opportunities for action to reduce environmental risks for breast cancer

... benefit from using wastewater to irrigate crops is the cash saving from reduced fertiliser rates In the scenario where fertiliser was reduced to 33 % of N, 50 % for P and for K, the saving in fertiliser ... addition Clearly, the use of wastewater for irrigation affords the opportunity for farmers to greatly reduce their fertiliser costs Indeed, unless farmers reduce N fertiliser rate, they risk decreasing ... means to make decisions on how to adjust fertiliser application to supply the crop demand without applying excess or too little For N, the leaf colour chart is already in use by rice farmers to...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... increase individual risks for breast cancer 60-85% and may be identified in 5-10% of all breast cancer cases.28 Personal history of noninvasive breast cancer or previous abnormal breast biopsy containing ... preexisting breast cancer and not considered at high risk for breast cancer based on extensive family history of breast or ovarian cancer or other personal risk factors, such as abnormal breast pathology ... relative risk for breast cancer mortality of 0.85 (95% CrI, 0.75-0.96) for women randomly assigned to screening, and a number needed to invite for screening to prevent one breast cancer death...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 21:20

... disease and cancer It therefore no longer seems reasonable to attend for breast cancer screening In fact, by avoiding going to screening, a woman will lower her risk of getting a breast cancer diagnosis ... mastectomy We recommend the following websites if you would like further information: • the National Breast Cancer Coalition (www.stopbreastcancer.org), whose members are mainly women with breast cancer, ... treatment for breast cancer in Norway: comparative analysis of cancer registry data BMJ 2011;343:d4692 20 NHS cancer screening programmes BASO Breast Audit 1999/2000 www.cancerscreening.nhs.uk/breastscreen/publications.html...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 05:20

... crystallinity, and cytotoxicity on the SUM 225 breast cancer cell line by dynamic light scattering, high performance liquid chromatography, electron microscopies, powder X-ray diffraction, and lactate ... nanoparticles based on poly(lactideco-caprolactone) and poly(lactide-co-glycolide-co-caprolactone) for prostate cancer treatment: formulation, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies Nanoscale Res Lett ... evaluation of Doc-loaded nanocapsules' cytotoxicity The NCs' cytotoxicity was evaluated using the SUM 225 cell line (Asterand, Inc., Detroit, MI, USA) The cytotoxicity after treatment of these cells...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... commonly used in the treatment of breast cancer, oval cancer, small and nonsmall cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, etc Its commercial formulation TaxotereÒ is formulated in high concentration ... respect to various anticancer agents [13, 14] The key attribute for the biological activity of Pluronics is their ability to incorporate into membranes followed by subsequent translocation into the ... 11.42% increase in cytotoxicity, p [ 0.05) for PCL NP formulation and 36.63% (i.e a 38.88% increase in cytotoxicity, p \ 0.05) for PCL/Pluronic F68 NP formulation Similarly, it can be evaluated...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... SNPs are differen tially expressed in the breast cancer subtypes Breast Cancer Res 2007, 9:113 Cleator S, Heller W, Coombes RC: Triple-negative breast cancer: therapeutic options Lancet Oncol ... provided unprecedented tools for dissecting and understanding cancer heterogeneity Five subtypes of breast cancer were initially proposed: luminal A and luminal B (both estrogen receptor (ER)-positive); ... dashed line) from progenitor-like proliferative tumors (basal subtype) to luminal differentiated tumors Breast cancer heterogeneity is due both to different cells of origin and to alterations in the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... studies have tried to identify risks factors as well as methods to reduce complications Risk factors for seroma formation include MRM rather than PM[9], use of electrocautery for ALND[19], older ... Seroma formation following breast cancer surgery Breast J 2003, 5:385-8 Woodworth PA, McBoyle MF, Helmer SD, Beamer RL: Seroma formation after breast cancer surgery: incidence and predicting factors ... seromas following breast cancer surgeries Breast J 2007, 13:588-92 Burak WE Jr, Goodman PS, Young DC, Farrar WB: Seroma formation following axillary dissection for breast cancer: risk factors and lack...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 02:20

... Nicholson RI: Automated quantitation of immunocytochemically localized estrogen receptors in human breast cancer Cancer Res 1990, 5012:3545-3550 British Breast Group: Assessment of response to treatment ... Schiff R: Crosstalk between Estrogen Receptor and Growth Factor Receptor Pathways as a Cause for Endocrine Therapy Resistance in Breast Cancer Clinical Cancer Research 2005, 112:865s-870s Legault-Poisson ... deprivation by an AI reduces the sensitivity of the tumour cells to therapy and interruptions to therapy allows resurgence of estrogenic stimulation leading to restoration of sensitivity to letrozole...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 02:21

... with breast cancer Tamoxifen is an anti-oestrogenic non-steroidal compound widely used for adjuvant therapy in breast cancer [8] Its proven efficacy as a chemotherapeutic agent has led to its ... McKinna JA, Nash AG, Sinnett HD, et al: A pilot trial to evaluate the acute toxicity and feasibility of tamoxifen for prevention of breast cancer Br J Cancer 1989, 60(1):126-31 Fisher B, Costantino ... 33(4):445-8 Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group: Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomized trials Lancet 1998, 351:1451-1467 Cuzick J, Powles T, Veronesi U, Forbes...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:22

... sonography also tended to increased underestimation, only age at the time of biopsy ( 50 years) was presently determined to be an independent predictive factor for breast cancer at surgical excision ... Dupont WD, Page DL: Risk factors for breast cancer in women with proliferative breast disease New England Journal of Medicine, The 1985, 312:146-151 Rosen PP: Proliferative breast "disease" An unresolved ... per their request while were lost to follow-up The definition employed for "histological underestimation" was a lesion diagnosed as ADH at CNB that was revealed to harbor malignant foci at follow-up...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:21

... early reactions, Gy for late reactions In the group assigned to receive 45 Gy to the whole breast, BED was 55 Gy for early effects, 78 Gy for late effects versus 60 Gy for early effects, 83 Gy for ... setting is to assess acute and late toxicity of hypofractionated radiotherapy after conservative surgery using a regimen of 2.25 Gy/fraction to a total dose of 45 Gy to the whole breast followed ... radiotherapy to a total dose of 50 Gy, Gy/fraction and a boost dose of 10 Gy in fractions to the tumour bed Biologically effective dose (BED) was calculated assuming alpha/beta ratio equals to 10 Gy for...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... radiation experience up to a 30-fold increased risks for breast cancer compared with their peers in the general population Travis et al [8] for instance studied breast cancer induction for mantle field ... slope of cancer induction from the linear-no- (2) EARBreast = μ VBreast Vi REDi ≡ μOEDBreast (3) i where the sum is taken over all volume elements Vi of the breast and VBreast is the total breast ... correspondence was used to transform the Travis data, expressed in odds ratios, into EAR However, the LNT risk for breast cancer (μ = 4.8/ 10000PY/Gy according to Eq 4) is subject to an uncertainty...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... (H2cit)4 has significant antitumor, cytotoxic, and cytostatic activity on Ehrlich ascites tumor [7] Although toxic to normal cells, its lower toxicity when compared to carboxylate analogues of rhodium ... were seen to induce greater cytotoxicity after longer treatments (72 hours) Furthermore, it was also demonstrated that its cytotoxic effect differed between breast normal (MCF-10A) and breast carcinoma ... showed toxicity in normal cells [4,31] In our study, Rh2(H2cit)4 was also cytotoxic to in vitro normal cells The IC50 values (Table 2) showed that Rh (H2cit)4 cytotoxic effect was more intense on breast...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 00:23

... Reminder notices given or mailed to patients Patient-held mini-records of preventive services Performance targets for mammographyc Performance targets for clinical breast exams 33 14 20 26 10 52 ... routine use of performance targets for mammography, compared to 8% of the control physicians (p = 0.009) Fifty percent of the physicians had performance targets for clinical breast examinations; ... model for increasing evidence-based breast cancer screening recommendations among practices in urban areas of higher breast cancer mortality The sampling process used in this study allowed us to...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 05:22

... Reminder notices given or mailed to patients Patient-held mini-records of preventive services Performance targets for mammographyc Performance targets for clinical breast exams 33 14 20 26 10 52 ... routine use of performance targets for mammography, compared to 8% of the control physicians (p = 0.009) Fifty percent of the physicians had performance targets for clinical breast examinations; ... model for increasing evidence-based breast cancer screening recommendations among practices in urban areas of higher breast cancer mortality The sampling process used in this study allowed us to...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 16:20

... regimens for breast cancer remain unsatisfactory The relapse rate for breast cancer patients is 85% (Bernard-Marty, Cardoso et al 2004) This highlights the need for the continued research to develop ... express these receptors (Dizdar and Altundag 2010; Keshtgar, Davidson et al 2010) Chemotherapy is the cornerstone therapy for advanced breast cancer, especially for breast cancers that not express ... improve treatment regimens against breast cancer 1.3 Treatment regimens against breast cancer Surgery and radiation are often used to treat early stage localized breast cancer Besides surgery and radiation,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:07

... Bax to mitochondria is one of the key steps for Bax-mediated apoptosis [32,33] and AR is required for UV to induce the translocation of endogenous Bax to mitochondria, prior to apoptosis Inhibition ... a role for AR in breast cancer outcome, AR potently inhibited ERa transactivation activity and 17b-estradiol-stimulated growth of breast cancer cells Transfection of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer ... estrogen receptor status and androgen receptor AR2 allele genotype Total RNA extraction from breast tissue and Quantitative Real-time RT-PCR Total RNA was extracted from 40 (57.1%) histologically...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 03:21

... Early and late skin reactions to radiotherapy for breast cancer and their correlation with radiation-induced DNA damage in lymphocytes Breast Cancer Res 2005, 7:R690-698 Bourton EC, Plowman PN, ... severe subcutaneous late toxicity (grades 3-4) was related to bra size-estimated breast volume (P = 0.037) (Table 4) Breast size is strongly related to late changes in breast appearance possible ... previously published results for breast cancer Data of RIA were available in all 26 breast cancer patients as shown in Table RIA increased with radiation dose and data fitted to a semi logarithmic model...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20