in vitro in vivo correlations fundamentals development considerations and applications

... shown) In conclusion, we have shown using both in vitro and in vivo methods, that PSI-G adopts a topology in the thylakoid membrane with the loop facing the stroma and its N- and C-termini facing ... promoter and terminator, and into vectors for in vitro transcription and translation An Arabidopsis line (psag-1.4 [5], termed DG in this report), lacking PSI-G due to a transposon footprint in exon ... after 0, 30 and 60 digestion with trypsin, probed with antibodies directed against PSI-G, PSI-K (intrinsic membrane protein, stromal loop), PSI-O (intrinsic membrane protein, luminal loop) and PSI-D...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... reduction in glucose and insulin levels 15mins after oral glucose load in an OGTT [111] However, no effect was observed on fasting glucose and insulin levels, contradicting the previous finding in normaglycemic ... caffeine, and (iv) CGA possesses hypoglycemic effects in human, animal and in vitro models, the present author's next aim is to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of CGA in both in vivo and in vitro ... Activation of insulin signaling upon binding of insulin to insulin receptors causes suppression of gluconeogenesis in liver and kidney [14], translocation of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT 4) from inner...

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2015, 18:22

... imaging information about miRNA biogenesis in cellular developments and disease In summary, molecular imaging techniques can be used to monitor the in vivo dynamics of miRNAs noninvasively, including ... vector containing three tandem repeat regions of miRNA23 binding sequence (reprinted with permission [11]) information for understanding the miRNA biogenesis related to human diseases Imaging miRNA ... et al [22] obtained quantitative in vitro images of nine transcripts that were predicted to be miRNA9 targets using the ensemble machinelearning algorithm However, in vivo imaging of miRNA regulation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... understanding the mechanisms and modes of actions involved in xenobiotic induced injury, a betterment of our comparative understanding, and ability to investigate and interpret hepatotoxicity in ... concentration in the exposure bath, and imaging depth in vivo (e.g., how deep into the tissues you are imaging), were each found to influence and define the digital image information captured in vivo, and ... for investigating blood to bile transport, IHBPs, EHBPs and intestinal lumen 10–50 μM 7-Ethoxyresorufin DMSO 30/45 In vivo imaging of CYP1A activity Uptake via gill, in vivo metabolism in gill and...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20

... scaling As an intrinsic part of INDSCAL (individual differences scaling) it has been widely used in psychometrics and related areas for a long time As such CANDECOMP and PARAFAC are identical and ... pure analytes In short, constraints can be helpful in obtaining better models Chapter 7: Applications In the last main chapter several applications of most of the models presented in the thesis ... determined freely according to the problem at hand PRINCIPAL COMPONENT FACTOR ANALYSIS: Appellof & Davidson reinvented the PARAFAC model and algorithm in 1981 inspired by the CANDECOMP algorithm In...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 22:20

... with formalin and paraffin embedded by standard histological examination To assess gross tissue morphology, sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin A vaginal irritation grading system ... particles in vitro [25], caused lesions in the vaginal epithelium in vivo and increased the probability of being infected with HIV-1 [26] To assess whether biological activity of C14 causes inflammation ... irritation, leucocytes infiltration, vascular congestion and edeme, and vaginal irritation index obtained in three groups of New Zealand White rabbits traited vaginally during 10 days by low (1...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... n nuụi c y in vitro 4.1.1 44 K t qu nghiờn c u kh nng trỡ c a cỏc d ng ch i cõy ng Ti n t bi n in vitro 4.1.2 44 K t qu nghiờn c u kh nng nhõn nhanh cỏc d ng ng Ti n t bi n in vitro 4.2 49 ... triphosphate BAP : 6-Benzylaminopurine CV : Correlation of Variants D : DMSO : Dimethyl sulphoxide EMS : Ethyl methane sulphonate G : G ch Ki : Kinetin (6-Furfurylaminopurine) LSD : Least Significant ... B ng Kh nng sinh tr ng v nhõn nhanh c a cỏc d ng ch i ng Ti n t bi n in vitro (gi ng hoa mu tr ng) 49 B ng Kh nng sinh tr ng v nhõn nhanh c a cỏc d ng ch i ng Ti n t bi n in vitro (gi ng...

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 16:09

... ⁄ v) fetal bovine serum (Gibco Invitrogen), 1% (v ⁄ v) PEST (Gibco Invitrogen), 1% (v ⁄ v) l-glutamine (Gibco Invitrogen) and 1% nonessential amino acids (Gibco Invitrogen) Murine hepatoma-1 ... all-trans-retinoic acid, the findings clearly demonstrate that S-4o9cDH-RA has the capacity to bind and activate nuclear retinoid receptors and regulate gene transcription both in vitro and in vivo Retinoids ... grown in low-glucose DMEM (Gibco Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% (v ⁄ v) fetal bovine serum (Gibco Invitrogen), 1% (v ⁄ v) PEST (Gibco Invitrogen), 1% (v ⁄ v) l-glutamine (Gibco Invitrogen) and...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 08:20

... and Snf5, respectively, were shown to mediate interaction with transcriptional activators in vitro [33] Recombinant activator interaction domains interact with activation domains in vitro using ... The in vivo validation of the Swi1 and Snf5 activator-binding domains is also of interest in relation to the twostep binding mechanism between Gal4 and Swi1 that has been characterized in vitro ... the model proposing that the activator-binding domains, largely defined and characterized in vitro, are necessary for SWI ⁄ SNF recruitment in vivo This is crucial for understanding the roles played...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... injected in the gonad with 100 lL of saline solution containing dsRNA, or saline solution for the control After dsRNA injection, oysters were maintained in raceways in conditions allowing optimal ... Effects of in vivo oyvl-dsRNA injection on germ cell development in oysters, month postinjection (A) Female control, injected with saline solution Oocytes are in vitellogenesis (B) Female injected ... protein extract from each tissue was loaded into the gel A single band of about 79 kDa was detected in female and male gonads Fig In vivo dispersion of DIG-labelled oyvl-dsRNA injected into oyster...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... USA) and transformed into E coli for protein induction Extracts prepared from cells induced for h were shown to contain a six-histidine C-terminal-tagged OsRPA14 fusion protein The OsRPA14 protein ... tag were obtained by in vitro translation in wheatgerm extract (Invitrotec) according to the manufacturer’s procedure OsRPA70a (or OsRPA70b) and OsRPA32, or OsRPA32 and OsRPA14 were incubated with ... soluble in the presence of m urea Soluble fractions were loaded on to columns containing 10 mL His-Bind resin (Novagen) The columns were washed with 50 mL binding buffer containing m urea and then...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... CPS and O-chain LPS are composed of linear trisaccharide repeating units containing 3-linked 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-quinovose, 4-linked 3-[(N-acetyl-L-alanyl) amido]-3-deoxy-D-quinovose and 3-linked ... Interresidue NOEs were observed between H-1a and H-3c and between H-1b and H-3a, suggesting a linear structure a-c-b (Fig 2E,F) In addition, interresidue NOEs between H-1c and H-4b (Fig 2G) indicated ... and O-chain polysaccharide of A salmonicida strain 80204-1 the previously identified O-chain containing L-rhamnose, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose and D-glucose [11], confirming that the novel CPS and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... the protein The self-cleavage of LexA protein is important in the SOS response in bacteria [21–23] In vitro self-cleavage was also observed in all investigated bacterial SPase I including enzymes ... results intrigued us to investigate the cleavage of S pneumoniae SPase I in vivo As shown in Fig 6C, Western blot analysis demostrated that the self-cleavage of SPase I is indeed occuring in vivo in ... product in exponential growth phase In general, the bacterial cells maintained the active SPase I in the highest level in Fig Cell growth of S pneumoniae and Western blot analysis of in vivo self-cleavage...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21

... nonspecific binding by protein–protein interactions, cells were incubated with 100 lg ligand-free carrier protein (BSA) per mL for 30 at °C before incubation with the biotinylated neoglycoprotein in Dulbecco’s ... assay, saturable and carbohydrate-dependent binding was measured, and the resulting Scatchard plots gave straight lines indicating the presence of a single class of binding sites in each case (not ... neoglycoproteins, we determined their binding to cells and to tissue sections as well as their biodistribution in mice after injection of radioiodinated material Binding to cells and organs In these...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

... evaluated in cell culture and in intranasally infected mice The deletion of F2L had a minimal impact on viral replication in vitro and did not appear to significantly reduce the virulence in vivo ... repeatable increase in the efficacy of N-methanocarbathymidine (N-MCT) (Table 2) This compound is a carbocyclic thymidine analog that inhibits the replication of VV both in vitro and in vivo [12,13], and ... with Earle's salts containing 10% fetal bovine serum and standard concentrations of Lglutamine, penicillin and gentamicin The drugs tested included CDV, IDU, N-MCT, 5-(2amino-3-cyano-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromen-4yl)-1-(2-deoxypento-furanosyl)-pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)dione...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... reports describing the in vitro inhibitory effect of compounds such as ribavirin, mycophenolic acid, imino sugars, inhibitors of serine protease, RNA interference and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory ... lanes and – in vitro translation products of RNA obtained form JEV infected PS cells (untreated) at and 10 hours post infection respectively Lanes and – in vitro translation product of RNA obtained ... Comparative study of the effects of isatin, an endogenous MAO-inhibitor, and seleginine on bradykinasia and dopamine levels in a rat model Parkinson's disease induced by the Japanese encephalitis...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... J, Ince N, Ouyang N, Min J, Chen J, Shankar P, Lieberman J: RNA interference targeting Fas protects mice from fulminant hepatitis Nat Med 2003, 9:347-351 Gitlin L, Karelsky S, Andino R: Short interfering ... growing in a monolayer, and having a well-defined tendency for parallel orientation Viral infection causes a marked CPE resulting in total cellular detachment, rounding, and destruction, which ... 36 and 48 h postinfection Samples of supernatant were obtained at designated time points, and the TCID50 were determined by the Reed-Muench formula BHK-21 cells are fibroblastic, growing in a...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... Akt and Erk signalling pathways in mediating the effects of the gonadotropins and IGF on follicle cell function and on follicular development The stimulation of inhibin-A, activin-A, follistatin, ... previously in the bovine model Increases in Akt and Erk signalling proteins in response to FSH and IGF stimulation suggest a role for Akt and Erk signal transduction pathways in FSH and IGF mediated ... endpoints measured Our findings suggest that Akt is important in mediating the effects of FSH on inhibin-A, activin-A, oestradiol and progesterone secretion and also important in mediating IGF-I...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... distribution in these last two studies was similar to what was obtained with the i.v injected 11 1In- labeled panitumumab F(ab’)2 already discussed Discussion The in vivo and in vitro properties of the intact ... radiolabelings TN performed PET imaging and analysis MWB synthesized the chelate and participated in the design of the studies DEM conceived of and coordinated the studies and assisted with the in vivo ... represents the first in vitro and in vivo characterization of panitumumab F(ab’) fragment with an emphasis on its evaluation towards both imaging and therapeutic applications Materials and methods Preparation...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... cultured in the cell culture medium containing μg/ mL adriamycin (Sigma) Both cell lines were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% FCS, 100 U/ml of penicillin, and 100 μg/ml of streptomycin ... and fixed in 100% methanol for 10 Cell monolayers were blocked in 5% BSA in PBS for 45 and incubated for h at room temperature with P-gp antibodies (Invitrogen, Beijing, China), followed by incubation ... were suspended in 100 μL of culture medium and subcutaneously inoculated into the right flank of mice using a 1.0 mL syringe Intravenous injection of reagents and tumor growth inhibition study...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20