methods for the qualitative evaluation

... precision values above 50% for the first 10% of the list, but is outper- formed by the t-test afterwards. Looking at the first 40% of the data, there is a big gap between the good measures (t-test, ... stated at the be- ginning of this section, the performance of and relative to the other AMs is not better for high-frequency data than for low-frequency data. Instead, the poor performance observed ... suitable for a qualitative evaluation of lexi- cal association measures, mainly for the follow- ing reasons: the instability of precision values ob- tained from the first few percent of the data in the SLs;...

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Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... pertinent informa- tion). The Work Group, with the assistance of the ERT, made the final decision for the inclusion or exclusion of all articles. These articles were either reviewed in a narrative form ... RCTs. The grade for the quality of evidence for each intervention/ outcome pair was then decreased if there were serious limitations to the methodological quality of the aggregate of studies; if there ... persons in the community. The prevalence of low BMD is influenced by the age of the cohort, the number of men, the proportion of non-Caucasians, the average duration of dialysis, and the skeletal...

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Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... in the statements; read the text and numbering the sentences or the paragraphs; read the text and find the similar words in the reading text; read the text and find the best title for the ... designers. Therefore, they can provide the most valid information in the evaluation process. Also, their understanding of cultural and political factors of the institution in which the evaluation ... (1987) there are four main criteria for materials evaluation any evaluator should concern: the audience, the aims, the content, and the methodology. 13 3. Significance of the thesis The findings...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:50

... nolLaryngolSupp2004May;193:3‐5.  10.KoyA,CoonsSJ.Self‐reportedchronicconditions andEQ‐5Dindexscoresin the USadultpopulation.CurrMed ResOpin2006Oct;22(10):2065‐71.  11.RayNF,BaraniukJN,ThamerM,RinehartCS,GergenPJ,KalinerM,JosephsS,PungYH.Healthcareexpenditures for sinusitisin1996:ContributionsofAsthma,RhinitisandotherAirwayDisorders.JAllergy ClinImmunol1999 Mar;103(3Pt1):408‐14.  12.FacerGW,KernEB.Sinusitis:currentconceptsandmanagement.In:BaileyBJ,editor.HeadandNeckSurgery– Otolaryngology.Philadelphia,PA:JBLippincott,1993.  13.ReulerJB,LucasLM,KumarKL.Sinusitis.Areview for generalists.WestJMed1995;163:40–48.  14.StammbergerH. FunctionalEndoscopicSinusSurgery.Philadelphia,PA:BCDecker,1991.   36 LABORATORYEXAMINATION Severallaboratorytestsmaybeconsideredin the workupofpatientswithrefractorychronicorrecurrent acutesinusitis.Theseincludecompletebloodcount(CBC)withdifferential,andserumimmunoglobulintests,.Also, sweatchloridetestingmaybeperformedtoruleoutcysticfibrosis,especiallyinchildrenwithnasalpolyps or chronicorrecurrentsinusitis.  RADIOLOGY WhenanX‐raymustbedone, the imagingprocedureofchoiceis the computerizedtomography(CT)scan, whichisrecommendedprimarilyinevaluating the extentandseverityofdiseaseinchronicsinusitisandin complicatedsinusitis(Fıgs.5–6).SinusCTscansand MRIscanshavealloweddoctorstodirectlyvisualize the pathologywithin the sinusesanddepictnormalandabnormalanatomy.Thesetoolsareanimmenseimprovement overplainfilmsinusdepictionandcangivereliablereproducibleinformation.(14‐24) The CTscanisnow the goldstandardandhasreplaced plainX‐raysas the imagingstudyofchoiceinchronic sinusitis.CTscans,especially the coronalimages,areusefulinimaging the underlyingsinusanatomyindetail. The combinationofnasalendoscopyandCTscansin the evaluation ofchronicsinusdiseaseallows for precisediagnosis andtreatment. CTscan isaninvaluabletoolin the evaluation of the sinuses.Oneof the primarystrengthsofsinusCT imagingisimprovedcontrastresolution:thatistosay, the abilitytodepictbone/airandbone/softtissueinterfaces. AnotherprimarystrengthofCTscansisimprovedspatialresolution:thatis, the ability todepictverysmall structures. The surgeonand the radiologist,workingtogether,hopetoobtainnumerousspecificpiecesof informationfromCTscansofpatientswithsinusdisease.Thisinformationincludes the statusof the bonywalls, the natureofmaterialwithin the sinuses,and the statusof the adjacentnormal structuressuchas the eye,brain,and midface. The statusof the bonywallsof the sinusesisimportantbothinbenignsinusdiseaseandalsoinsinus tumors.Ittakesnewer‐generationscannersonlyminutestoprovidehigh‐resolutionimagesoftissueslabsthatare  26 fewdayspriortotravel.Medicalcareshouldbeavailableat the patient’sdestinationincasesinusitisor ... a patient allergictodustmitesbreathesin“dustmiteparticles,”theyarerecognizedbyspecificallergyreceptorsin the nose.When the specific“dustmitereceptors”recognize the “intrusion”ofdustmiteparticles,theycause the release ofsubstancesthataremeanttofight the presenceoftheseparticles.Theseinclude the releaseofhistamine and othersubstancesthatcreateaninflammatoryresponse.Theseresponsesweredesignedasadefenseagainst the “foreignintruder” for instance, the dustmiteparticles.However,thisallergyresponsehas the unfortunate  40 the infection,evenwhenitislow‐grade,may,overtime,resultinasignificantimprovementin the symptomsof hyper‐reactivity. Whilemanythinkthatsinusitismeansinfection,infectionisonlyoneofmanycausesofinflammationof the sinuses.Signsofinfectionincludefever,greenandfoul‐smelling nasaldrainage,andfacialpain. Causativefactorsinsinusitiscanbeconsideredbyca ... The maxillary(cheek)sinusesarelocatedjustabove the teeth.Infact, the roofof the mouth,in the location of the dentalroots)is the floorof the maxillarysinuses.Whileitisnotuncommon for dentalproblemstoleadto infectionof the maxillary(cheek)sinuses,aninfectedmaxillarysinusmayalsoleadtodentalpain.Once the maxillarysinusesareaffected,infectioncan spreadtoadjacentsinuses.(7,12‐16)  RUNNYNOSE,NASALDISCHARGE  ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... objective for choosing the best strategic planning of COE in the future. The second level is the primary factors as a group of criteria in which the factors (LV1, LV2, …LV9) are influent to the formulation ... factors of VNU. The second level is the primary factors as a group of criteria in which the factors (LV1, LV2, …LV9) are influent to the formulation of the sub criteria. In this level, the subcriteria ... national standards for quality assurance. The representative of ISO for the USA is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the ISO 9000 series is administered by the American Society...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 14:20

... of cancer. The strengths of the study include its multicenter nature, enhancing generalizability of the re- sults and the large sample size. Another positive feature is the fact that the brush ... (the brush biopsies at OralScan Laboratories, the scalpel biopsies at the partic- ipating sites) who were blinded to each other’s results. The major weakness of the study, however, is that the gold ... value. Therefore, the lack of apparent control as well as documen- tation with respect to the manner in which the sample was selected limits the utility of this study. Poate et al. performed...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... respect to the overall transport policy of the country. The country reports feed into the joint programming effort with the Member States for the next period, as will be detailed in the National ... destinations with the same travel speed ("as the crow flies") as the people in the central regions. In addition, the indicator recognises the utilitarian principle of the happiness of the greatest ... distribution of the Accessibility Problem Index in Latvia first for road and then for rail from a national and a European perspective for the current situation (2006). The colour scale of the maps...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 08:20

... respect to the overall transport policy of the country. The country reports feed into the joint programming effort with the Member States for the next period, as will be detailed in the National ... Index (API), which forms a central role in the approach, is explained. The higher the value of the index, the higher the need for intervention. This approach has been labelled as the “red flag” ... assistance. 1.2 The Strategic Evaluation The strategic evaluation is directed the transport sector. Three specific objectives have been formulated for this strategic evaluation: • To provide...

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... describes the work and transmits the final report of the Committee on Proposal Evaluation for Allocation of Supercomputing Time for the Study of Molecular Dynamics, Second Round. The committee ... [Returning user, identified for 100,000 node-hours] The time allocations for the 44 proposals identified by the committee as meeting or exceeding the selection criteria for time allocations total ... experts to evaluate the proposals submitted in response to the aforementioned RFP. The committee of 17 was chaired by Dr. Robert L. Jernigan, Director of the Baker Center for Bioinformatics and Biological...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:20

... that the summary is useless. The issue is, therefore, how to find informative metrics, and then how to combine them into an op- timal single quality estimation for automatic sum- maries. The most ... that breaks the universal quantifier condition over x. We have to look, then, for an alternative for- mulation for K. The best K should minimise QUEEN(a), but having the quality of the models as ... it is closer to the model summaries ac- cording to all metrics. We can formalise this idea by introducing a universal quantifier on the vari- able x in the QUEEN formula. In other words, QUEEN X,M (a)...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 05:20

... identified by their amino acid sequences. The relative population of the peptide fractions from the irradiated samples were compared to the corresponding ones obtained with the native lysozyme. The proportions ... for peptides and proteins. The rate constants differ by a factor of % 8 with the protein (Table 1). For all proteins the LRET is not stoichiometric. In addition the TyrO Æ yield varies with the ... amino acid other than tyrosine. For example, one could suggest that the disulfide bond could be the electron donor to the indolyl tryptophan radical. However, the reduction potential of the couples...

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