long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of preterm infants

... alternate pathway for synthesis of 20-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids Arch Biochem Biophys 365, 307–316 Lees AM & Korn ED (1966) Metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids in protozoa Biochemistry ... Identification of two novel microalgal enzymes involved in the conversion of the omega3 -fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, into docosahexaenoic acid Biochem J 384, 357–366 Chu FL, Lund ED, Harvey E & Adlof ... biosynthesis FAD, fatty acid desaturase; Elo, elongase; Elo5, D5 elongase; Elo6, D6 elongase; AA, arachidonic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid Light grey ovals are front-end desaturases...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... ABBREVIATIONS SFA Saturated fatty acid MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid PUF Polyunsaturated fatty acid LA Linoleic acid EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid DHA Docosahexaenoic acid IMDR Acceptable macronutrient ... 3.5 g of these long- chain n−3 PUFAs Fish oils supplements 296 available in the commercial market contain 30% long- chain n−3 PUFAs of the 297 fatty acids in the capsule Thus, consumption of a typical ... mg of these fatty acids In the absence of oily fish or 299 fish oil consumption, intake of long- chain n−3 PUFAs is likely to be

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 10:11

... Acid Methyl Esters Mix (47080-U, SUPELCO, USA); and kinds of long- chain fatty acids (LCFAs) These standards were used to obtain 56 kinds of fatty acids Therefore, the contents of each fatty acid ... quantity of lipid, the content ratios of all the fatty acids, and the ratio of each fatty acid RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characteristics of carbon stable isotope in Z japonica The mean δ13C of Z japonica ... that of the roots and rhizomes For example, the δ13C of HCO3- is higher than δ13C of CO2 in sea water Characteristics of fatty acid structure in Z japonica We found about 30 kinds of fatty acids...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:17

... Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 3, 2010, pp.411-430 421 % of Premixed combustion % of Diffusion combustion Trend line of % of diffusion combustion Trend line of % of premixed ... Where, JT 80:20 = Blend of 80 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 20 % of tallow oil methyl ester by volume, JP 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 50 % of palm oil methyl ester ... volume, JT 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of jatropha oil methyl ester and 50 % of tallow oil methyl ester by volume, SFCt 50:50 = Blend of 50 % of sunflower oil methyl ester and 50 % of coconut oil methyl...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... particular type of fatty acid predominating in the oil, but also contained a complex mixture of other fatty acids, as occurs in vivo As might be expected, the fatty acid composition of CRLPs containing ... their relatively high content of long- chain n)3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexanoic acid Lipid peroxidation products after incubation of the four types of CRLP with CuSO4 (10 lm) ... differential rates of uptake of CRLPs of different fatty acid compositions by macrophages observed in the present study is due to differences in the oxidative state of the particles Evaluation of the lipid...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... changed by any of the four types of CRLPs Effect of the fatty acid composition of CRLPs on COX-2 mRNA expression The effect of CRLPs of varying fatty acid composition on expression of COX-2, an ... fatty acid composition of the particles modulates this effect Earlier studies on the effects of free fatty acids on NF-jB activity in macrophages have also suggested that different types of fatty ... the fatty acid composition of CRLPs A B C De Pascale et al Because inhibition of NF-jB activation has previously been linked to increased cholesterol efflux activity [23], the effects of CRLPs of...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

... stimulation of Rv1264 by added fatty acids (see above) In light of the data Mycobacterium tuberculosis AC Rv2212 Fig Models of stimulation of Rv2212 by fatty acids (A) Schematic representation of Rv2212 ... the presence of certain fatty acids and the intracellular pH The cytoplasmic concentration of free fatty acids in M tuberculosis is unknown Free fatty acids are the substrate for fatty acyl-AMP ... explain the pH dependence of the effect of fatty acids One possibility is that fatty acids bind at any pH but activate only at lower pH values The other possibility is that fatty acids neither bind...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... they are safely discharged to home [5,6] Patterns of hospitalization of preterm infants are also associated with the presence of clinical symptoms of abnormal gastrointestinal function In particular, ... effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT) in preterm infants, including monitoring of physiological functions of the gastrointestinal system and LOS Methods Objective and endpoints of the ... objective of this exploratory study was to investigate the effects of OMT in a population of premature infants in terms of gastrointestinal functions and LOS The medical literature lacks information of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21

... Short Chain Fatty Acids 1.3.1 Definition and relevance 45 1.3.2 Branched Chain Fatty Acids and products of protein degradation 46 1.3.3 1.4 45 General Functions of Short Chain Fatty Acids 48 51 ... constituents of a range of dietary lipids Their properties are determined by chain length, degree of saturation (the presence of one or more double bonds), and the branching of chains Short chain fatty acids ... 1.3.2 Branched Chain Fatty Acids and Products of Protein Degradation Branched chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are a subset of saturated SCFAs with at least one methyl branch on the carbon chain, but can...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2014, 21:27

... three fatty acids, expanding on our recent report [3] in which oleic acid was used to model the modulatory effects on the fibrinolytic system Fatty acids as plasmin inhibitors of the fatty acids, ... abbreviation of the respective fatty acid name indicate its concentration (in lM) The ‘0 ’ indicates the set of parameters in the absence of fatty acids Shaded ellipses combine parameters belonging ... belonging to the same type of fatty acid (data for oleate and the absence of fatty acids are found in the unshaded area) B Fig Selwyn’s test of plasmin activity The hydrolysis of Spectrozyme-PL (40...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... phosphorylation/inactivation of ACC by PKA is still possible (summarized in Fig 7) Activation of AMPK by fatty acids (Eur J Biochem.) Fig Summary of the interplay between the effects of long- chain fatty acid, insulin ... to only 1.9% of total ATP utilization when exogenous fatty acid was high (1.2 mM palmitate with 3% BSA) Therefore activation of longchain fatty acid is not an appreciable fraction of overall cardiac ... (Fig 7), suggesting a dominance of the fatty acid- driven pathway for activation of AMPK over at least some aspects of insulin signalling This dominance of the fatty acid effect on AMPK activity...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... polyunsaturated fatty acids * TFA: trans fatty acid* MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids negligible proportions of trans fatty acids, bothwith monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids These ... polyunsaturated fatty acids * TFA: trans fatty acids * MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids The amount of total TFA in the samples ranged from 0.16% to 0.83% of total fatty acid with the mean of 0.38% ... PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids * MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids * TFA: trans fatty acids * tc: traceal 818 Fatty acid composition including trans fatty acids content of selected Vietnamese...

Ngày tải lên: 28/08/2013, 16:28

... principal fatty acid components of such fats are palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids Gac is somewhat unusual in having a higher proportion of linoleic acid, and given the similar percentage of the ... of the three fatty acids, may also have a limited distribution of TAG species The oil of gac aril also has been reported to have significant amounts of Vitamin E and omega-3 fatty acids (21), ... represents almost half of the weight of the entire fruit Fatty Acid Analysis Data on total FAME content of aril from two gac fruit were collected Total % weight content of FAME in these two fruit...

Ngày tải lên: 09/02/2014, 00:08

... number of recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that different forms of fatty acids exert remarkably different effects Exposure of a variety of cell types, including hepatocytes, to long- chain ... mechanisms of liver injury Gastroenterology 134, 1641– 1654 24 Vessey DA, Kelley M & Warren RS (2004) Characterization of triacsin C inhibition of short-, medium-, and long- chain fatty acid: CoA ... saturated fatty acids (SFAs) led to increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibition of insulin signaling, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and promotion of cell death,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... the vicinity of the active site (Fig 2) Three of the six cation ligands are main -chain oxygen atoms, and three are the side -chain oxygen atoms of N296, E342 and S387 The glutamic acid and asparagine ... [25] The formation of the fatty acid complex is accompanied by the emergence of a welldefined water molecule within hydrogen bond distance of His333 Ne (Fig 3A,B) Structures of KAS I H298E and ... structure of the H298E mutant is the same as that of the wild-type, but the active site substructure presents a few changes in amino acid side -chain orientations, as revealed by the superimposition of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... IL-1b, to Fig Effects of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on the early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1)-mediated activity of the cyclin D1 gene promoter (A) Effect of PUFA on the interleukin-b ... AA, with the formation of trieonic Ó FEBS 2004 Anti-mitogenic action of EPA and DHA (Eur J Biochem 271) 4471 Fig Effect of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation on caveolin-1 ... 2004 Anti-mitogenic action of EPA and DHA (Eur J Biochem 271) 4467 Fig Modulation of cyclin D1 promoter activity by supplementation with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (A) Serum-starved...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... estimation of the extracellular fatty acids In addition, we determined the amount of lipid-bound fatty acids to cover all major pools of fatty acids (Fig 1B,D) The amount of cellular free fatty acids ... (square)] (D) Concentration of fatty acids in the pools of free fatty acids in the media (diamonds), of free fatty acids in the cells (square) and of esterified fatty acids (triangle) The error ... decrease of extracellular fatty acids Therefore, besides the import of exogenous fatty acids, additional release of internal fatty acids had to contribute to the increase of intracellular fatty acids...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... uptake of fatty acids across the plasma membrane and transport to various subcellular organelles, (b) modulation of the activity of enzymes involved in fatty acid metabolism, (c) protection of enzymes ... membranes from the detergent effects of excess fatty acids by sequestering them, and (d) modulation of cell growth and differentiation by transport of fatty acids to the nucleus where they activate ... Spener F (2004) Fatty acid- binding proteins – insights from genetic manipulations Prog Lipid Res 43, 328–349 Storch J & Thumser AEA (2000) The fatty acid transport function of fatty acid- binding...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... stereochemistry of desaturation of long- chain fatty acids in Chlorella vulgaris Biochem J 109, 673–678 39 Rodriguez, S., Camps, F & Fabrias, G (2001) Synthesis of gem-dideuterated tetradecanoic acids and ... for conjugated fatty acid esters (10% w/v KOH/CH3OH, 80 °C, h; neutralization to  pH with acetic acid, hexane extraction, 1% w/v H2SO4/ CH3OH, 50 °C, h) Analysis of the fatty acids as methyl ... extent of  1% of total cellular fatty acids, a result similar to that observed previously [6,8] Control experiments previously indicated that the production of was dependent on expression of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... heart-type fatty acid binding protein in cardiac fatty acid utilization FASEB J 13, 805–812 Schaap FG, Binas B, Danneberg H, van der Vusse GJ & Glatz JFC (1999) Impaired long- chain fatty acid utilization ... acids, intracellular targeting of fatty acids to specific organelles and metabolic pathways, and the protection of cellular structures from the detergent effects of fatty acids [10–14] Although different ... observation is consistent with the hypothesis of ‘large-scale gene duplication in fishes’ [39–45] 36 hpf dpf A C Ofv Ofv B D Ofv Ofv Fig Spatiotemporal distribution of fabp10b gene transcripts in zebrafish...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20