nonlinear optical effects in wdm transmission

... all -optical gate based on nonlinear effects in LiNbO3 Two-photon absorption as a nonlinear effect has been considered an attractive solution for several applications including all -optical switching ... all -optical gate [1.2] based on nonlinear effects in LiNbO3 In the past two decades different methods for all -optical communication systems have been developed most of which include optical nonlinear ... the third-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor In Section 1.5, two-photon absorption in an isotropic medium as a special case of optical nonlinearity NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS IN CdS AND Au:CdS...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 23:07

... Survivable Routing in WDM Networks The failure in optical communication networks such as accidental fiber link disruption or switching device disorder will affect a huge amount of bandwidth in transmission, ... divided into path protection and link protection In the former, a working path and a link-disjoint protection path are pre-computed for each connection In the later, each link of the working path ... Routing Dependable Connections in WDM Optical Networks, IEEE Transactions on networking (2001) 553 [4] S Yuan, J.P Jue, Dynamic Lightpath Protection in WDM Mesh Networks under Wavelength Continuity...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 13:20

... with a thin aluminum film Detailed fabrication procedures of the NSOM probes will be presented elsewhere JIN et al Plasmonic effects in near-field optical transmission enhancement through a single ... proposed in the context of achieving both high optical transmission and subwavelength optical resolution as a single subwavelength aperture structure [29–35] The ridge aperture, featuring a narrow ... nanometer-scale light spot with intense optical intensity, therefore providing enhanced optical transmission at the length scale far beyond the diffraction limit However, the mechanism of transmission enhancement...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 09:01

... Observations Traffic grooming in WDM networks 9.1 Traffic grooming in WDM rings 9.2 Static traffic grooming in rings 9.3 Dynamic traffic grooming in WDM networks Gains of traffic grooming 10.1 Network parameters ... TRAFFIC GROOMING IN WDM OPTICAL NETWORKS The advent of fiber optic transmission systems and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) have led to a dramatic increase in the usable bandwidth of single-fiber ... and Computer Engineering at Iowa State University His research interests are in the area of fault-tolerant computing, computer interconnection networks, WDM- based optical networking, and parallel...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 11:37

... Exciton effects on the nonlinear optical rectification in one-dimesional quantum dots Phys Lett A 2005, 335:175 Baskoutas S, Paspalakis E, Terzis AF: Effects of excitons in nonlinear optical ... Figures 2b and 3b to ω0 = × 1014 s-1 In each figure, we present the corresponding nonlinear optical coefficient considering excitonic effects with and without Coulomb interaction For comparative purposes, ... second-order nonlinear coefficients focusing in the role played by the Coulomb interaction Conclusions are summarized in final section Theory The effective-mass Hamiltonian for the electron-hole pair in...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... to describe inter-atomic forces by using bond stretching and bending The role of strain (for three different shapes) in determining the bound levels is analyzed in detail Considering three different ... stretched in the growth plane, and in the central eB = 0, which means that there is no splitting for the valence band in the position The compressing and stretching condition of bottom in the pyramid ... microscopic structure in wurtzite and zinc-blende InGaN using modified valence force field model, J Appl Phys 88, 1104 (2000) 15 H Jiang, J Singh, Strain distribution and electronic spectra of InAs/GaAs self-assembled...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

... be m sϪ1 during winter and summer and 10 m sϪ1 during spring, which were average values collected at the CHARM site in 2003 (wind speeds at the CHARM mooring were not measured in 2004 and 2005) ... absorption, particle scattering, backscattering, and attenuation coefficients; backscattering ratio; ratio of backscattering to absorption, single-scattering albedo; index of refraction of particles; ... variables at corresponding wavelengths The 95% confidence interval of the linear slope that crosses the zero line in a slope diagram indicates that there is no significant linear relationship between...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... opportunities in Information Technology at RIMT institute of Engineering and Technology, Punjab, pp 1-6, Mar.2008 vi S P Singh, and N Singh, Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers: Origins, Management ... Highly Nonlinear FibersforOptical Signal Processing,” Furukawa Review, no 23, 2003 xx K Thyagarajan, and AjoyGhatak, “Some important nonlinear effects in optical fibers,” Guided Wave Optical ... SMF-28fibers including the influence of the length of the induced fiber At the output of the system, the FWMprocess between the pump and the signal in any specific optical fiber gave rise to a FWM effects...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 17:07

... decade Objective: • Review of Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers Back Close Major Nonlinear Effects • Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) 4/100 • Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) • Self-Phase Modulation ... Close Nonlinear Phase Shift • Pulse propagation governed by Nonlinear Schr¨dinger Equation o 22/100 ∂ A β2 ∂ 2A i − + γ|A|2A = ∂z ∂t • Dispersive effects within the fiber included through β2 • Nonlinear ... bI2(t)] • An optical beam modifies not only its own phase but also of other copropagating beams (XPM) • XPM induces nonlinear coupling among overlapping optical pulses Back Close XPM-Induced Chirp...

Ngày tải lên: 09/07/2014, 08:14

... possibility to calculate nonlinear mixed -effects models either with the MACRO NLINMIX or the new procedure PROC NLINMIX in the actual release In S-PLUS procedure for nonlinear mixedeffects models belongs ... Scots pine 837 Table IV Final conditional nonlinear mixed -effects- model M3r The rows β0–β3 correspond to the fixed -effects segmented regression model (intercept, linear, quadratic trend, linear ... Conditional nonlinear mixed -effects model M3, M4, M3r Nonlinear mixed -effects models provide not only unbiased consistent estimates of the demarcation line, but also possibilities to examine the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... discussed in section 1.2 The applications of nonlinear effects in optical sensing systems are analyzed in section 1.3 The objectives of the work are presented in section 1.4 1.1 The Physical Effects in ... in intensity dependent refractive index changing, which leads to spectral broadening of optical pulses SPM was first observed in 1967 in the transient self-focusing of optical pulses propagating ... material, nonlinear effects are quite important in the optical transmission systems as the light is confined in a small area in the fiber Nonlinear effect is one of key issues which limit the transmission...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:01

... corresponding to an incoming link, M wavelength multiplexers each corresponding to an outgoing link, and W M × M optical switches each corresponding to a wavelength The incoming signal on a link is ... combines all the different wavelengths from optical switches into the corresponding outgoing link This configuration allows a wavelength on an incoming link to be switched to any outgoing link, independent ... Point-to-Point Link WDM point-to-point links are being deployed by several telecommunication companies due to the increasing demands on communication bandwidth Figure 1.3 shows an example of a WDM point-to-point...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:35

... electronically (including forwarding and switching) and the data packet is optically buffered using FDLs The switching of an optical packet has been evolving from conventional packet switching in the electronic ... introduced in [64] with the difference of minimizing the ending void instead of minimizing Start time and end time of scheduled bursts are maintained Chapter Related Work 28 the starting void in LAUC-VF ... the electronic domain to switching in the optical domain to increase the switching speed Apart from expediting the packet switching, an OPS network supports statistical multiplexing and hence utilizes...

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 15:55

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 17:06

... considerable interest in providing differentiated reliable connections in WDM optical networks The problem of providing reliable connections in optical ring networks is considered in [63, 64] In [63] ... considerable interest in carrying IP over WDM networks in an efficient manner This is because the rapid pace of developments in WDM technology is now beginning to shift the focus more toward optical ... 1.5 Outline of Remaining Chapters CHAPTER .10 SURVIVABILITY IN WDM OPTICAL NETWORKS 10 2.1 Terminology and Background 10 2.2 Survivability Schemes in WDM Mesh...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 17:06

... phenomenologically be interpreted in terms of interband relaxation Thus, combining the interaction with the optical wave giving rise to absorption and stimulated emission, intraband relaxation ... can also be taken into account by identifying it as an intraband relaxation and including it in  r The refractive index change induced by the carriers can also be calculated in a similar manner ... called gain saturation In a laser oscillator where the saturation effect is taken into account, with increase in the injection current above the threshold, the gain is kept constant to maintain the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 20:15

... understanding of link restoration algorithms for mesh networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM ’01 [7] R Barry, S Finn and M Medard, WDM loop-back in mesh networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM ... node-disjoint and edge-disjoint paths problems, by defining F in different ways For example, if each Si in F contains exactly one edge in G such that each edge in the graph is represented by a set in ... survivable WDM photonic network,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM ’97 [14] E Modiano and A Narula-Tam, “Survivable routing of logical topologies in WDM networks,” in Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM ’01...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 23:20

... for learning Should children be educated at home or in school? Home Schooling: The Right Choice? Are parents really helping their children by teaching them at home? In most countries in the world, ... skills that compensate for the decline in the ability of the brain to grasp and remember new material They can organize their learning by setting times for reading or practice They can build on ... further learning is pointless, since they have already achieved many goals at work or in their personal life In conclusion, I feel that we cannot generalize about children or adults being better...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 19:20

... (2005) The intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of the measles virus nucleoprotein interacts with the C-terminal domain of the phosphoprotein via two distinct sites and remains predominantly ... (2008) Mapping alpha-helical induced folding within the intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain of the measles virus nucleoprotein by site-directed spin-labeling EPR spectroscopy Proteins 73, ... protein domains proteins containing disordered segments, and highlighted the effects of the unordered regions on the properties of covalently linked globular domains (in this case on the tumbling...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... percent in 1990-91 Accordingly, FDI in India continues to be motivated by serving local markets in the first place But the increasing export orientation may have favorable effects on India’s ... support India’s industrial upgrading In 199091, such transfers were largely confined to FDI in engineering They still figure most prominently in this area, with transport equipment standing out ... and Finance 40: 337-354 Gupta, S (2005) Multinationals and Foreign Direct Investment in India and China In: E.M Graham (ed.), Multinationals and Foreign Investment in Economic Development Basingstoke...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:20