mode transmission in optical fiber
nonlinear effects in optical fibers-govind p. agrawal
Ngày tải lên :
09/07/2014, 08:14
... An optical beam modifies not only its own phase but also of other copropagating beams (XPM) • XPM induces nonlinear coupling among overlapping optical pulses Back Close XPM-Induced Chirp • Fiber ... Objective: • Review of Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers Back Close Major Nonlinear Effects • Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) 4/100 • Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) • Self-Phase Modulation ... ≈ 2vA|k p| sin(θ /2) • In a single -mode fiber θ = 180◦, resulting in νB = ΩB/2π = 2n pvA/λ p ≈ 11 GHz, if we use vA = 5.96 km/s, n p = 1.45, and λ p = 1.55 µm Back Close Brillouin Gain Spectrum...
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Four wave mixing in optical fibers and its applications by osamu aso , masateru tadakuma and shu namiki
Ngày tải lên :
16/07/2014, 08:55
... satisfying condition (c) Unless polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) is used, the state of polarization at launching is not maintained until output This is due to variations in polarization in the ... Reducing fiber length is also significant in terms of condition (b), since it results in a homogeneous chromatic dispersion distribution along the fiber Reducing fiber length is also effective in ... was introduced in the discussion of coherent length, can also be considered, in determining fiber length, as limiting the bandwidth, This limited bandwidth corresponds to the minimum value in...
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Advanced measurement techniques in optical fiber sensor and communication systems
Ngày tải lên :
10/09/2015, 08:41
... Types of fiber gratings: (a) fiber Bragg grating, (b) long-period fiber grating, (c) chirped fiber grating, (d) tilted fiber grating 12 Fig 2.1 (a) Q-switching operation principle, (b) ... summarized in the 15th Optical Fiber Sensors (OFS) Conference as the technologies involved in Fig 1.3 In section 1.2.1, the most popular topic in optical fiber sensors, fiber grating sensor technology, ... sensor heads 11 Fig 1.4 Types of fiber gratings: (a) fiber Bragg grating, (b) long-period fiber grating, (c) chirped fiber grating, (d) tilted fiber grating In FBGs, the Bragg wavelength λB,...
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Optical Fiber Sensors to Detect Volatile Organic Compound in Sick Build- ing Syndrome Applications potx
Ngày tải lên :
14/03/2014, 20:20
... handle with sensors [43], and this is very interesting when thinking about installing them in a building All of them could be controlled on line and real time in parallel, so if one doesn’t work properly, ... studied along the 1990s [21] In most of them, a segment of the fiber acts as sensing area (avoiding open paths, as in extrinsic sensors) Optical fibers have a cladding around a core, and its properties ... efforts Finally, the sensitivity can be also increased taking advantage of the fact that the light travels through the core of the optical fiber: it consists on synthesizing a segment of optical fiber...
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analysis of fwm penalties in dwdm systems base on g.652, g.653, and g.655 optical fiber
Ngày tải lên :
08/07/2014, 17:07
... FWM products coincide in frequency with the channels injected into the fiber, giving rise to severe crosstalk Additionally, the results then obtained showed that, in a single -mode fiber (SMF), ... mixing in optical fiber links with non-uniform chromatic dispersion”, Microwave and Optical Tech Letters, vol 39, no 2, pp 102-105, October 2003 [5] W Zeiler, “Modeling of four-wave mixing in optical ... L) F F 654 International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 4:10 2009 A SNR and Positioning of the Channels in the 1550 nm Window To investigate how the system SNR is influenced by...
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Tài liệu Addressing profitability challenges in Advanced Fiber Management for FTTP networks ppt
Ngày tải lên :
21/12/2013, 07:17
... is to incorporate optical splitters The optical splitter is used for many purposes, such as combining signals and multicasting Within the ODF, these devices provide a “window” onto the fiber ... within the CO for fault isolation in the PON portion of the network It would involve designating a spare fiber between the CO and FDH as a test fiber with a dedicated port in the cabinet In the ... the problem Using a maintenance fiber in the FDH cabinet, a test link is established between every subscriber and the CO However, the key is the optical switch By permanently linking test equipment...
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Tài liệu Specialty Optical Fibers Handbook docx
Ngày tải lên :
19/02/2014, 09:20
... Managing Director of Fibercore Limited He began his career in optical fibers in 1982 at Corning’s pilot manufacturing facility in Wilmington, North Carolina He received a PhD from the Optical Fiber ... founder of MCH Engineering LLC, a consulting firm specializing in optical fiber sensing technology ´ Dr Mendez has over 20 years of experience in optical fiber technology, sensors, ´ and instrumentation ... Handling of Carbon-Coated Hermetic Fibers 14.6.1 Fiber Strength 14.6.2 Fiber Handling 14.6.3 Fiber Stripping, Cleaving, and Connectorization 14.6.4 Fusion Splicing 14.6.5 Fiber Color 14.7 Specifying...
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Recommendations for Use of Antiretroviral Drugs in Pregnant HIV-1-Infected Women for Maternal Health and Interventions to Reduce Perinatal HIV Transmission in the United States pdf
Ngày tải lên :
05/03/2014, 13:20
... regimens, including those with zidovudine alone; zidovudine plus lamivudine; single-dose nevirapine; and single-dose nevirapine combined with either short-course zidovudine or zidovudine/lamivudine.3-12 ... to elimination of perinatal transmission in the United States include the continued increase in HIV infection in women of childbearing age;12 absent or delayed prenatal care, particularly in women ... zidovudine/lamivudine.3-12 In general, combination regimens are more effective than single-drug regimens in reducing perinatal transmission In addition, for prevention of perinatal transmission, administration...
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Monetary Policy Transmission in Ghana: Does the Interest Rate Channel Work? pptx
Ngày tải lên :
15/03/2014, 14:20
... change in bank-specific savings deposit interest rate) Variable/Model C D_SD_INT(-1) D_SD_INT(-2) D_SD_INT(-3) D_TB_91_D D_IB_RATE 0.02 0.15 *** -0.17 *** 0.11 ** 0.08 *** Model Model Model Model Model ... lending interest rates, which declined in nominal and real terms during this period, and faster credit growth For instance, the average retail lending interest rate declined from 29 percent in ... responsiveness in the lending interest rate at the retail level Using the estimation results for the retail time deposit18 (Model in Table 6) and retail lending interest rates (Model in Table 8), and taking...
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current status of micro and nano structured optical fiber sensors
Ngày tải lên :
19/03/2014, 16:47
... film crystalline structure and microscopic parameters spread Keywords: In2 O3, mobility; gas sensitivity Introduction In2 O3 is investigated since decades At the beginning the scientific interest was, ... the interest for gas an sensors based on this compound begun to increase Since then several pertinent investigations [5, 14] on the O3-sensing properties of In2 O3 have been performed resulting in ... operate as gas sensing elements In spite of this principle scientific interest we did not find any articles dealing with the electrical transport in granular In2 O3 layers for gas sensing and, to the...
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Evidence on Interest Rate Channel of Monetary Policy Transmission in India ppt
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 13:20
... 5.75 6.00 24.0 5.5 Maintain an interest rate environment to contain inflation and anchor inflation expectations, maintaining liquidity in moderate deficit and respond to increasing downside risks ... spending, saving and investment behaviour of individuals and firms in the economy In a simplistic view, other things being equal, higher interest rates tend to encourage saving rather than spending ... works in India, as in other six EMEs considered by them Evolution of Monetary Policy Operating Framework in India In India, as in most countries, monetary policy framework has evolved in response...
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Optical fiber communication solution manual
Ngày tải lên :
31/03/2014, 23:51
... Eq (5-20) the coupling efficiency ηF is given by the ratio of the number of modes in the receiving fiber to the number of modes in the emitting fiber, where the number of modes M is found from ... 2π ⌠ cos3 θ sin θ dθ dθs r dr ⌡ ⌡ ⌡0 2π Using θ0 ⌠ cos3 θ sin θ dθ ⌡ sin θ0 θ0 = ⌠ ( - sin2 θ) sin θ d(sin θ) = ⌠ ( x - x3) dx ⌡ ⌡ 0 we have rm ⌠ 2π sin2 θ 0-max sin4 θ0-max ⌠ ... nglass sin φglass = nair sin φair with φair = 90° and nair = 1.0 ∴ φcritical = arcsin n glass = arcsin = 40.5° 1.540 2-9 Air r Water θ 12 cm Find θc from Snell's law n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θc = When...
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kaminow, i. p. (2001). optical fiber telecommunications iv-b
Ngày tải lên :
18/04/2014, 11:07
... properties of fibers and cables (for the most part, multimode fibers) Only one chapter covers optical sources, mainly multimode AlGaAs lasers operating in the 800- to 900-nm band The remaining chapterscover ... and a bit rate of 45 Mb/s in multimode fiber Lightwave systems were upgraded in 1984 to 1310nm and 417 or 560 Mb/s in single -mode fiber in the United States as well as in Europe and Japan The year ... of optical switchingin modern networking architectures After reviewing principles of networking, they consider in detail various aspects of the topic The performance and requirements for an optical...
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kaminow, i. p. (1997). optical fiber telecommunications iii-a
Ngày tải lên :
18/04/2014, 12:24
... properties of fibers and cables for the most part, multimode fibers A single chapter covers optical sources, mainly multimode AlGaAs lasers operating in the 800- to 900-nm band The remaining chapters ... these in turn next Point-to-Point Links The simplest transmission networking architectural element is the pointto-point transmission link Even such an element is quite complex when looked at in ... multimode fiber Topics include vapor-phase methods for fabricating low-loss fiber operating at 1310 and 1550 nm, understanding chromatic dispersion and various nonlinear effects, and designing...
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kaminow, i. p. (1997). optical fiber telecommunications iii-b
Ngày tải lên :
18/04/2014, 12:31
... properties of fibers and cables - for the most part, multimode fibers A single chapter covers optical sources, mainly multimode AlGaAs lasers operating in the 800- to 900-nm band The remaining chapters ... service in January 1983, operating at a wavelength of 820 nm and a bit rate of 45 Mb/s in multimode fiber Lightwave systems were upgraded in 1984 to 1310 nm and about 500 Mb/s in single -mode fiber in ... erbium-doped fiber with aluminum and germanium co- - - - 100%inversion - 80% inversion - _ _ _ _ 60% inversion 40% inversion 20% inversion 0%inversion - inversion - - - -40% inversion -60% inversion...
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kaminow, i. p. (2001). optical fiber telecommunications iv-a
Ngày tải lên :
18/04/2014, 12:33
... and a bit rate of 45 Mb/s in multimode fiber Lightwave systems were upgraded in 1984 to 1310nm and 417 or 560 Mb/s in single -mode fiber in the United States as well as in Europe and Japan The year ... of optical switching in modern networking architectures After reviewing principles of networking, they consider in detail various aspects of the topic The performance and requirements for an optical ... dispersion mapping, and nonlinearity, defined as pseudo-linear transmission in Chapter and here as “quasi-linear” transmission The authors show how both DMS and CRZ exhibit aspects of linear transmission...
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mode detection in online handwritten documents using blstm neural
Ngày tải lên :
28/04/2014, 10:11
... digital-ink into segments which are written in one single writing mode, text or non-text The mode who’s segments are covering the majority of an individual stroke is chosen to be the predicted mode ... documents are used for training, 200 for validation, and 203 for testing The division of the data into these three subsets was introduced in [11] In the training phase, the following configurations were ... are split into so called slices, each containing 40 consecutive strokes In order to have a valid label sequence as ground truth for the slices in the training set, strokes at the beginning and...
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Monitoring function in optical network
Ngày tải lên :
30/05/2014, 21:46
... Monitoring and Signal Processing in Optical Networks 2.3.1 Monitoring The engineering of high-bit-rate WDM optical transmission systems requires a careful control of each channel characteristic in ... performed either in the optical domain (for instance, by using sum-frequency generation in a non-linear crystal (Shake et al 1998)) or, more commonly, in the electrical domain by gating the photo-detected ... time-domain monitoring techniques, which involve the sampling of the channel Signal Processing, Management and Monitoring in Transmission Networks 81 Fig 2.18 Representation of the sampling of...
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