high resolution in vivo multiphoton tomography of skin

... evolution of the bulk single crystals upon heating Of particular focus in this work is the determination of micro- and nanotwin domains in the bulk PZN-PT single crystals by means of high- resolution ... predominantly of {110}-type tetragonal micro/nanotwins which behave in a coordinated manner upon heating The fine details viii of the rhombohedral and tetragonal micro/nanotwin domains in PZN-PT single ... the nanotwin T domains in PMN-35%PT single crystal by means of the high- resolution TEM Meanwhile, no intermediate M phases were detected in Brillouin scattering and Raman spectroscopy investigations...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... shoulder extending from the main (002)R peak, its intensity typically decreasing continuously with decreasing 2θ value in the mapping; (2) in addition to the extended spreading in the ω = 0° plane, ... saddle point in the mapping except that the said saddle point remains not well-defined in the mapping in Figure 5.3(b) Lastly, should it represent a new phase, then (4) there is a wide spread in its ... polishing, and (b) deformation of R relaxor single crystals with their c axes lying normal to the plane of the surface and are placed in high in- plane compression Their microscopic sizes and the highly...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... consisted of highly distorted R phase owing to the soft elastic constants of R The distorted R phases are microscopic in size, of a wide range of lattice parameters and are stressed in intense ... regions of slight birefringence when the polishing direction was uncoordinated (d) This polishing-induced surface layer was fairly resistant to annealing but could be largely eliminated by poling ... overpoling phenomenon as a result of E-field induced phase transformation in relaxor single crystals [1, 16, 90, 91] A different result was obtained when poling was applied on annealed samples instead...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... in the x-ray profile following any direction of polishing, suggesting that the surface phase is always present regardless of the direction and/or mode of polishing This behavior can be explained ... repolishing in the [110]pc direction Arrows indicate the direction of polishing Note the realignment from (a) to (b) (c) The domain patterns in the underlying material revealed by the focusing technique ... an angle of 45° and again polished back and forth in the new direction After the second polishing, the earlier set of domains disappeared and was replaced by a new set of elongated domains aligned...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... (f) streaking effect of untilted T nanodomains, (i) streaking effects of tilted T nanodomains, and (l) combined diffraction patterns of T micro/nanodomains of all configuration 84 result of their ... along the line joining the two parent nanotwin diffractions, of which the exact position is determined by the lever rule according to the intensity of respective parent diffractions which, in turn, ... {110}-type T twin planes are indicated by white dashed line in (c) The intensity contours are on log scale 91 twin components [43-45] Using these findings, the detailed configuration of the {110}-type...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... the type of the R nanotwin domains For instance, diffractions streaking along pc crystal direction indicate the presence of {100}-type R nanotwins (Figure 7.3); while those streaking along ... The projection of the coexistence of R micro- and nanotwins onto (002) RSM 112 coexistence of R micro- and nanotwin domains on (002) RSM 7.3 Evidence of rhombohedral micro/nanotwins in PZN-4.5%PT ... predicted projections of R micro- and nanotwin mixture illustrated in Figure 7.5 The main R peak (d2) may be assigned to that arising from {110}-type R nanotwin, while the remaining two off ω = 0º plane...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... (Figure 8.2b), two new peaks superimposing onto the existing diffraction peaks were noted on the (002) mapping, indicating the emergence of a new phase With increasing temperature, the peaks gradually ... relaxed via twinning of both the untransformed T and the transformed R phases Thus, at room condition, the mixture of R and T micro- and/or nanotwins may coexist in PZN-PT single crystals of PT contents ... Figure 8.5, in which twinning serves to relax the residual stresses in the perovskite structure Note that micro- and/or nanotwin domains exist in both the R and T phases although only those in the...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... of (001)T twin diffractions in as-grown PZN-6%PT single crystal may be due to the higher residual stress and/or the presence of a much higher portion of T nanotwin domains in this crystal ... more readily seen in the 1/ε’ versus temperature plot As shown in the inset of Figure 8.9(a), the value of 1/ε’ showed a steeper drop at about 90 °C In addition, a clear anomaly in ε’ (and a steplike ... (Figure 8.10g) It is interesting to note from Figures 8.10(g)-(h) that the emergence of the C phase caused the diffractions of the T phase to become increasingly tilted out of the ω = 0° plane...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... domains in the crystal The formation of micro- and nanotwin domains in perovskite structure may serve as a means to relax the transformation stress in the crystal Another interesting finding of ... in a strained state after poling This result shows that, on being optimally poled, PZN-(4.5-8)%PT single crystals remain in the R state but possess a higher residual strain The effect of poling ... tilting of the R diffraction out of the ω = 0° plane indicates that both crystals existed in a strained state as the result of poling induced stresses This finding is supported by the work Liu...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... on comparing to the unpoled samples of broad R phase The strained state of the poled crystals is the result of poling induced stresses in the crystals 177 (f) In the event of PP-ZFH in PZN-(4.5-7)%PT, ... clear signs of hysteresis on cooling to room temperature Above this temperature, the area of the dielectric hysteresis increases with increasing heating temperature The heating and cooling rate ... nanotwin structure of both {100}-type and {110}type At high PT content (i.e., x ≈ 0.08), the R phase is made up predominantly of {110}-type micro/nanotwin, as manifested by the single R peak of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... presence of R micro- and nanotwin domains in the PZN-PT single crystals Despite so, the ultra fine nanotwin structure in R, are difficult to resolve with high- synchrotron x-ray as available in SSLS Higher ... studies of the engineered monoclinic crystal domains in single crystal relaxor ferroelectric, J Appl Phys., 87, p 8159-8164 2000 70 Yin, J and W Cao Domain configurations in domain engineered ... in PZN(6-8)%PT crystals, which are shadowed by the R domains upon fracturing (b) To investigate the effects of temperature and E-field on the R and T micro- and nanotwin domains in relaxor single...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... comparisons, instructions Interaction routines are the ones based not so much on sequences of kinds of terms occurring in typical kinds of interactions These routines thus can be characterized in broad ... been trained in CLT Three of them are trained in English teaching-training courses and two others in an English teaching workshop They also admit they have applied CLT in their speaking teaching ... chapter presents the findings, and recommendations for the improvement of English speaking teaching and learning at Gia Phu High School summary of the findings According to the finding from the questionnaire,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/01/2014, 10:33

... pneumoniae SPase I For in vitro self-cleavage of S pneumoniae SPase I in the presence of phospholipid, 20 lL of reaction containing lg of purified SPase I was incubated in 37 °C for h in 20 mM Tris/HCl ... the protein The self-cleavage of LexA protein is important in the SOS response in bacteria [21–23] In vitro self-cleavage was also observed in all investigated bacterial SPase I including enzymes ... cleavage of prestreptokinase, typically, reactions (20 lL) containing 0.1 lg SPase I or SPase37–204 were incubated with lg of purified prestreptokinase at 37 °C for h in the buffer containing 20...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:21

... demonstration of intracellular transglutaminase-catalyzed protein cross-linking in vivo Experimental procedures Collection of sperm Specimens of A pectinifera were collected, during their breeding season, ... Ó FEBS 2003 In vivo cross-linking of histones (Eur J Biochem 270) 3755 Fig In situ monodansylcadaverine (DCA) labeling of histones in sperm nuclei A sperm nuclear suspension was incubated for ... transglutaminase Occurrence of transglutaminase in sperm chromatin We next examined whether nuclear transglutaminase is present in the chromatin fraction by carrying out an immunoblot analysis using...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 07:20

... that virus dose affects both the level of infected progeny and the kind of infection found in insects hatching from eggs laid by virus infected females, indicating a direct correlation between virus ... the large increase in virus over a 24 hour cycle observed in vitro also occurs in vivo, resulting in a significant daily increase in the titer of Hz-2V in these experimentally infected female moths ... percentage of agonadal progeny arising from eggs laid by the infected females As the dose of Hz-2V used to infect a female moth is increased, a corresponding increase is observed in total agonadal...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... that virus dose affects both the level of infected progeny and the kind of infection found in insects hatching from eggs laid by virus infected females, indicating a direct correlation between virus ... the large increase in virus over a 24 hour cycle observed in vitro also occurs in vivo, resulting in a significant daily increase in the titer of Hz-2V in these experimentally infected female moths ... percentage of agonadal progeny arising from eggs laid by the infected females As the dose of Hz-2V used to infect a female moth is increased, a corresponding increase is observed in total agonadal...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 04:20

... all over Japan In this study, we investigated the antibiotic effect of JRF on H pylori infection in vivo and its anti-inflammatory effects on the H pylori-induced gastritis, using a Mongolian ... for the detection of mucin-containing cells Because the inflammatory component of the mucosa was virtually identical to that found in human H pylori gastritis, the degree of inflammation could ... Histopathological findings In animals from non- H pylori inoculated groups (C and D), inflammatory cell infiltration into the lamina propria was negligible (Table and Fig 2C) In contrast, active...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 16:23

... 0.006 inches (Lightlab Imaging Inc, Westford, MA, USA; http:// www.lightlabimaging.com) Recently, OCT has been adapted for high- resolution imaging in nontransparent tissue In addition, a variety of ... the ability of OCT to perform in vitro imaging of the human knee were confirmed in vivo using a novel handheld probe Materials and methods The principle behind OCT has been described in detail ... A schematic drawing of the OCT system used in this study is shown in Fig 1a In this study, a novel, compact, handheld OCT imaging probe capable of performing lateral scanning of the articular...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:22

... and the effects of cell apoptosis were determined by 2-(4-Amidinophenyl)-6-indolecarbamidine dihydrochloride (DAPI) staining (C) Cell viability was determined by trypan blue staining VLPs IL-10 ... results in the production of multiple inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, INF-γ and TNF-α production, which is known to cause tissue necrosis and organ failure In addition to inducing the ... production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, LPS also triggers the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, in the bloodstream of normal mice [17] Many cell types can produce IL-10, including...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... http://www.cmjournal.org/content/4/1/14 Inhibition rate % Chinese Medicine 2009, 4:14 acetylshikonin μg/ml Figure cells (n = effects of acetylshikonin on the growth of tumor Inhibitory 3) Inhibitory effects of acetylshikonin on ... was obtained from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences The cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Minhai Bio-engineering, China) MTT ... structures of acetylshikonin (I) and shikonin (II) Chemical structures of acetylshikonin (I) and shikonin (II) cells Natural shikonin-like compounds also have significant in vivo antitumor effects In...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 15:21