handbook of food engineering

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:03

... bled ϭ (H 6 Ϫ H 5 )/(H 2 Ϫ H 5 ) ϭ (196.15/1107.9) ϭ 0.1771, or 17.71 percent. 2. Find the amount of heat converted to work per pound (kg) of throttle steam (b) The amount of heat converted to work per pound (kg) of throttle steam ϭ (H 1 Ϫ H 2 ) ϩ (1 Ϫ 0.1771)(H g Ϫ H 4 ) ϭ 467.3 ... given at the website. Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS 1.10 POWER GENERATION from the steam bottoming cycle. For this study, two types of supplementary firing are considered—(1) ... work of M. Boswell, R. Tawney, and R. Narula, all of Bechtel Corporation, as reported in Power magazine, where it was edited by Steven Collins. SI values were added by the editor of this handbook. Related...

Ngày tải lên: 09/11/2013, 04:15

... (0.28 kg) of water per pound (kg) of dry air. Since the water content of the air is a function of the partial pressures, (0.622) (0.5067) /[(2 ϫ 0.5067)] ϭ 0.673 lb of water per lb of dry air ... a capacity of 8000 gal (30,280.0 L), and the steam space has a capacity of 30,000 gal (113,550.0 L) of water. Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright ... the quantity of steam, lb m /h (kg/h), lost from the condenser. Calculation Procedure: 1. Compute the mass rate of flow per hour of the air leakage The mass rate of flow per hour of the estimated...

Ngày tải lên: 09/11/2013, 04:15

... combustion and increases the weight of the products of combustion per pound (kilogram) of coal burned. Therefore, the weight of the products of combustion is the sum of the weight of the combustion products ... cu m) of natural gas; 1300 cu ft of air (36.8 cu m) per gal (0.003785 cu m) of No. 2 fuel oil; 1450 cu ft of air (41 cu m) per gal of No. 5 fuel oil; 1500 cu ft of air (42.5 cu m) per gal of No. ... /18)(0.013) ϭ 0.0209, say 0.021 mol of water per mol of air. The product of this and the moles of air gives the total moles of Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... M ƒ ϭ lb of moisture per lb fuel burned; M a ϭ lb of moisture per lb of dry air to furnace; C b ϭ lb of carbon burned per lb of fuel burned ϭ C ϭ RC r ; C r ϭ lb of combustible per lb of refuse; ... velocity of 4400 ft /min (22.4 m /s), an outlet velocity pressure of 1.210 inH 2 O (0.30 kPa), a speed of 1222 r/ min, and an input hp of 255.5 bhp (190.5 kW). The tabulation of these quantities is of ... lb of refuse; R ϭ lb of refuse per lb of fuel; H 2 ,N 2 ,C,O 2 ,S ϭ lb of each element per lb of fuel, as fired; CO 2 , CO, O 2 ,N 2 ϭ percentage parts of volumetric analysis of dry combustion gas...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... conditions of 1800 psia (12,402 kPa) and 1050 Њ F (565.6 Њ C). At exit from the cylinder the steam has a pressure of 500 psia (3445 kPa) and a temperature of 740 Њ F (393.3 Њ C). A portion of this ... Terms of Use as given at the website. Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS 5.4 POWER GENERATION m) are used. Use the Standards of the Bleeder Heater Manufacturers Association, Inc., ... more heaters. Plot the percent improvement vs. number of stages of extraction, Fig. 6, to observe the effect of additional heaters. A plot of this type shows the decreasing gains made by addi- tional...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ... introduced every year. *Elliott, Standard Handbook of Power Plant Engineering, McGraw-Hill, 1989. Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright ... quantity of dust entering the engine Each 1000 ft 3 (28.3 m 3 ) of air entering the engine contains 1.6 gr (103.7 mg) of dust. Thus, during every minute of engine operation, the quantity of dust...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... this handbook. Once the required flow rate is determined, apply a suitable factor of safety. The value of this factor of safety can vary from a low of 5 percent of the required flow to a high of ... reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS 7.38 PLANT AND FACILITIES ENGINEERING FIGURE 23 Negative lift (gravity ... rise In any centrifugal pump, the rate of temperature rise t r Њ F/min ϭ 42.4(bhp input at shutoff)/wc, where w ϭ weight of liquid in the pump, lb; c ϭ specific heat of the liquid in the pump, Btu /...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... velocity of a flowing fluid is changed by opening or closing a valve, pressure surges result. The amplitude of the pressure surge is a function of the rate of change in the velocity of the mass of fluid. ... factor of 2 for traps installed between a boiler and the end of a steam main; traps at the end of a long steam main or ahead of pressure-regulating or shutoff valves usually have a safety factor of ... and King—Piping Handbook for derivation of the flow equations. Use the tables in Crocker and King to simplify finding the fifth power of the inside diameter of a pipe. The method of the next calculation...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... (339.6 m 3 /min) of air at a pressure of 14 lb/in 2 (abs) (96.46 kPa) and a temperature of 60 Њ F (15.6 Њ C). Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright ... (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright © 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies. All rights reserved. Any use is subject to the Terms of Use as given at the website. Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ... cool- ing effectiveness of both types of towers are about equal. Data given on cooling towers elsewhere in this handbook can be helpful to the designer in choosing the best type of tower to use for...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... heat H m Btu required to melt a solid is H m ϭ (weight of solid melted, lb)(heat of fusion of the solid, Btu /lb). Since the heat of fusion of lead is 10 Btu/ lb (23.2 kJ/kg), H m ϭ (600)(10) ϭ 6000 ... website. Source: HANDBOOK OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS 11.2 TABLE 1 Heat-Exchanger Selection Guide* Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright ... No What number of tubeside passes are available? Number limited by number of tubes Number limited by number of U- tubes Number limited by number of tubes One or two Number limited by number of tubes. Odd...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... Terms of Use as given at the website. REFRIGERATION 12.28 PLANT AND FACILITIES ENGINEERING This procedure is the work of Norman R. Sparks, Professor and Head, Depart- ment of Mechanical Engineering, ... the heat-transfer characteristics of the dehumidifier used. This procedure, and Figs. 9 through 12, are the work of Norman R. Sparks, Professor and Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State ... Professor of Mechanical Engi- neering, The Pennsylvania State University. SI values were added by the handbook editor. Downloaded from Digital Engineering Library @ McGraw-Hill (www.digitalengineeringlibrary.com) Copyright...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15

... concentration of oxygen at the head 26 Chapter One Head Coated alloy Tail X Front of head Back of head Direction of propagation Figure 1.10 Illustration of the filament nature of filiform corrosion. 0765162_Ch01_Roberge ... of corrosion that occurs under a variety of coatings. Steel, aluminum, and other alloys can be particu- larly affected by this form of corrosion, which has been of particular concern in the food ... cell is the acidification of the electrolyte with low oxygen concentration. This leads to the for- mation of an anodic metal dissolution site at the front of the head of the corrosion filament...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 23:17

... the results of collective efforts of many authors, the Handbook of Corrosion Engineering is the result of an extensive survey of state -of- the-art information on corrosion engineering by a principal ... production of the Handbook of Corrosion Engineering are drastically different than other handbooks dealing with the same subject. While other corrosion handbooks have been generally the results of collective ... cover, this Handbook is indeed the result of cumulative efforts of many generations of scien- tists and engineers in understanding and preventing the effects of cor- rosion, one of the most constant...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 23:17

... percent of the average annual demand but may range up to 200 percent of the average annual demand. Maximum daily demands of 150 percent of the average annual demand and max- imum hourly demands of ... CONTROL F:M ϭ S / ␪ X Oa where F:M is the food to microorganism ratio in d Ϫ 1 . F:M is simply a ratio of the ‘ food ’ or BOD 5 of the incoming waste, to the concentration of ‘‘microorganisms’’ in the aeration ... effluent wastewater is to have a BOD 5 of 20 mg/L. Both filters are to have a depth of 7 feet (2.1 m) and a recirculation ratio of 2. Filter media will consist of rock. Size both stages of the trickling filter...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

... (304.8-m) lengths of various sizes of pipe and for different values of the Hazen-Williams coefficient C. When the percentage of total flow is used for computing ͚ h in Fig. 11, the loss of head due to ... imperviousness of 50 percent if the time of concentration is 15 min? What would be the effect of planting a lawn over 75 percent of the site? Calculation Procedure: 1. Compute the hourly rate of rainfall Two ... sewer, acres; I ϭ coefficient of runoff or percentage of imperviousness of the area; other symbols as before. So Q ϭ (40)(0.50)(8) ϭ 160 ft 3 /s (4.5 m 3 /s). 3. Compute the effect of changed imperviousness Planting...

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:18

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:19

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:19

Ngày tải lên: 25/12/2013, 23:19