hematopoietic stem cell development niches and signaling pathways

... transmigration. Cell transmigration is also involved in processes such as cancer cell metastasis and stem cell homing, and although the steps of cancer cell transmigration are similar to those for immune cells, ... mechanical forces and signaling pathways during transendothelial cell migration Kimberly M. Stroka and Helim Aranda-Espinoza Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College ... stiffness on cell adhesion and migration. Many cell types, including ECs [52–55], smooth muscle cells [56–58], fibroblasts [23,54,59], neu- rons [60,61], stem cells [62], neutrophils [63,64], and macrophages...

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... of cell proliferation, cell cycle, posi- tive regulation of mitosis, negative regulation of cell proliferation, and multicellular organism development) , apoptosis (antiapoptosis, apoptosis, and ... tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, regulation of small GTPase-mediated signal transduction, G-pro- tein-coupled receptor protein signaling pathway, and signal transduction), cell growth (cell proliferation, positive ... Vegfa a Pathways targeted by upregulated miRNA. b Pathways targeted by downregulated miRNA. All of these pathways show increased enrich- ment, P-values, FDRs, and predicted targeted genes. Signaling...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... hematopoietic stem cells. Science 241, 58–62. 10. Uchida, N. and Weissman, I. L. (1992) Searching for hematopoietic stem cells: evidence that Thy-1.11o Lin- Sca-l+ cells are the only stem cells in ... functional properties and cell- cycle status of the same group of putative stem cells. Instead, cell- cycle analysis and assessment of hematopoietic potential of primitive progenitor cells have usually ... Lin – cells G2 G2 = R1 and R2 Viable CD34 + Thy-1 – Lin – cells G3 G3 = R1 and R3 Viable CD34 + Thy-1 + Lin – cells G4 G4 = R4 and R1 Viable Lin – cells in lymphoblastoid size G5 G5 = R1 and...

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... which a stem cell divides to generate one or two daughter stem cells with developmental potentials that are indistinguish- able from that of the mother cell. This process is cen- tral to development, ... ) embryonic stem (ES) cell lines and found that these mutant cells exhibited severe defects in cell proliferation without aberrant differentiation in vitro or in vivo. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis and ... ⁄ ) ES cells. (A) AP staining of wild-type and Ptb ) ⁄ ) ES cells. The AP activities were positive in both wild-type cells and the two Ptb ) ⁄ ) ES cell clones. Scale bar: 100 lm. (B) Cell proliferation...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... Rac, and Rac can induce JNK ⁄ MAPK signaling. Dkk1 and SOX7 are antagonists of Wnt signaling. Both are identified as direct targets of the p38 and JNK pathways. Y. Zhang et al. Signaling pathways ... late two -cell embryo [38]. The onset of expression of Wnt4 is observed in the 4- ⁄ 8- cell stages, and is more strongly expressed at the 8- and 16 -cell and blastocyst stages. Both Wnt3a and -4 ... oocytes and at later blastocyst stages; Notch4 and Dll-4 mRNAs can be detected from the two -cell stage to the hatched blastocyst stage; and Notch3, Dll-1 and Dtx1 mRNAs are found in two -cell embryos...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... shown that various unstimulated murine and human T-cells, B-cells, myeloid cells, monocytic cells and fibroblasts, but not neuronal cells or embryonic stem cells, express STAT6, indicating that ... effector cell populations exist, Th1, Th2 and Th17, characterized by their cytokine repertoire and how they regulate B -cell and T -cell Keywords adaptive immunity; fish immunology; T-cells; transcription ... of antibodies by B-cells, and for the elimination of extracellular pathogens, such as helminths and other extracellular parasites [2]. Th17 is the most recently identified Th cell subset and secretes...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... relevance. The understanding of how cell swelling integrates into the cell cycle machinery and how cell shrinkage sensitizes cells to apoptotic stimuli requires further scientific effort. Cell hydration ... general, cell swelling stimulates ana- bolic metabolism and proliferation and provides cyto- protection, whereas cellular shrinkage leads to catabolism and insulin resistance and sensitizes cells ... Anisoosmotically exposed cells and tissues were frequently used as a model in order to study osmosensing and osmosignaling. By this approach, the activation of signaling pathways by cell volume changes...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... the nature of the intracellular signaling pathways that link S1P signaling to Cyr61/CCN1 gene expression and showed that the activation of RhoA GTPase and p38 MAP kinase pathways is required for ... of the signaling pathway coupling the actin cytoskeleton and Cyr61/CCN1 gene expression is required to better under- stand the interactions between actin dynamics and genetic programming in the cells. Within ... angiogenic factor and a member of a family of growth factor-inducible immediate-early genes with functions in cell adhesion, pro- liferation and differentiation. We investigated the regulatory mechanisms and signaling...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20