ocular applications of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems

... define drug- delivery systems of a certain size range Reflecting this trend of size definition, Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery Systems is a worthy attempt to bring together a wide range of drug- delivery ... the area of nanoparticulate drug- delivery systems The first chapter covers a complete overview of the nanoparticulate drugdelivery system, covering wide applications and evaluation of the nanoparticulate ... Epstein-Barash, and Gershon Golomb 16 Ocular Applications of Nanoparticulate Drug- Delivery Systems 271 Annick Ludwig 17 Nanoparticulate Systems for Central Nervous System Drug Delivery 281 Jean-Christophe...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:47

... surface of the polymer, resulting in a release rate that is proportional to the surface area of the drug delivery system (See Figure 2.5b) a Drug Drug Drug- loaded biodegradable particles b Drug Drug ... application of SBA-15 in the delivery of the small molecule model drug of ibuprofen (IBU), with emphasis on the influence of the different functional methods on the adsorption and release of IBU Chapter ... sustained release of the large protein model drug of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on SBA-15 Chapter covers the factors affecting stability of the released BSA in fabrication of drug delivery systems, including...

Ngày tải lên: 13/09/2015, 19:46

... stability Chemical Aspects of Drug Delivery Systems Table Routes of administration and general classification of drug delivery systems ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION DRUG DELIVERY CLASS ORAL SOLIDS ... imposed by the nature of the various routes of administration available for drug delivery ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS The principal routes of administration ... Aspects of Drug Delivery Systems Table Mechanisms and properties influencing drug release from particle carrier systems* MECHANISM OF DRUG RELEASE PROPERTIES INFLUENC~NG DRUG DIFFUSION DRUG RELEASE...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 10:20

... A4: series of multiple doses of a conventional drug delivery system B: ideal drug concentration profile PRODRUG What is a prodrug?  Prodrug is an inactive precursor of a drug  Prodrug reconversion ... Targeted drug delivery systems: deliver drug to a desired body location, organ, tissue, specific cells…  Controlled-release drug delivery systems: preprogramed drug release By the route of delivery: ... Society of Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Wiley InterScience journals… CONTENTS Generalities of drug delivery Liposomes as drug delivery systems Polymers and polymeric systems for drug delivery...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 15:37

... construction of drug delivery systems in not too long a time The functionalization of CNTs used in the construction of drug delivery systems will be discussed in later sections In vivo behavior of functionalized ... application of CNTs as the molecular transporter in drug delivery Page 14 of 22 Drug delivery targeted to lymphatic system Many cancers metastasize through lymphatic canal The drug delivery systems ... schematic illustration of the strategy for the preparation of the CNT-based drug delivery systems Figure The modification of CNTs Schematic illustration of modification of CNTs with various molecules...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... for Drug Delivery Systems Drug delivery systems modify the kinetics or the location of the escape of the drug from the medicine Tables 15.1 and 15.2 provide generic reasons for using drug delivery ... types of protein drug [21–23] 15.6 Examples of Biodegradable Polymer Drug Delivery Systems Under Development 15.6.1 Polyketals Polyketal-based drug delivery systems are under development for applications ... polymer applications Zoladex is the most successful (in terms of duration of clinical use and Table 15.1 Use of a drug delivery system for kinetic control Dissolution of drug is too slow Drug and/or...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 08:20

... http://www.molecular-cancer.com/content/10/1/3 Page of 20 Figure Live/non-live delivery systems Live or biological gene delivery systems include viral and/or bacterial vectors Non-live or nonbiological delivery systems mainly include ... induction of greater immune responses compared with those elicited by other routes of delivery However, the results of vaccination via the skin, have sometimes been conflicting, due to the lack of delivery ... advanced class of drug delivery systems, with several formulations in clinical trials Over the past 20 years, a variety of techniques have been developed for encapsulating both conventional drugs (such...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... application of nanodelivery systems in medicine Design of nanotechnology – based drug delivery Systems Nanoparticles can be used in targeted drug delivery at the site of disease to improve the uptake of ... therapy The effectiveness of drug delivery systems can be attributed to their small size, reduced drug toxicity, controlled time release of the drug and modification of drug pharmacokinetics and ... uptake of poorly soluble drugs [8,9], the targeting of drugs to a specific site, and drug bioavailability A schematic comparison of untargeted and targeted drug delivery systems is shown in Figure...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... the delivery of DCU via intravenous (IV) infusion route was explored Similar to oral delivery, IV delivery of DCU was limited by the poor aqueous solubility of DCU The poor aqueous solubility of ... [27] to estimate the amount of drug entering the small intestine as a function of time M = D e−Ke(t) where M is the mass of the drug remaining in the stomach, D is the drug dosed, Ke is the stomach ... SC drug depot should continuously provide a slow release of drug to the bloodstream providing a longer and sometimes steady drug supply Combined, both effects may result in a drug plasma profile...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... Preface A major goal of pharmacotherapeutics is the attainment of an effective drug concentration at the intended site of action for a desired length of time Efficient delivery of a drug while minimizing ... Mitra 251 III Drug Delivery Systems A: Conventional Systems Ocular Penetration Enhancers Thomas Wai-Yip Lee and Joseph R Robinson 281 10 Corneal Collagen Shields for Ocular Drug Delivery Shiro ... Overview of Ocular Drug Delivery Figure Miosis-time profiles: Plots of the average observed changes in pupillary diameter (ÁPD) as a function of time following the instillation of 25.0 mL of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... advantages of direct topical drug administration include targeted drug delivery to the anterior segment of the eye and avoidance of systemic drug toxicity Many of the disadvantages of eyedrops, ... breakdown of ophthalmic drugs in the eye While this biotransformation usually results in loss of efficacy, the development of prodrugs takes advantage of the increased corneal permeability of the prodrug ... penetration and ocular bioavailability of drugs J Ocular Pharmacol., 1:309 Lee, V H L., and Robinson, J R (1986) Review: Topical ocular drug delivery: Recent developments and future challenges J Ocular...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... increased utility of the microdialysis approach in the study of ocular drug delivery and disposition Unique applications of the microdialysis approach in the examination of drug ocular disposition ... delineation of the fundamental mechanisms of vitreal clearance and retinal uptake of drugs (12) More often, ocular pharmacokinetics are determined by obtaining single sample of the ocular fluids ... weight of the diffusing species, and CP represents the concentration of polymer (collagen and hyaluronic acid) in the hydrogel in units of grams of polymer per gram of hydrogel Using the sum of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... to promote site-specific delivery of drugs to intraocular tissues in the back of the eye (23) The increasing interest in intraocular delivery of peptide and protein drugs, drug therapy targeting ... in ocular delivery systems Adv Drug Delivery Rev 16:61–73, 1995 53 Calvo, P., Alonson, M J., Vila-Jato, J L., and Robinson, J R Improved ocular bioavailability of indomethacin by novel ocular drug ... advantage of this route in the design and evaluation of ocular drug delivery systems II OCULAR ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY RELEVANT TO THE NONCORNEAL ROUTE The ocular anatomy and physiology relevant to ocular...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... Routes of delivery: case studies (7) Ocular delivery of peptide and protein drugs, Adv Drug Delivery Rev., 8:331–339 81 Chiou, G C Y (1994) Systemic delivery of polypeptide drugs through ocular ... Noncorneal delivery is not a panacea and will probably have niche utility in ocular drug delivery The greatest potential for the concept appears to be in the area of intraocular delivery of polar ... basis of drug penetration via the noncorneal pathway The challenge for the future is to creatively apply the available knowledge to the practical design of drugs and drug delivery systems for ocular...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... their delivery via the ocular route may be viable However, one of the principal problems in the ocular delivery of peptide and protein drugs is that of relatively low bioavailability to the ocular ... increase the ocular absorption of topically applied hydrophilic but not lipophilic drugs, while not affecting the systemic absorption of either type of drug In addition, the presence of sites beyond ... sodium taurocholate IV OCULAR DELIVERY OF PEPTIDE AND PROTEIN DRUGS Peptides and proteins may be instilled into the eye for local/topical use Instillation of a topical dose of a drug to the eye leads...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... advantageous properties of several delivery systems will enhance the use of gene therapy and provide flexibility in the treatment of many diseases Non Viral Vectors One of the greatest concerns ... therapeutically active drugs This is a fascinating technology that has the potential of being a tailor-made delivery system that will improve the therapeutic index of a number of drugs Another modification ... refers to a number of related inherited retinal diseases with an incidence of in 3000 An understanding of the genetic causes of retinitis pigmentosa could lead to delivery of specific genes in...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... reviewed as a new drug product by the FDA’s Drug Center (CDER) V CLINICAL TESTING OF NEW OPHTHALMIC DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS A Human Versus Animal Testing Human drug products are often tested during ... regulation of food, drugs, devices, and cosmetics One of the major provisions of the Act was the reauthorization of PDUFA for years as described above A number of the reforms affecting drug products ... therapeutics: drug delivery and targeting Adv Drug Delivery Rev., 18:115–131 167 J W Jaroszewski, and J S Cohen (1991) Cellular uptake of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides Adv Drug Delivery Rev.,...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 00:20

... increased utility of the microdialysis approach in the study of ocular drug delivery and disposition Unique applications of the microdialysis approach in the examination of drug ocular disposition ... delineation of the fundamental mechanisms of vitreal clearance and retinal uptake of drugs (12) More often, ocular pharmacokinetics are determined by obtaining single sample of the ocular fluids ... weight of the diffusing species, and CP represents the concentration of polymer (collagen and hyaluronic acid) in the hydrogel in units of grams of polymer per gram of hydrogel Using the sum of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20