/CIF1 in liver and lung of control, chronic vitamin A-deficiency and hypervitaminosis rats Based on the results found in the differential display study and taking into ... (ATBC) trial [35] and the b-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) [36] revealed that individuals that were given b-carotene and vitamin A received no protection from cancer and there may even...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... analyzed free vitamin E and γ-oryzanol components in RG and FFRB. The profiles of free vitamin E and γ-oryzanol in RG and FFRB differ significantly. The levels of free vitamin E and γ-oryzanol ... bran and germ, and profiles of vitamin E and γ-oryzanol components in these two different materials are less well-studied. In the current study, vitamin E and γ-oryzanol components in rice bran and ... enables rapid and direct on-line identification and quantification of the vitamin E and γ-oryzanol components in rice bran and germ. KEYWORDS: Rice bran; rice germ; γ-oryzanol; vitamin E; LC-MS/MS INTRODUCTION Free...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 15:33

... of the synthesis and the recycling of vitamin C, and a novel pathway has been described for the degradation of vitamin C in bacteria. This forms the subject of this review. Vitamin C transport, which ... clearly different from glutaredox- in and PDI. SDS ⁄ PAGE analysis gave a single band at 31 kDa and K m values of 0.25 and 2.8 mm were repor- ted for DHA and GSH, respectively. The enzyme had ... Braun L, Mile V, Schaff Z, Csala M, Kardon T, Mandl J & Ba ´ nhegyi G (1999) Induction and C. L. Linster and E. Van Schaftingen Vitamin C metabolism and recycling in mammals FEBS Journal 274 (2007)...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... form of vitamin K, molecular oxygen, carbon dioxide, a vitamin K-dependent carboxylase that also co-ordinately oxidizes vitamin K to the vitamin K epox- ide, and a salvage enzyme, the vitamin ... Conus and vertebrate propeptides and is required for substrate binding, and the other that binds only the vertebrate propeptide and is required for enzyme stimulation. The marked functional and ... vertebrate vitamin K-dependent carboxy- lases, and to compare the structural and functional homologies of this enzyme between invertebrates and vertebrates. Whereas the sequences of the N-terminus and C-terminus...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 10:20

... 1.1 1.9 α-PTEN α-actin Control 5-Aza VD3 5-Aza + VD3 AB CD Fig. 6. Vitamin D promoted the apoptosis induced by 5-Aza. HGC-27 cells were trea- ted with VD3 and 5-Aza (5 l M), and western blotting was used ... anticancer effect of vitamin D, but the mechanisms underlying this action have not been fully explored. Here we show that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3, the active form of vitamin D) significantly ... cells with 5-Aza and VD3, either alone or in combination, and we found that the expression of PTEN was upregulat- ed by over 100-fold after combined treatment with 5-Aza and VD3 (Fig. 6A). Meanwhile,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 21:20

... of vitamin D content of food items. Absorption of vitamin D and metabolic action may be antagonised by other vitamins and nutrients, mainly vitamin A and the retinol compounds (Johansson and ... 25, 429-435. Vitamin D and Cancer 83 Chapter 11 – Observational studies on dietary intakes of vitamin D and cancer 11.1 Background and methods Most studies on vitamin D intakes and cancer have ... Conclusions 105 14 – Randomised trials on vitamin D, cancer and mortality 113 14.1 Rationale for randomised trials 113 14.2 Randomised trials on vitamin D supplements and cancer incidence 113...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 06:58

Ngày tải lên: 02/05/2014, 05:52