... efficiency
of parameter-setting acquisition models.
We have recently run experiments of seven
parameter-setting (P&P) modelsofacquisition on
the domain. What follows is a brief discussion of ... resource for
investigators interested in computational modelsof
natural language acquisition.
2 The Language Domain Database
The focus of the language domain database,
(hereafter LDD), is to ... 27 (4), 605-622.
Briscoe, T. (2000). Grammatical acquisition: Inductive
bias and coevolution oflanguage and the language
acquisition device. Language, 76 (2), 245-296.
Chomsky, N. (1981) Lectures...
... ignored in the for-
mal studies oflanguage acquisition. In the rest of
this section, I show that if this condition is taken se-
riously, previous modelsoflanguageacquisition have
difficulties ... population of grammars
Learning, including language acquisition, can be
characterized as a sequence of states in which the
learner moves from one state to another. Transfor-
mational modelsoflanguage ... Institute of Technology
Cambridge, MA 02139
charles@ai, mit. edu
Abstract
This paper argues that developmental patterns in
child language be taken seriously in computational
models oflanguage acquisition, ...
... intersection of two matricible
languages is again a matricible language.
Proof. This is a direct consequence of the con-
siderations in Section 6 together with the observa-
tion, that the new set of acceptance ... (non-context-free) language
{a
m
b
m
c
m
| m > 0}.
The following properties of matrix grammars
and matricible language are straightforward.
Proposition 2 All languages characterized by a
set of linear ... underlying word space models; e.g.,
the modelsof Widdows (2008) and Giesbrecht
(2009) feature dimensionality reduction while that
of Mitchell and Lapata (2008) does not. In the
light of these findings,...
... true of me”; (2) “Usually not true of
me”, (3) “Somewhat true of me”, (4) “Usually true of me” or (5) “Always true of
me”.
For the convenience of the respondents and the researcher’s purpose of ... improve competence in a second
language . Therefore, the language learner capable of using a wide variety of
language learning strategies appropriately can improve his language skills in a
better ... statement is (1)“Never true of me”; (2)“Usually not true of
me”, (3) “Somewhat true of me”, (4) “Usually true of me” or (5) “Always true of
me”.
The whole set of questionnaire was translated...
... of a variety oflanguage
models trained from text or speech corpora of vari-
ous genres and sizes. The largest available language
models are based on written text: we investigate the
effect of ... text languagemodels as opposed to
language models based on speech transcripts. Sec-
ond, we develop a new set of reranker features ex-
plicitly designed to capture important properties of
speech ... set of reranker features,
which consisted of features for all of the language
models plus the extended (i.e., indicator) features,
and used this model to analyse the test data. The f-
score of...
... size of the web mixture
LM is limited to the size of the baseline
in-domain LM.
1 Introduction
An automatic speech recognition (ASR) system
consists of acoustic modelsof speech sounds and
of a ... Kneser-
Ney smoothed n-gram models. IEEE Transac-
tions on Audio, Speech and Language Processing,
15(5):1617–1624.
A. Stolcke. 1998. Entropy-based pruning of backoff
language models. In Proc. DARPA ... FSTs of differ-
ent sizes. The FSTs contain the acoustic models,
language model and lexicon, but the LM makes up
for most of the size. The availability of data varies
for the different languages,...
...
Based n-gram Modelsof Natural Language& quot;.
Computational Linguistics,
18(4):467-480.
C. Chang and C. Chen. 1996. "Application Is-
sues of SA-class Bigram Language Models& quot;. ... Acquisi-
tion ofLanguageModels for Speech Recog-
nition". Master's thesis, Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology.
M. Meteer and J.R. Rohlicek. 1993. "Statis-
tical Language ... "Scalable
Trigram Backoff Language Models& quot;. Techni-
cal Report CMU-CS-96-139, Carnegie Mellon
University.
S. Sneff. 1992. "TINA: A natural language sys-
tem for spoken language applications"....
... national language policy currently in place in Botswana, is that Setswana is the national
language of the country (Republic of Botswana 1985:8). So, despite the existence of other
local languages, ... parts of the world, education is for the most part the preserve of the few (elites). The
choice of which language or dialect to use to teach (medium of instruction) reflects the
interests of those ... second and even third languages are added to the learners’ repertoire of
language systems whilst sustaining the primary language through the schooling process
instead of subtractive bilingualism...
... assists in the successful
acquisition of a second language. At the same time it is necessary to view motivation as
one of a number of variables in an intricate model of interrelated individual ... Instrumental motivation is often characteristic of second language acquisition,
where little or no social integration of the learner into a community using the target
language takes place, or ... in
Second Language Acquisition
Jacqueline Norris-Holt
This paper explores Gardner's socio-educational model and the significance of motivation
as a contributing factor in second language (L2) acquisition. ...
... women in the form of the right to an abortion as
an instrument of care-giving not to the fetus, of course, but to others. We can
see a good example of the use of a traditional model of motherhood ... with
homicide of the inhabitants of the farm house, he can rightly point out that the object
of the law of homicide is to save life, and that by his conduct he has eVected a net
saving of innocent ... model of motherhood and abortion rights
Underlying the problem deWnition of abortion rights is a traditional view of
motherhood – one that rests upon a relational view of women, deWned in
terms of...