l learning of the translation rules

... suitable for learning the translation rules, and propose several methods to resolve prob- lems in adapting ME method to learning the translation rules. 2 Problem Setting If there exist (xl, Yl>, ... paper proposes a learning method of translation rules from parallel corpora. This method applies the maximum entropy prin- ciple to a probabilistic model of translation rules. First, we define ... ~t~ll Figure 3: log-likelihood rates of the '1st' for all models are not fa- vorable. We consider that it is the reason for this to assume word-to-word translation rules implicitly....

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... results. Focusing on the number of the rules, the rule set of the simple feedback cleaning is clearly a lo- cally optimal solution, since the number of rules is more than that of cross-cleaning, ... that the solution of cross-cleaning is also the locally optimal solution. If we could find the globally optimal solution, the MT quality would certainly improve further. 7 Discussion 7.1 Other ... results will change by adding a rule. 4.2 Cleaning Procedure Based on the above discussion, we utilize the hill- climbing algorithm, in which the initial solution contains all rules (called the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 04:22

... decomposition. Table 3 shows the results. Column # unlearned and # rules describe the number of unlearned graphs and the number of learned rules. Column  shows relative increase in the number of rules learned ... maintaining rules of wide-applicability. Their method employs a local learning approach, while the number of predicates in their data is too large to be handled directly by an ILP solver. In this ... Weld, 2010). Last, the algorithm can be easily parallelized by solving each component on a different core. 4.4 Incremental ILP Another solution for scaling ILP is to employ in- cremental ILP,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 21:20

... caused by the direct transfer of source language words for which no translation could be found. The top-level syntactic template, i.e. the labels of the immediate children of the root node of a sentence, ... Rosenfeld, 1997). We calculated two sets of values: lexicalized trigram perplexity, with values discretized into deciles and part of speech (POS) trigram perplexity. For the latter we used the following ... evaluating individual sentences. Evaluating an MT system overall Evaluating the accuracy of the classifier against held-out data is equivalent to evaluating the fluency of the MT system. As the MT system improves,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 04:20

... realize some remarkable issues relating to the translation of the terms. Firstly is the great usefulness of the methods of the translation of technical terms and Neologisms in the translation ... technically lexicalized in the TL. When encountering the translation of this type of compound terms, the analysis of experiential structure of the nominal group and the semantic relationship ... from other forms of translation by terminology, although terminology usually only makes up about 5-10% of a text”. Sofer (1999) claims that the translation of a text may be called technical when...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:12

... researcher of translation, shedding the translation of the Vietnamese culture words from the book in the light of translation theory, I would like to make following suggestions: First of all, given the ... culture words challengingly belongs to a particular group of people, the consistency of the translation from the beginning of the book to the end of the book is crucial. This helps avoid the ... common types of equivalence in translation of Vietnamese cultural words. It also studies the translation of Vietnamese cultural words and translation methods employed in their translation by Huu...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:31

... legal document is embedded in a culture that determines the structure of the legal system of that document as well as the legal language of that system. The language of the law of any legal ... predominant language of the law, French declined to be a living language and finally started to be replaced by English in the legal field in the late 15 th century. Along with the colonization of the ... Significance of the study The results of this study will help test the quality of the English translation of the Law on Investment 2005 of Vietnam under the model developed by the German linguist House,...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:36

... Vietnamese. III.2.4. Literal translation Among the collected data, there are ten terms which are translated literally with the lexical words rendered out of context. The lexical gap between the two languages ... Put differently, they should be made from the materials of the national language in terms of lexicology, forms and grammar. 11 ABSTRACT The need for the translation of US health plans into Vietnamese ... BH schedule of benefits bảng liệt kê của các quyền l i được hưởng If such translation is seen in the light of literal translation, it is grammatically acceptable. However, a translation is not simply...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:44

... that all of the teachers prepared the lesson very carefully; the lessons went smoothly and logically because all of the teachers were keen on the subject they taught. However, in all classes many ... observation. The table below reveals the difficulties students cope up with in learning English speaking skill? Table 7: The difficulties of students in English speaking learning Activities N 0 of students ... are lack of vocabulary of the students, the crowded class, the contents of some units 35 Table 6: Result of class room observation Note: A: applicable NA: not applicable Categories Results (%) Criteria...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 15:01

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:00

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2013, 13:06

... mechanics. Later in life they will learn the general properties of the pendulum through swinging on a swing and all about levers through the playground teeter-totter. The doll, the blocks, the swing, ... ac- tually familiar to us all. When they play with dolls, children rehearse ways of interacting with people. When they play with blocks, they teach themselves basic principles of spatial geometry ... critical technology for implementing the disciplines of the learning organization. And they will accomplish this by helping us rediscover the power of learning through play. Shell's Arie...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 18:20

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 13:19

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:53

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55

Ngày tải lên: 11/12/2013, 23:55