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... these cytokines enhanced the cell-mediated immunity, which was consistent with their known biological function Antigen specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response Delayed-type hypersensitivity ... Th2 cytokine profile detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR Cytokines play a dominant role in modulating immune response against infection or in the effectiveness of vaccination Therefore, semi-quantitative ... Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China 3College of Veterinary Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China Authors’ contributions CZ carried...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... JK, Kaitaniemi P, Koskinen P, Manninen V, et al.: Helsinki Heart Study: primary-prevention trial with gemfibrozil in middle-aged men with dyslipidemia Safety of treatment, changes in risk factors, ... similar effect in the contiguous endothelial cells, which, in combination with the CCR2 decreased expression, could be beneficial with respect to the risk of atherosclerosis considering their ... dehydrogenase; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; MCP-1: monocyte chemotactic protein-1; PIs: protease inhibitors; PPARα: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α; RQ: relative quantification; SDF-1:...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... roseopersicina showed similarity to HoxA of 4810 Ra eutropha (53% identity and 66% similarity) and to HupR (45% identity and 61% similarity) of R capsulatus In addition, the putative T roseopersicina ... most similar to HupT and HupUV of Azorhizobium caulinodans (65% similarity and 53% identity for HupT, 78% similarity and 68% identity for HupU, 68% similarity and 56% identity for HupV [17]) Downstream ... were identified The predicted parA gene product showed similarity to the partition protein A (57% similarity to ParA of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Orf154 showed 68% similarity to...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... (hu-LIF) Leukemia inhibitory factor is a cytokine with pleiotropic functions76; from a structural point of view, it is a medium-sized protein, which is heavily glycosylated on seven potential N-linked ... conditions yielding optimal transfection efficiencies need to be determined empirically Again it is recommendable to transfect several cell pools in parallel Primary Selection If a chimeric antibody ... harvested at different time points following infection with varying MOIs Analysis of recombinant protein production in these samples will indicate how much virus is needed to obtain maximal yield after...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 09:41

... packaging constraints on lentiviral vectors, minimizing the size of sequences required to enable co-expression is important in maximizing the capacity for therapeutic sequences In addition, efficient ... applications, where a major concern may be minimizing the risk of insertional mutagenesis In addition to the potential for intracellular mislocalisation of protein, the addition of 2A peptide ... additional amino acids in this case) to the first gene product might also interfere with the function of a given protein, and again this will have to be determined empirically for each application...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... packaging constraints on lentiviral vectors, minimizing the size of sequences required to enable co-expression is important in maximizing the capacity for therapeutic sequences In addition, efficient ... applications, where a major concern may be minimizing the risk of insertional mutagenesis In addition to the potential for intracellular mislocalisation of protein, the addition of 2A peptide ... additional amino acids in this case) to the first gene product might also interfere with the function of a given protein, and again this will have to be determined empirically for each application...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... P: Nitric oxide inhibits Marek’s disease virus replication but is not the single decisive factor in interferon-gamma-mediated viral inhibition Virology 2000, 277:58-65 40 Reed LJMH: A simple method ... up-regulation or downregulation of detected cytokines expression This is in accordance with the pathology and clinical signs of two distinctly virulent IBDV Infection with vvIBDV results in lymphoid ... Th1-cytokines expression during IBDV infection Infection with IBDV resulted in transcriptional changes of mRNA encoding IFN-g, IL-2 and IL-12p40 during the acute phase of the disease Differences in...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 21:21

... occupied by the ectodomain of an E monomer is pink (domain I) , yellow (domain II) and lilac (domain III) (b) Homodimer arrangement of the E protein on the surface of the flavivirus particle (Zhang ... 1, while lineage viruses are mainly restricted to endemic enzootic infection in Africa (Jia et al., 1999; Lanciotti et al., 2002) Due to antigenic cross-reactivity between different flaviviruses, ... scale Literature Review 1.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Introduction to West Nile Virus West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne virus that was first isolated and identified as a distinct pathogen in...

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2015, 15:58

... classification of World Health Organization (WHO), NPC is classified into histological types: • Type I: keratinising squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) • Type II: non-keratinising carcinoma • Type III: ... This function is achieved through the binding of EBNA1 to oriP which contains multiple EBNA1 binding sites OriP is a cis-acting element in EBV genome By associated with EBNA1, it enables the viral ... Perhaps it facilitates the transition from latency to lytic cycle (Sinclair et al., 1992) In addition to its involvement in viral genes expression, ZEBRA may interfere with IFNγ signal pathway to...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2015, 22:32

... Germany) sterilized by autoclavation The experiments were carried out with a WIS content of 7% with a total working weight of 1.4 kg To obtain the initially desired WIS content in the bioreactor, the ... compounds inhibit ethanolic fermentation (Almeida et al 2007) S cerevisiae strains with an industrial background are generally more inhibitor tolerant than haploid laboratory strains (Almeida et ... process-like conditions Due to the mutated XR the xylose uptake could be doubled along with a significant reduced xylitol yield, resulting in a substantial increase in the ethanol yield It will be important...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... learning to discriminate between positive and negative members of a given class of n-dimensional vectors The SVM works by mapping a given training set into a multi-dimensional space and attempting ... the Toronto area and I hired a medical student, Richard Chang, to dissect mice over the summer to obtain the tissues we were still missing Our bioinformatics collaborators, Brendan Frey and his ... 20,000 to 25,000 mark Mining the resulting data mountain required a sophisticated bioinformatic approach “You have to know what you are looking for and be able to formulate questions mathematically...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 18:21

... shoots) was, during that period, 30% lower in the C0 plants -enriched Dry matter partitioning (Table III) Table III shows that the root biomass of -enriched C0 plants was 69% heavier than roots ... were transferred into an airtight assimilation chamber where environmental conditions were controlled (22/15°C day-night, 15 h photoperiod, 50% RH) Whole plant photosynthesis at 250 jlmol-m- ... leaf thickness In the C0 chest-enriched nut plants, stomatal density and stomatal index were not significantly different from the control Growth pattern (Table 11) The C0 enrichment seemed to shorten...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 04:20

... window interval In addition, only 45 nucleotide binding site-encoding genes were identified in Br, suggesting that the total number of nucleotide binding site-encoding genes in the Br genome is likely ... duplication after the eudicot divergence and additional rounds of polyploidization following the divergence of Arabidopsis from its common ancestor with cotton [5] In this study, we refined inferences ... Brassica ancestor, accelerating gene loss in this triplicated ancestor compared to the Arabidopsis-Brassica common ancestor Alternatively, differences in the life cycles of Brassica progenitors might...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... allelic diversity within NBS domain is low compared to the highly variable LRR domain Previous studies identified significantly non-random chromosomal distributions of NBS-containing sequences ... bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery ... bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery LpEST from bioinformatic discovery...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:20

... stresses is challenging; therefore, it is important to identify candidate reference genes that are subject to only minimal regulation during an individual experiment, permitting accurate transcriptional ... then analyzed to verify the specificity of each amplification reaction; the dissociation curve was obtained by heating the amplicon from 60°C to 95°C (See additional file 1: Dissociation curve data) ... necessarily identify the putative Arabidopsis ortholog Closest Arabidopsis homologs were identified using TAIR BLAST 2.2.8 * The PCR efficiency was determined with LinReg software [23] † Terrier...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:20

... factor lippopolysaccharide binding protein lippopolysaccharide matrix assisted laser desorption ionization minimum-inhibitory concentration 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid polyacrylamide ... the interactions of rCRP-2 that are important for antimicrobial activity 95 C-terminal α-helix of rCRP-2 is critical for antimicrobial activity 98 Amphipathic profile of the C-terminal portion ... expression and purification efficiencies of recombinant CRP-1 and -2 in different host systems 60 Examples of endotoxin-binding proteins which interact with Lipid A 109 4.1 viii Summary The horseshoe...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 20:57

... functioned as cis-regulatory elements We then identified 16 transcription factor binding motifs that were enriched in intergenic MCEs in the vicinity of these nine genes We devised a computational ... Berman BP, Nibu Y, Pfeiffer BD, Tomancak P, Celniker SE, Levine M, Rubin GM, Eisen MB: Exploiting transcription factor binding site clustering to identify cis-regulatory modules involved in pattern ... additional epigenetic factors such as nucleosome positioning, DNA methylation and a number of histone modifications [52-54] Such epigenetic marks play critical roles in gene regulation in higher...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 21:20

... PROSITE prion protein signature motif (PS00291), which is held to be a signature of PrPs in vertebrates This so-called hydrophobic region is rich in small amino acids (Gly, Ala) and is included in ... a region with similarities to viral fusion peptides and reactive loops of serpins [28] Additional conserved sequence motifs and amino acid positions in zebrafish PrP2 and tetrapod PrPs are included ... Transcripts of prp1 started to be detected by 48 hpf in cranial ganglia including the trigeminal ganglia and their projections (Fig 4A,B,D,E) The hybridization signal was maintained in the ganglia...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... expression at h poststimulation was recorded in both head kidney and liver This indicates that the gene is inducible by LPS stimulation Administration of endotoxin induced IL-10 production in mice, ... motifs, in comparison to five in human IL-10, in the 3¢-UTR Whether this difference in the number of instability motifs affects translation needs to be investigated in future studies LPS induction ... shown in italics The deduced amino acid sequence is given below the nucleotides The motifs associated with mRNA instability are shown in bold and the polyadenylation signal in bold italics The stop...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 02:21

... activities were inhibited by 10 mM azide, but ADPase activity was more sensitive to azide inhibition than ATP hydrolysis and inhibition in DISCUSSION The existence of a cell surface ATPase in the bile ... investigation The function of the liver ecto-ATPDase is not established While its localization in the bile canaliculi is suggestive of its involvement in bile acid secretion, experimental evidence ... sensitive to azide inhibition than its ATPase activity at either pH 7.4 or pH 6.4 (Fig 3) At pH 7.4, mM azide inhibited ADP hydrolysis by  70% whereas ATP hydrolysis was inhibited by only 10% Inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 04:20