... truth of mathematics.
2.3 Using Induction
Induction is by far the most important proof technique in computer science. Generally,
induction is used to prove that some statement holds for all natural ... 1) for all n ∈ N.
By the principle of induction, P (n) is true for all n ∈ N, which proves the claim.
This proof would look quite mysterious to anyone not privy to the scratchwork we did
beforehand. ... divisibility hold.
1. If a | b, then a | bc for all c.
2. If a | b and b | c, then a | c.
3. If a | b and a | c, then a | sb + tc for all s and t.
4. For all c = 0, a | b if and only if ca | cb.
Proof....
... — page i — #1
Mathematics forComputer Science
revised Thursday 10
th
January, 2013, 00:28
Eric Lehman
Google Inc.
F Thomson Leighton
Department of Mathematics
and the ComputerScience and AI ... proposition for each
possible set of truth values for the variables. For example, the truth table for the
proposition “P AND Q” has four lines, since there are four settings of truth values
for the ... b for some s 2 Sg:
For example, if we let Œr; s denote set of numbers in the interval from r to s on the
real line, then f
1
.Œ1; 2/ D Œ1=4; 1.
For another example, let’s take the “search for...
... defined for
SO
= ao;
all n 3 0
.)
S,
=
S-1
+ a,,
for n > 0.
(2.6)
Therefore we can evaluate sums in closed form by using the methods we
learned in Chapter 1 to solve recurrences in closed form.
For ... much happier. That is, we’d like a nice, neat,
“closed form” for
T,,
that lets us compute it quickly, even for large n. With
a closed form, we can understand what
T,,
really is.
So how do ... a,
6,
and y and trying to find a closed form for the more general recurrence
f(1) =
cc;
f(2n) = 2f(n) + fi,
for
n
3
1;
(1.11)
f(2n+1)=2f(n)+y,
for
n
3
1.
(Our original recurrence had...
... original formula for q. Recall that our proof of the formula we had in
Exercise 1.4-5 did not explain why the product of three factorials appeared in the denominator,
it simply proved the formula ... distinct elements. There are n choices for the first number in the list.
For each way of choosing the first element, there are n −1choices for the second. For each choice
of the first two elements, ... the
product in the denominator of the formula in Exercise 1.4-5 for the number of labellings with
three labels is what it is, and could generalize this formula to four or more labels.
Equivalence...
... 170
Introduction to Programming
3
Computers have a fixed set of instructions that they can perform for us. The specific
instruction set depends upon the make and model of a computer. However, these instructions ... that the computer
always attempts to do precisely what you tell it to do. Say, for example, you tell the computer to
divide ten by zero, it tries to do so and fails at once. If you tell the computer ... instructions that tell the computer
every step to take in the proper sequence in order to solve a problem for a user. A programmer
is one who writes the computer program. When the computer produces a...
... proof theory and procedures for constructing formal proofs of for-
mulae algorithmically.
This book is designed primarily forcomputer scientists, and more gen-
erally, for mathematically inclined ... proposition is a Horn
formula iff it is a conjunction of basic Horn formulae.
(a) Show that every Horn formula A is equivalent to a conjunction of
distinct formulae of the form,
P
i
, or
¬P
1
∨ ... Sharpened Hauptsatz for G2
nnf
, 330
7.4.4 The Gentzen System G2
nnf
=
, 336
7.4.5 A Gentzen-like Sharpened Hauptsatz for G2
nnf
=
, 337
PROBLEMS, 337
7.5 Herbrand’s Theorem for Prenex Formulae, 338
7.5.1...
... Li
Department of Mathematics and
Physics,
Air Force Engineering University,
China
jianq_li@263.net
Wanbiao Ma
Department of Mathematics and
Mechanics,
School of Applied Science,
University of Science ... Sports, Science and Technology,
The Japanese Society for Mathematical Biology, The Society of Population
Ecology, Mathematical Society of Japan, Japan Society for Industrial and
Applied Mathematics, ... Competition: A Survey
H.I. Freedman 207
Index 225
Y. Takeuchi Y. Iwasa K. S ato (Eds.)
Mathematics
for Life Science
and Medicine
With 31 Figures
123
... telephone)?
Which informations we may consider for the future (e.g.
email, birthday, bankaccount, webpage, ip, image, holographic
picture, etc )?
By means of which information should we sort ... course
Historical development of databases
Databases
Introduction
Michael Emmerich
Leiden Institute for Advanced Computer Science, Leiden
University
January 17, 2012
Michael T. M. Emmerich Databases
Preliminaries
Introductory ... Paradox, Dbase-III (later FoxPro),
System R/R+, IBM-DB2, Watcom SQL, etc.
Simple databases for personal computer arise, such as
Excel/Access
1990ties: The internet emerges and with it web-based
database...