markov logic a unifying framework for statistical relational learning

... Lexical Chain Features 4.1 Chain starts and ends We follow (Chan et al. 2007) to model the lexi- cal chain starts and ends at a story boundary with a statistical distribution. We apply a window ... terms and locating instances of time where the count of chain starts and ends (boun- dary strength) achieves local maxima. Chan et al. (2007) enhanced this approach through statistical modeling ... of lexical chain starts and ends. We further extend this approach in two aspects: 1) a Bayesian decision framework is used; 2) chain continuations straddling across boundaries are taken into...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... S. Jayram, Rajasekar Krishna-murthy, Sriram Raghavan, Shivakumar Vaithyanathan, and Huaiyu Zhu. Avatar information extraction system. IEEE Data Eng. Bull. [23] Sándor Dominich. The Modern Algebra ... machine learning framework, which overcomes the challenges about scalability and adaptability of the previous approaches. We have then adapted the probabilistic framework to a Vietnamese domain ... based. We also adapt the probabilistic framework to Vietnamese Real Estate domain and have a satisfactory result. 1.4 Chapter summary This chapter brought an overview of web-page problem and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/11/2012, 15:04

... and class formation, but rather as a framework for de®ning an agenda of problems for empirical research within class analysis. In the multivariate empirical studies of class conscious- ness and ... framework 10. A general framework for studying class consciousness and class formation In one way or another, most class analysts believe that at the core of class analysis is a relatively simple causal ... of analysis, typically an entire society. To say that someone is ``in'' a managerial class location is to claim that they are embedded in a set of interindividual interactions (relations)...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 07:20

... disadvantage noncompliance. Law is also similar to what Wiener and Doescher (1991)'term a structural solution, that is, a political act that mandates individual behavior. For Taylor and ... have changed dramati- cally in the past years, and as a result, policy with respect to managing tobacco usage behavior also has changed. The re- lationship of behavior management and externalities ... singular choice of edu cation, marketing, or force of law as a paradigm of choice. Each paradigm has a role to play in behavior management; behavior management must be considered from the pragmatic...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 02:20

... that are assigned the correct head. Complete accuracy (CA) indicates the fraction of sentences that have a complete cor- rect analysis. We also measure that root accuracy (RA) and leaf accuracy ... of the Annual Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning (CoNLL), pages 1–8. Association for Computa- tional Linguistics. D. Roth. 1998. Learning to resolve natural language ambi- guities: ... perfect, and one can contrive examples in which an algorithm that makes several passes on a sentence can actually make fewer actions than a single pass algorithm. In practice, however, as our experimental...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... evaluation metrics are able to closely approximate human evaluations for various applications. Given an application app and an evaluation guideline package eval, the faithfulness/compactness ... separately evaluated. Each version was evaluated by a human evaluator, with no reference answer available. For this evaluation 115 test questions were used, and the human evaluator was asked ... predicts that the automatic evaluation metrics that explain most of the variation in the human evaluation must have a median α and a median N. As seen in Table 6, our evaluation framework correctly...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... states that repairs are available for semantic analysis but provides no details on the representation to be used. Clearly repairs should be available for se- mantic analysis as they play a ... work has proved adequate for a collection of human-human task-oriented dialogs, both in a full manual examination of the corpus, and in tests with a parser capable of parsing some of that corpus. ... 2 What is a Dialog From a traditional parsing perspective, a text is a series of sentences to be analyzed. An interpretation for a text would be a se- ries of parse trees and logical forms,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 19:20

... (1) must include at least as much information as we have given above. In particular, the logical structure of our para- phrases contains essential information (about, for instance, the differences ... representation language from the applica- tion program and systematically translating it into a natural language using syntactic/semantic rules which were primarily designed for translating in the ... representa- tion of linguistic knowledge for both analysis and generation. We argue that the only part of the average NL system's knowledge that we can have any faith in is its vocabulary and,...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... lexical sample format, which is an XML–based format that has been used for both the S ENSEVAL-2 and SENSEVAL-3 exercises. A file in this format includes a number of instances, each one made up ... Poster and Demonstration Sessions, pages 73–76, Ann Arbor, June 2005. c 2005 Association for Computational Linguistics SenseRelate::TargetWord – A Generalized Framework for Word Sense Disambiguation Siddharth ... Disambiguation, the ar- chitecture and usage of SenseRelate::TargetWord, and a description of the user interfaces (command line and GUI). 2 The Framework The package has a highly modular architecture....

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... to re-use language resources, and that standards for linguistic annotation are becoming increasingly mandatory. In particular, there is a need for a general framework for linguistic annotation that is ... existing annotated data in XML. Tools for editing annotations in the abstract format, which automatically generate virtual AML from Data Category and Dialect Specifications, are already under development in ... compatibility at the virtual level. As such, virtual AML is the hub of the annotation framework: it defines a lingua franca for syntactic annotations that can be used to compare and merge annotations,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 05:20

... 4 Information Structure and Tactical Constraints Entries in the eategorial lexicon have tactical con- straints, grammatical and semantic features, and phonological representation. Similar ... Multi-dimensional compo- sitional functions as a basis for grammatical anal- ysis. In R. T. Oehrle, E. Bach, and D. Wheeler, editors, Categorial Grammars and Natural Lan- guage Structures, D. Reidel, ... INT-clear situation 'Very clear situation' uzun yol long road 'long road' bu- ndan ba~ka this-ABLATIVE other 'other than this' ktz kedi-yi gSr-dii girl cat-ACC...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... information absent in surface utterances such as zero anaphora are compensated for and in some cases multiple analyses are disambiguated. (3-3), the surface analysis of (3-2), is analyzed as ... diagrams an overview of the procedure for translating speaker's meaning. In contrast to a conventional machine translation procedure, speaker's meaning can be analyzed and generated, ... 180, JAPAN Abstract A framework for translating speaker's meaning or intention is proposed based on two notions, Illocutionary Force Types (IFTs) for analysis and Decision Parameters...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... not matching the available references are evaluated as poor or bad translations. The main objective of this work is to propose and evaluate AM-FM, a semantic framework for assessing translation ... consistent, fast and cheap, automatic evaluation has the major disadvantage of requiring reference translations. This makes automatic eval- uation not reliable in the sense that good transla- tions ... evaluation dataset had to be used. 156 2 Related Work and Dataset Although BLEU (Papineni et al., 2002) has be- come a de facto standard for machine translation evaluation, other metrics such as...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... PEAS, the first comparative evaluation framework for parsers of French whose annotation formalism allows the annotation of both constituents and functional relations. A test corpus containing an ... different lemma; it is annotated both with morpho-syntax and grammatical functions. 4 Evaluation metrics The first proposals for parser evaluation were made in Parseval (Black et al., 1991). Carroll et al. ... complete comparative evaluation framework — including a pivot annotation formalism, a reference treebank, evaluation metrics and the associated software — is increasing. It is worth noting that most...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... shortest path algorithm of Dijkstra (Cormen et al., 2001). 6 qtag exists as a downloadable JAR file and can therefore be integrated into a platform inde- pendent JAVA program. For more information, ... Google API can be adjusted for the corresponding search task. The tasks we used for our framework are a search in the titles of the web pages and a search in the text of the web pages. Adjusting ... task-oriented evaluation setup and to ameliorate the results with various techniques. As natural language texts are not only rich in hi- erarchical relations but in other semantic relations as...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 18:20

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Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 17:20