history science and history of science

... understood and before a new area of science develops Occasionally, however, there are leaps in scientific progress Such leaps represent major discoveries that 259 – HISTORY AND NATURE OF SCIENCE ... the foundations of understanding and lead to new modes of thinking Thomas Kuhn, philosopher of science, called such discoveries paradigm shifts Here are some major advances in science ■ ■ ■ ■ ... – HISTORY AND NATURE OF SCIENCE – almost seems to be innate, and the thrill that comes from understanding nature or making a new experiment work is...

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2013, 17:20

... W I LLI AM S AM ER I CAN M U SEU M OF PAP ERM AKI N G II Part I The History and Social Studies of Papermaking Around the World The History and Social Studies of Papermaking Around the World Pre-Paper ... frame, and fit around the edges and top of the mold The papermaker would put both pieces together and dip them into a wooden vat filled with 95% water and 5% pulp The papermaker Hand mill drying loft ... Tear off a corner of the first sample of paper hand lens plastic screw-top jar of microscope water, about oz plastic dropper paper tray Rub the torn edge of the first sample between your thumb and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... Studies and the History of Science 1835–1855 Stephen Rigaud’s Historical Writings Antiquarians, Archivists, Librarians and Historians of Science Joseph Edleston’s Correspondence of Newton and Cotes ... context of his loyalty to Laplace and, especially, the events of the years 1821–2 However, Biot had a longterm commitment to understanding the life and work of Newton, and the history of seventeenth-century ... Morality and ‘Impartial’ History Conclusion David Brewster’s Memoirs of Sir Isaac Newton (1855): The ‘regretful witness’ The Gestation of Brewster’s Memoirs The Memoirs and the History of Science...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... stages Some of the material in this book has appeared previously in the journals Science in Context and History of Science, and benefited from the comments of anonymous referees Portions of this work ... accommodation, and depends on background lighting, the rate of change of intensity, and the characteristics of the observer One attempt to obviate the effect of eye 23 A History of Light and Colour ... to artists, dyers, industrialists and a handful of scientists? Seeking answers requires the exploration of territory in the history, sociology and philosophy of science Light was made to count...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:28

... relations between the history of science and the psychological study of thinking and thus try to foster and demonstrate the possibility of a synthesis of psychology and the study of the sciences—our research ... Finally and this is where my comparison of Piaget and Gruber began—both sought to bridge developmental psychology and the history of science Piaget as well as Gruber recognize history of science ... psychology has to contribute to our understanding of the course of scientific development, the historical growth of knowledge, and theoretical change HISTORY OF SCIENCE AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN RECENT...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 16:05

... challenge for the community of historians of science, and can be addressed only Positioning the History of Science by enlarging the interface between science and the history of science But can this ... Kaiser 99 History, Science, and History of Science Helge Kragh 105 Parallel Lives and The History of Science Mary Jo Nye 109 Discarding Dichotomies, Creating Community: Sam Schweber and Darwin ... about science, to highlight the moral and edifying aspects of science, to remind us that social choices are at the core of science and to stress the communal aspects of the history of science, ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 11:21

... Earth SciEncE A Scientific History of the Solid Earth Earth Science A Scientific History of the Solid Earth Michael Allaby Illustrations by Richard Garratt EARTH SCIENCE: A Scientific History of ... village of Brandon, in the county of Norfolk in eastern England, there is an area of about  acres ( hectares [ha]) of uneven, grass-covered land with pits, abandoned quarries, spoil heaps, and ... point of view, consisted of the fairly narrow strips of land to the north and south of the Mediterranean Farther north were cold lands inhabited by mythical peoples, and to the south were hot lands,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 04:21

... in a philosophy of science: the aim of science, explanation, criticism, and discovery He offers several statements of the aim of science One sets forth the "biological task of science" , which ... both science and philosophy of science continue to evolve Not surprisingly there exists what may be called a cultural lag between the evolution of science and the development of philosophy of science, ... philosophy of science It then took up philosophy of language – syntax, semantics, ontology, and pragmatics And it finally considered the four topical areas of philosophy of science – the aim of science, ...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:26

... nature of mind and the mind–body problem; the evolution of mind; freedom and purpose; and how various psychopathologies are possible Most of the topics studied in cognitive science fall under one of ... MYSTERY OF THE MISSING DISCIPLINE 8.i Anthropology and Cognitive Science a The beginnings of cognitive anthropology b Peoples and prototypes c Hopes and a hexagon d More taxonomies (and more ... many years) and, above all, in a scientifically grounded philosophy of mind Braithwaite—whom I saw more often—was a leading philosopher of science, and also held the Knightsbridge Chair of Moral...

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:12

... Galbraith, and Robert Heilbroner) and the warm familiarity of history- of the Jazz Age, of the Great Depression, of Reaganomics, and so on Third, I would like to extend the good luck of past generations ... productivity and the resultant breakup of the manor, travel and exploration, the enclosure movement (especially in England), the MERCANTILISM BIG GOVERNMENT AND 33 buying and selling of land and labor, ... clarity of its world view and because for many centuries it stood in the way of the evolution of free markets and of economic science The classical economists still had to contend with some of its...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 09:20

... Easy control of competitors and predators Ease of daily observation of stocks for better management and early detection and treatment of parasites and diseases Reduces fish handling and mortalities ... Philippines (Quinitio and Toledo, 1991) Thailand (Tookwinas, 1990a) Thailand (Tookwinas, 1990a) Thailand (Chaitanawisuti and Piyatiratitivorakul, 1994b) Introduction and History of Cage Culture × ... bays and lagoons, sheltered coves and inland seas The surface-floating unit consists of floats, framework and netcage Most floating cages 12 Table 1.3 Fish species and culture specifics of fish...

Ngày tải lên: 09/12/2013, 22:15

... of England All of these forecasts, and literally millions of others of a similar degree of certainty, are based on the specific understanding of the values and goals motivating millions of nameless ... reaction Understanding deals with judgments of value, with the choice of ends and of the means resorted to for the attainment of these ends, and with the valuation of the outcome of actions performed.21 ... the starting point of a specific mode of reflection, of the specific understanding of the historical sciences of human action.” Equipped with the method of “specific understanding,” the historian,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/01/2014, 02:20

... Easy control of competitors and predators Ease of daily observation of stocks for better management and early detection and treatment of parasites and diseases Reduces fish handling and mortalities ... Philippines (Quinitio and Toledo, 1991) Thailand (Tookwinas, 1990a) Thailand (Tookwinas, 1990a) Thailand (Chaitanawisuti and Piyatiratitivorakul, 1994b) Introduction and History of Cage Culture × ... bays and lagoons, sheltered coves and inland seas The surface-floating unit consists of floats, framework and netcage Most floating cages 12 Table 1.3 Fish species and culture specifics of fish...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... meaning and structure of a science fiction story: A sysyemic 39 said to the man We can breathe the air its a mixture of oxygen and R:P R:P R:D nitrogen. Both of them took off their helmets and ... mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. (16) ||| Both of them took off the helmets (17) || and breathed deeply.||| (18) || They looked at everything carefully (19) || All the plants and animals looked new and ... find in 20, dont understand in 27, and dont worry in 34) characterising the perception and feeling of the characters when they land in the new planet; and are relational and existential processes...

Ngày tải lên: 12/02/2014, 20:20

... contemplation of the nature of it; and of the extent of it; and of the difficulty of subduing it.—Usefulness also of the contemplation of this subject I scarcely know of any subject, the contemplation of ... misery and crimes, included in the evil as it has been found in foreign lands, were not confined within the shores of a little island Most of the islands of a continent, and many of these of considerable ... REMARKS ON THE ABOLITION OF SLAVERY CHAPTER I Introduction.—Estimate of the evil of the Slave Trade; and of the blessing of the Abolition of it.—Usefulness of the contemplation of this subject CHAPTER...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 09:20

... Stuart S Nagel 54 Handbook of Regulation and Administrative Law, edited by David H Rosenbloom and Richard D Schwartz 55 Handbook of Bureaucracy, edited by Ali Farazmand 56 Handbook of Public Sector ... 90 Handbook of Public Quality Management, edited by Ronald J Stupak and Peter M Leitner 91 Handbook of Public Management Practice and Reform, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou 93 Handbook of Crisis and ... Administration, Alexander B Aikman 130 Handbook of Globalization, Governance, and Public Administration, edited by Ali Farazmand and Jack Pinkowski 131 Handbook of Globalization and the Environment,...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 20:20

... m3 of methane requires m3 of oxygen and produces m3 of carbon dioxide and m3 of water vapour Therefore, 90 m3 of methane will require 180 m3 of oxygen and produce 90 m3 of carbon dioxide and ... often the initial letters of the name of the substance, like H for hydrogen, O for oxygen These symbols are not only a form of shorthand and save a lot of writing, they also show the amount of ... has two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen combined together Similarly, methane gas, which forms the main part of natural gas, is made up of one atoms of carbon and four atoms of hydrogen So...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 07:20

... Arabicus and Indicus 2nd.—H Neptunianus, consisting of 1st, the Malays peopling the coasts of the islands of the Indian Ocean, Madagascar, &c.; 2nd, New Zealanders and Islanders of the Pacific; and, ... Æthiopicus The Negro 7th.—H Polynesius The inland inhabitants of the Malay Peninsula, of the Islands of the Indian Ocean, of Madagascar, New Guinea, New Holland, &c I think this system is the one that ... Parsees, and Mahrattas of the west coast, the Singhalese of the extreme south, the Tamils of the east, and the Bengalis of the north-east Mongolians (H Scythicus), inhabiting the chain of mountains...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 21:20

... chemistry and climate model indicate multiple, regionally variable and partially-offsetting, effects of BC on absorption and reflection of sunlight, reflectivity of clouds, and the strength of lower ... on realistic evaluation of the uncertainties of climate science This report is one of a series intended to communicate research results and improve public understanding of climate issues, thereby ... chemistry and climate submodel is in turn driven by the combination of these anthropogenic and natural emissions This submodel includes atmospheric and oceanic chemistry and circulation, and land hydrological...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

... Self-Determination of Peoples (editor) Republican Legal Theory The History, Constitution and Purposes of Law in a Free State M.N.S Sellers Regents Professor of the University System of Maryland and Director of ... Aristotle, and Livy, who all demanded an “imperia legum” or “empire of laws and not of men”.92 Adams and Harrington both quoted the observations of Donato Gianotti who divided the whole history of government ... author of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,51 collected in his Defence of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, three volumes of examples and commentaries...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20