macroeconomic performance of commodity exporters during commodity price swings

... the price of regular gasoline at the retail location at the time of purchase In row (9) we identify η G from variation in the spot price of oil at Cushing, OK instead of the US average price of ... transaction prices are calculated as the ratio of amount spent to number of gallons, rounded to the nearest tenth of a cent The majority of transactions are within one tenth of one cent of the daily ... prices and octane choice are extremely large During the price spike from January to June of 2008, gasoline prices increased from $2.98 to $4.10 per gallon During that same period, the share of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

... Introduction A Commodity Taxonomy Commodity Markets and Data An Overview of the Remainder of the Book 1.4.1 Modeling Storable Commodity Prices 1.4.2 A Two-Factor Model of a Continuously Produced Commodity ... preferred way to price commodity options of all types The third is policy makers Commodity prices have always been a bone of political contention, although the intensity of commodity- related ... pricing formula, to analyze commodity prices and to price commodity derivatives Structural models of commodity prices that explicitly account for the implications of intertemporal optimization...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 14:20

... shows an example of a sample subject of the oxygenation changes from rest to stimulation period in each of the four conditions Inter-condition analysis of the mean amplitude changes of Δ[O2Hb] and ... motor areas) during both dominant and non-dominant performance [62] However, further fNIRS studies are needed to confirm whether or not our findings of larger Δ[O2Hb] during non-dominant performance ... simulation hypothesis during performance of observation, motor imagery and imitation of hand actions elicited by a VR environment Further, in accordance with previous studies, the findings of this study...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... skills of novice and expert PW users The primary objective of this study was to explore the discriminate validity of outcome measures of driving skills based on joystick control strategies and performance ... half of the time of the minimal duration of a joystick movement (200 ms) The mean direction was calculated within each of these time bins We then computed the intra-trial mean and variability of ... control during the performance of powered wheelchair driving tasks Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2011 8:31 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: ...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... value of P alba two months after planting This was particularly evident in the FACE treatment where trees of P nigra and P x euramericana reached at the end of August a value of stem diameter of ... Evolution of stem diameter of three Populus genotypes in Control and FACE treatments during the first growing season Symbols represent the mean ± SE (n = 36) Significance of the effects of treatment ... to control the release of CO2 is obtained from an automatic station located at the centre of each ring Di- Effects of elevated CO2 on growth in POPFACE rectional release of gas along the ring...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... known to improve running performance However, no information is available on the effects of a combination of these ingredients on performance and neuromuscular function during running Methods: ... a combination of CHOs, BCAAs and caffeine increased performance by about 2% during a 2-h treadmill run The results of neuromuscular function were contrasted: no clear cut effects of SPD were observed ... athlete's performance during endurance exercise To our knowledge, no information is available on the effects of this combination on physical performance and neuromuscular function The main purpose of...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 23:21

... PEEP during the baseline period, during the application of PEEP, and after withdrawal of PEEP This automatically led to recalibrate the PICCO PC signal three times during the 30minute period of ... Page of (page number not for citation purposes) (baseline), during a 10-minute period of PEEP application, and for 10 minutes following withdrawal of the PEEP, so that the total number of measurements ... center Patients were studied during a period of hemodynamic stability just prior to weaning off mechanical ventilation [14] and there were no changes in therapy during the protocol All patients...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 18:22

... improved Commodity prices have been among the most volatile of international prices Often the volatility of commodity prices has exceeded that o f exchange rates and interest rates T he large prices ... necessary information about the money of customers, their position as well as their limits to trade provided by the Risk Management and BackOffice, the staffs of Board of Commodity will put orders into ... ntracts h op ing m ark et-m ak ers w h o to m ake profit deal from in price d iffe re n tia ls b e t w e e n b id a n d a s k price 1.2.4.2 Benefits of commodity future contract In g e n e r a l , C...

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2015, 08:45

... generates a profit of 27,980.0 million VND accounting for 9.6% of total profits If compared with the rate of land use, the group of low-lying lands creates rather good profit, after that of the dry ... made a profit of 5,314 million accounted for 2.6% If comparing the percentage of land use with the rate of return, the profit from riverside soil types / groups of riverside soils is of low efficiency; ... the profitable, times higher as compared to the structure of the land fund Annually, dry soil outside the dike creates a profit of 169,775.0 millions VND, accounting for 58.1% of overall profits...

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2015, 15:48

... Figure Indicators of financial soundness of companies 100 1.1 Development of the financing structure of Belgian companies (percentages of total) 16 1.2 Indicators of the profitability of Belgian companies ... 95 96 97 98 99 Index of consumer prices Index of residential real estate prices Index of commercial real estate prices Sources: NSI; Ministry of Economic Affairs; Ministry of Employment; Fortis ... according to the size of the enterprises or depending on the business cycle? An analysis of the probabilities of default or of the risks of losses carried out on the basis of the banks’ accounting...

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2012, 09:11

... study of nitrazepam, medazepam, tofisopam, alprazolum and clonazepam treatment during pregnancy Eur J Obstet Gynec Reprod Biol 2002 101: 147-154 15 Czeizel AE Lack of evidence of teratogenicity of ... is evaluated during the critical period of CA formation, in general the second and third months of gestation We may suppose that the teratogenic effect of the drug is shown only during this period ... connected with the teratogenic effect of agents during pregnancy, and particularly in the critical period of most CA formation, i.e., during the second and third months of gestation Fifthly, “true” teratogens...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2012, 11:12

... limit, Maximum no of runs, Number of times to randomise weights, Size of training, test and validation sets) Topology (Number of inputs neurons, Number of hidden layers, Number of hidden neurons ... the N m −1 neurons of the previous layer by a set of weights ωij , j = N m −1 The output y im of the neuron I i belonging to the layer m is a function of the weighted sum of the output coming ... some of the restrictive assumptions of the earlier statistical models as explained in the beginning of the chapter The scope of this master thesis is to test the efficiency and the accuracy of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2013, 20:00

... occurring during one burst One source of co-channel interference, de-correlated in time with frequency offset One source of adjacent channel interference, de-correlated in time with 200 kHz of frequency ... occurring during one burst One source of co-channel interference, de-correlated in time with frequency offset One source of adjacent channel interference, de-correlated in time with 200 kHz of frequency ... burst One source of co-channel interference, de-correlated in time with frequency offset One source of adjacent channel interference, de-correlated in time with 200 kHz of frequency offset One time...

Ngày tải lên: 26/04/2013, 11:15

... the amounts of DMPO-OH were analyzed as a function of the concentration of ozone and humic acids The amount of DMPO-OH depended both of the amounts of ozone and humic acid The origin of humic acid ... spectrometer operated with homemade software The condition of ESR measurement was 10 mW of microwave (9.44 GHz) and 0.20 mT of field modulation (100 kHz) Mathematical analysis of OH radical generation enhanced ... the mathematical relation of enhancing parameters of 3-chlorophenol on OH radical generation during ozonation, the initial velocities in the mixture of various amounts of ozone with 3-chlorophenol...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... objective: (1) the long term performance of demonstration system treatment of village sewage (2) the performance of demonstration systems when suffering the impulse load of stormwater and its effect ... resist the impulse load of stormwater and had a good capacity to reduce the large amounts of pollutants brought by the stormwater runoff in a short time Table Removal performance of the constructed ... the April of next year, which was caused by the high evaporation during the period of dry season Although the influent COD was varied violently from 100 to 700mg/L, the effluent COD of system...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 08:40

... deposited in fine days strongly affected the runoff of VSS during a storm event (5) Origins of various ions were deduced by examining the temporal variations of ion composition As a result, it was indicated ... first flush load of urban surface runoff, Water Research, 32 (8), 2462-2470 Ebise S., Muraoka K and Otubo K (1982) Separation of run-off components by water quality, Proceedings of the 26th Japanese ... study of runoff characteristics of pollutants in combined sewer overflow J Korean Soc Environ Eng 18(10), 1147-1160 Lee J H and Bang K W (2000) Characterization of urban stormwater runoff, Water...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... heating and cooling periods is of interest for the design of the furnace and the metallurgical control of the process [9] An approach based on the assumption of periodicity of the composite structure ... Points of temperature measurements T1 = Temperature of the aluminum load in the crucible during the melting operation T2 = Temperature of the hot gases 10 cm away from the inner walls of the ... in control during the next time-steps of the operation The noticeable changes during oscillating combustion were due to the change in the boundary condition of the inlet velocity of the fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:59

... different hours of the day The total stored energy on the 18 August was found to be 105.92 MJ/m3 with a temperature increase during working hours of 25.2˚C (from 19.2˚C to a maximum of 44.4˚C) as ... difference of around 3% for the most of the day In both comparisons, the experimental study gives lower values for most hours of the day, which may be attributed to different kind of thermal ... theoretical results of [1] in June Figure 10 The time variation of solar radiation and stored energy of the present experimental study in August and the theoretical results of [1] in June ISSN...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... Figure Variation of discharge and binary with two and three pistons of double or single effect out of phase of 90º and 120º 3.2 Positive displacement pumps This engine consists mainly of a chamber ... Reynolds equations) 5.2 Definition of the mesh The success of the computational calculation of turbulent flows demands a special attention during the generation of the grid As long as turbulence ... contributed to the development of this research work, allowing components of computational dynamic and laboratorial investigation associated to the performance of turbines of several types to be developed...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... (∆T n ) [57] One of aims of finite time thermodynamics is to pursue generalized rules and results In this paper, on the basis of Ref [51], the optimal ecological performance of a generalized ... the efficiency of rate processes: power and efficiency of heat engines J Chem Phys., 1978, 69(9):3898-3906 [40] Chen L, Sun F, Wu C Influence of heat transfer law on the performance of a Carnot ... C Effect of heat transfer law on the performance of a generalized irreversible Carnot engine J Phys D: Appl Phys., 1999, 32(2): 99-105 [47] Zhou S, Chen L, Sun F Optimal performance of a generalized...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28