kaminow, i. p. (2001). optical fiber telecommunications iv-b

OPTICAL FIBER TE LE C 0 M M U N I CAT I SYSTEMS AND IMPAIRMENTS OPTICAL FIBER TELECOMMUNICATIONS IV B SYSTEMS AND IMPAIRMENTS OPTICAL FIBER TELECOMMUNICATIONS IV B SYSTEMS AND IMPAIRMENTS Edited by IVAN P. KAMINOW Bell Laboratories (retired) Kaminow Lightwave Technology Holmdel, New Jersey TINGYE LI AT&T Labs (retired) Boulder, Colorado ACADEMIC PRESS An Elsevier Science Imprint San Diego San Francisco New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright @ 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The appearance of the code at the bottom of the hst page of a chapter in this book indicates the Publisher’s consent that copies of the chapter may be made for personal or internal use of speci6c clients. This consent is given on the condition, however, that the copier pay the stated per copy fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, Massachusetts 01923), for copying beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law. This consent does not extend to other kinds of copying, such as copying for general distribution, for advertising or promotional purposes, for creating new collective works, or for resale. Copy fees for pre-2001 chapters are as shown on the title pages. If no fee code appears on the title page, the copy fee is the same as for current chapters. $35.00. Academic Press An Elsevier Science Imprint 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http://www.academicpress.com Academic Press Harcourt Place, 32 Jamestown Road, London NW17BY, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Control Number: 2001098830 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-395173-9 PRINTED IN CHINA 02 03 04 05 06 07 RDC 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Florence and Edith, with love Contents Contributors xi Chapter 1 Overview Ivan 19 Kaminow Chapter 2 Growth of the Internet Kerry G. Coflman and Andrew M. Odbzko Chapter 3 Optical Network Architecture Evolution John Strand Chapter 4 Undersea Communication Systems Neal S. Bergano Chapter 5 High-Capacity, Ultra-Long-Haul Networks John Zyskind, Rick Bany, Graeme Pendock, Michael Cahill, and Jinendra Ranka 1 17 57 154 198 Chapter 6 Pseudo-Linear Transmission of High-speed TDM Signals: 40 and 160 Gb/s Red-Jean Essiambre, Gregory Raybon, and Benny Mikkelsen 232 vii [...]... as fibers, cables, and laser sources, are updated But a much larger list of topics covers fields not previously included In A , for example, transceiver design, EDFAs, laser sources, optical fiber components,planar (silica on silicon) integrated circuits, lithium niobate devices, and photonic switching are reviewed And in By SONET (synchronous optical network) standards, fiber and cable design, fiber. .. Chynoweth was an Executive Director in the Murray Hill Laboratory, leading the optical fiber research Many groups were active at other laboratories in the United States, Europe, and Japan OFT, however, was written exclusively by Bell Laboratories authors, who nevertheless aimed to incorporate global results 1 OPTICAL FIBER TELECOMMUNICATIONS, VOLUME IVB Copyright 0 2002, Elsevier Science (USA) n All... was pursued by established telecommunications company labs (AT&T, NTT, and the British Post Office among them) By 1979, enough progress had been made in lightwave technology to warrant a book, Optical Fiber Telecommunications( OFlJ, edited by S E Miller and A G Chynoweth, summarizing the state of the art Two sequels have appeared: in 1988, OFT 11, edited by S E Miller and I P Kaminow, and in 1997, OFT... and book B the system and system impairment chapters BOOKA: COMPONENTS Design of Optical Fibers for Communications Systems (Chapter 2) Optical fiber has been a key element in each of the previous volumes of OFT The present chapter by DiGiovanni, Boncek, Golowich, Das, Blyler, and White reflects a maturation of the field: fiber performance must now go beyond simple low attenuation and must exhibit critical... new low-cost fiber designs for emerging metropolitan and access markets Further down the network chain, the design of multimode glass and plastic fiber for the highly cost-sensitivelocal area network market are also explored Finally, current research on hollow core and photonic bandgap fiber structures is summarized New Materials for Optical Amplifiers (Chapter 3) In addition to transport, fiber plays... antimony silicates, and tellurite They also report on extended band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), thulium-doped fiber amplifiers, and 980 nm ytterbium fiber lasers for pumping EDFAs Advances in Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (Chapter 4) The development of practical EDFAs has ushered in a generation of dense WDM (DWDM) optical networks These systems go beyond single frequency or even multifrequency... single-frequency and WDM systems The applications of main interest, however, are in optical signal processing, where SOAs are used in wavelength conversion, optical time division multiplexing, optical phase 10 Ivan P Kaminow conjugation, and all -optical regeneration The latter topic is covered in detail in the following chapter All -Optical Regeneration: Principles and WDM Implementation (Chapter 15) A basic... than in the previous volume The initial chapters of OFT 1 cover fibers, cables, and connectors, deal1 ing with both single- and multimode fiber Topics include vapor-phase methods for fabricating low-loss fiber operating at 13 10 and 1550 nm, understanding chromatic dispersion and nonlinear effects, and designing polarization-maintaining fiber Another large group of chapters deals with 1.Overview 3 a... laser Finally, he compares various waveguide materials: silica, lithium niobate, semiconductor, and polymer Fiber Grating Devices in High-Performance Optical Communication Systems (Chapter 10) The fiber Bragg grating is ideally suited to lightwave systems because of the ease of integrating it into the fiber structure The technology for economically fabricating gratings has developed over a relatively short... have been published, this series has developed a special character, with a reputation for comprehensiveness and authority, because of its unique history Optical Fiber Telecommunications was published in 1979, at the dawn of the revolution in lightwave telecommunications It was a stand-alone work that aimed to collect all available information on lightwave research Miller was Director of the Lightwave . OPTICAL FIBER TE LE C 0 M M U N I CAT I SYSTEMS AND IMPAIRMENTS OPTICAL FIBER TELECOMMUNICATIONS IV B SYSTEMS AND IMPAIRMENTS OPTICAL FIBER TELECOMMUNICATIONS IV. & B). This chapter briefly summarizes the previous books and chronicles the remarkably changing climates associated with each period of their publica- tion. The main purpose, however, is. has developed a special character, with a reputation for comprehensiveness and authority, because of its unique history. Optical Fiber Telecommunications was published in 1979, at the dawn