life cycle approach for teaching entrepreneurial finance

... 29 Part I Life Cycle Approach Life Cycle Approach and the Product–System Concept and Modeling 2.1 Life Cycle Concept and Theory 2.1.1 Life Cycle Theory: General Concepts 2.1.2 Life Cycle Theory ... Summary 2.7 References Life Cycle Design and Management 3.1 Life Cycle Approach in Product Design 3.1.1 Life Cycle Design 3.2 Life Cycle Design Oriented toward Environmental Performance of Products ... 3.2.3 3.3 3.4 3.5 Guidelines for Design Tools to Evaluate Environmental Performance of Products 3.2.4 Life Cycle Simulation Life Cycle Management Summary References Life Cycle Assessment 4.1 Environmental...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... logic of life cycle thinking, Journal of Cleaner Production, 10(5), 427–437, 2002 Hundal, M.S., Introduction to design for the environment and life cycle engineering, in Mechanical Life Cycle Handbook, ... called life cycle phases” or “stages.” © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2722_C002_r02.indd 38 12/1/2005 11:30:18 AM Life Cycle Approach and the Product–System Concept and Modeling 2.1.2 39 Life ... Design for the Environment FIGURE 2.1 Life Cycle Theory: Product–entity application disposal The entire life cycle represented by this sequence is composed of two parts: • Development cycle Indicates...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... Environmental management: Life Cycle assessment Life cycle impact assessment ISO 14043:2000 International Standard 2000 Environmental management: Life Cycle assessment Life cycle interpretation ISO/TR ... necessary for the compilation and preparation of the definition of goal and scope for LCA, and for performing, interpreting, and reporting a Life Cycle Inventory analysis (LCI) General framework for ... management: Life Cycle assessment— Examples of application of ISO 14042 Environmental management: Life Cycle assessment— Data documentation format General framework, principles, and requirements for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... of the integrated life cycle approach known as Life Cycle Management Only when Life Cycle Management assimilates a complete integration of Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment is ... applicable to its life cycle 6.5 Summary The life cycle approach upon which Life Cycle Cost Analysis is based invests this instrument with a primary role in the context of Life Cycle Design, where ... Economic–Environmental Approach in Life Cycle Management An integrated LCCA–LCA is fully qualified for inclusion within the scope of the approach to the integrated management of the life cycle known as Life Cycle...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... through the life cycle approach, which promotes the consideration of not only the necessities of production but also those of the subsequent phases of the product’s life cycle The life cycle approach ... (Section 7.2.4.2), and with the basic premises of Design for Environment and Life Cycle Design, and more generally with the product life cycle approach These new necessities, and the consequent increase ... methods known as Concurrent Engineering and Design for X These design approaches start from different premises, but both tend to embrace the life cycle approach This chapter offers a general overview...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... consumption–disposal cycle that the most appropriate tools of the DFX system are introduced 8.2 Environmental Strategies for the Life Cycle Approach Design strategies play an essential role in the life cycle approach ... phases of its life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials, through fabrication, packaging and use, to disposal and recycling It must, therefore, assimilate the life cycle approach and the ... lacks an organic approach to environmental aspects in the entire development process, despite such an approach clearly being desirable at the theoretical level The life cycle approach, which in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... performance and are, therefore, suitable for reuse 9.1.1 Influence of External Factors and Product Durability Applying strategies for the extension of the useful life and recovery at end-of -life ... favorable conditions for extending the useful life by using the two different types of strategies For physical life extension strategies, these conditions correspond to a long replacement life (indicating ... replacement life and its physical life Therefore, these dynamics should be analyzed for a meaningful estimation of the two important parameters However, while the estimation of the physical life can...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... can be applied using three distinct approaches: • Design for infinite life • Design for finite life • Design for critical dimensions of defects Of the three approaches, the first is based on Wöhler’s ... maintain, and for those intended for reuse • Design limited duration (as close as possible to the effective life required) for components needing substitution during use, and for those intended for recycling ... 10.2.4 Design for Finite Life The finite life approach, introduced around 1950, is often referred to as Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) In this case, the intention is not to impart an infinite life to a component...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... determined in various ways The approach proposed here seeks to optimize the life cycle strategies that appear to be more effective for an environmentally efficient life cycle (Section 9.1, Chapter ... for a correct definition of the life cycle strategies most appropriate to preexisting products • Redesign of architectures and components for the improvement of environmental performance and for ... cell); these units have identical needs for servicing and requirements for characteristic performance (Table 11.3) FIGURE 11.8 Redesign: Matrices for life cycle strategy evaluation and strategy...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... Similar to the first life cycle indicator, which quantifies the environmental impact, the second life cycle indicator quantifies the economic cost related to the entire life cycle Hypothesizing ... end-of -life © 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 2722_C012_r02.indd 339 11/30/2005 1:52:00 PM 340 Product Design for the Environment TABLE 12.2 Results of the evaluation of Life Cycle Indicators LIFE ... implemented in commonly used tools based on parametric CAD and FEM software for structural performance analyses 12.6 Life Cycle Indicators The final phases of the selection method consist of applying...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... entire life cycle, the second prototype can be used as a tool for optimizing the system not only for design specifically oriented toward favoring a product’s end-of -life phase (Design for Recovery), ... Impact of the Life Cycle The properties of a material’s environmental impact, expressed by the terms previously introduced as eiDsp and eiRcl, can be evaluated using the techniques of Life Cycle Assessment ... included in the calculation of eiRcl For the whole system of n elements, it is possible to express the cost functions of the entire life cycle CLC, or of only the end-of -life phase CEoL as: n ( ) n CLC...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... approach to life cycle design, in Proceedings of 4th CIRP International Seminar on Life Cycle Engineering, Berlin, 1997, 92–103 Zust, R and Caduff, G., Life- cycle modelling as an instrument for ... of the life cycle The main difficulty consists of correlating design parameters with product performance in its life cycle after production This requires not only a modeling of the life cycle, ... Life Cycle Strategies The values assumed by the indices of performance decay introduced above directly condition the possible strategies for improving the environmental behavior of the life cycle...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... efficiency 29 Life Cycle Costing 32 2.2.1 Background 32 2.2.2 Definitions of life cycle cost and life cycle costing 33 2.2.3 Life cycle cost analysis and procedure 34 2.2.4 Data for life cycle costing ... estimates for all Federal residential, commercial and industrial buildings -32- 2.2.2 Definitions of life cycle cost and life cycle costing One simple but useful definition of life cycle cost ... costs over its lifetime It is now a fundamental principle of value management that the costs are expressed in terms of the life cycle cost Hence, the life cycle costing, a technique for economic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:33

... Process Approach versus Genre Approach Despite the fact that the process approach has made a great improvement in practical teaching in comparison with the product approach, the process approach ... Applicability of Process Approach in Teaching Writing for Students with the Textbook “ English 10” What you think of the applicability of the process approach in teaching writing skill for your students ... approach Table 7: Constraints in applying process approach in teaching writing It can be seen from Table that there are main constraints in applying the process approach in teaching writing for...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:29

... life cycle assessment UNEP/SETAC Life Cycle Impact Assessment Midpoint-Damage Framework Life cycle management framework for the environmental sustainability of products Setting a foundation for ... (European Commission) Acronym Full Explanation LCA life cycle assessment LCC life cycle costing LCI life cycle inventory analysis LCIA life cycle impact assessment NACE Nomenclature Gộnộrale ... Overall, an equivalency approach is applied for bridging to the terms used in reference documents that refer to similar terms (such as life cycle inventory, life cycle result, life cycle dataset and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 23:20

... study The deforestation and landscape changes associated with MTR have impacts on carbon storage and water cycles Life cycle GHG emissions from coal increase by up to 17% when those from deforestation ... power.2 To mon- Full cost accounting for the life cycle of coal etize and bound our estimate for damages due to emissions from land disturbance, our point estimate for the cost was calculated using ... (2011) 73–98 c 2011 New York Academy of Sciences 77 Full cost accounting for the life cycle of coal Epstein et al Table The life cycle impact of the U.S coal industry Economic Underground coal mining...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 00:20

... draws makes puts sets The worst-case for folks 'at work' is getting fired; the worst case for entrepreneurs is losing their home, personal credit, and lifestyle, as well as the destruction of ... imbroglio intaglio portfolio scenario We define entrepreneurial management as the practice of taking entrepreneurial knowledge and utilizing it for increasing the effectiveness of new business ... jousting juggling These vital management issues and activities play in what we call the entrepreneurial life cycle about on out through It was once said that entrepreneurship is a lot like driving...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2014, 01:20

... This is a 'sanity check', a go/no-go stage gate for part-time entrepreneurs because it out shaky ideas and exposes gaping holes fades fixes fleshes forms It is important to include objective, ... reasonable objectives were met, and the venture is on track for attaining true economic health, then the entrepreneur can chose between a capital for growth or remaining small with self-financing infusion ... remain small, for the simple fact that not all small ventures can or will become big companies; they are not fast growth potential because there is not enough room in the market for growth or...

Ngày tải lên: 25/07/2014, 01:20

... complete lifecycle of a computational biology experiment Galaxy provides a framework for performing computational analyses, systematically repeating analyses, capturing all details of performed ... platform for the signature-recognition methods in InterPro Bioinformatics 2001, 17:847-848 doi:10.1186/gb-2010-11-8-r86 Cite this article as: Goecks et al.: Galaxy: a comprehensive approach for ... abstractly, for example, automatically generating web interfaces for tools as described above Although this approach is less flexible than working in a programming language directly (for researchers...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:22