... beginning of a new millennium, in addition to the publication of ASHRAE Standard
90.1-1999 and ASHRAE Standard 62-1999, often called the Energy standard and Indoor Air Qual-
ity standard, the ... Principles of Refrigeration Engineering and Air Conditioning as the
teaching and learning package, and presented several papers at ASHRAE meetings. The First Edi-
tion of the Handbookof Air Conditioning ... load and part load. It provides a technical background for the proper selection and op-
eration of optimum systems, subsystems, and equipment. This handbook is a logical combination of
practice and...
... variation of mass and pressure of dry air and water
vapor, at an atmospheric pressure of 14.697 psia (101,325 Pa) and a temperature of 75°F (23.9°C).
The principle of conservation of mass for ... the formula-
tions developed by Hyland and Wexler of the U.S. National Bureau of Standards. The psychromet-
ric chart and tables of ASHRAE are constructed and calculated from these formulations.
Calculations ... are the simplest and can be easily formulated. Ac-
cording to the analysis of Nelson and Pate, at a temperature between 0 and 100°F (Ϫ17.8 and 37.8°C),
calculations of enthalpy and specific volume...
... Kalman [1] for the
1
Kalman Filtering andNeural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin
ISBN 0-471-36998-5 # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kalman Filtering andNeural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin
Copyright ... entry of F
kỵ1;k
is equal to the partial derivative of the ith
component of Fðk; xị with respect to the jth component of x. Likewise, the ijth
entry of H
k
is equal to the partial derivative of ... KALMAN FILTER
5
Given the linearized state-space model of Eqs. (1.58) and (1.59), we
may then proceed and apply the Kalman filter theoryof Section 1.3 to
derive the extended Kalman filter. Table...
... region of operation. On the other hand, the off-line
training of static networks can circumvent difficulties associated with the
recency effect by employing a scrambling of the sequence of data
presentation ... overview of applications of EKF methods to a series of
problems in control, diagnosis, and modeling of automotive powertrain
systems. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of the virtues and
limitations ... 133–
140.
[3] G.V. Puskorius and L. A. Feldkamp, ‘‘ Decoupled extended Kalman filter
training of feedforward layered networks, ’’ in Proceedings of International
Joint Conference ofNeural Networks, Seattle,...
... 1,1–47 (1991).
[2] J.S. Lund, Q. Wu and J.B. Levitt, ‘‘ Visual cortex cell types and connections’’,
in M.A. Arbib, Ed., HandbookofBrainTheoryandNeural Networks,
Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, ... anatomical features
of the mammalian neocortex, the extensive use of feedback connections,
and the hierarchical multiscale structure. We discuss briefly the evidence
for, and benefits of, each of these in ... learn the order of
presentation of the sequences. The network was therefore expected to
learn the motions associated with each of the three shapes, and not the
order of presentation of the shapes.
During...
... The addition of noise has the
effect of increasing the number of active degrees of freedom, and thus the
number of Lyapunov exponents increases in a corresponding way. The
invariants of the reconstructed ... for this
and other types ofnetworks used. The different types of reconstruction
Figure 4.28 Iterative prediction of sea clutter from different starting points,
corresponding to indices of N
0
ẳ ... dimension
of d
E
ẳ 3 and a delay of t ẳ 4 were calculated. An RMLP network
conguration of 3-8R-7R-1, consisting of 216 weights including the
biases, was trained with the EKF algorithm, and the...
... 5:63ị
where
^
xx
kjN
and p
kjN
are dened as the conditional mean and variance of x
k
given
^
ww and all the data, fy
k
g
N
1
. The terms
^
xx
kjN
and p
kjN
are the conditional
mean and variance of x
k
ẳ ... Atlas, ‘‘Recurrent neuralnetworks and
robust time series prediction,’’ IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 5(2),
240–254 (1994).
[15] S.C. Stubberud and M. Owen, ‘‘Artificial neural network feedback ... E.A. Wan and A.T. Nelson, ‘ Neural dual extended Kalman filtering:
Applications in speech enhancement and monaural blind signal separation,’’
in Proceedings of IEEE Workshop on Neural Networks...
... (1988).
[6] S. Roweis and Z. Ghahramani, ‘‘A unifying review of linear Gaussian
models,’’ Neural Computation, 11, 305–345 (1999).
[7] L. Ljung and T. Soăderstroă m, Theoryand Practice of Recursive Identication.
Cambridge, ... to
sequential learning with neural networks, ’’ Neural Computation, 5, 954–975
(1993).
[17] I.T. Nabney, A. McLachlan, and D. Lowe, ‘‘ Practical methods of tracking of
nonstationary time series ... nonlinearities f and g, and the noise covariances Q and R (as well as
the mean and covariance of the initial state, x
1
).
Two complications can arise in the M-step. First, fully re-estimating f
and g in...
... parameters. The use of the EKF
for training neuralnetworks has been developed by Singhal and Wu [8]
and Puskorious and Feldkamp [9], and is covered in Chapter 2 of this
book. The use of the UKF in ... time-series
estimation with neural networks.
Double Inverted Pendulum A double inverted pendulum (see Fig.
7.4) has states corresponding to cart position and velocity, and top and
bottom pendulum angle and angular ... identification, training of neural
networks, and dual estimation problems. Additional material includes the
development of an unscented Kalman smoother (UKS), specification of
efficient recursive...
... The addition of noise has the
effect of increasing the number of active degrees of freedom, and thus the
number of Lyapunov exponents increases in a corresponding way. The
invariants of the reconstructed ... dimension
of d
E
ẳ 3 and a delay of t ẳ 4 were calculated. An RMLP network
conguration of 3-8R-7R-1, consisting of 216 weights including the
biases, was trained with the EKF algorithm, and the ... deviation in
83
Kalman Filtering andNeural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin
ISBN 0-471-36998-5 # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kalman Filtering andNeural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin
Copyright...
... Atlas, ‘‘Recurrent neuralnetworks and
robust time series prediction,’’ IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, 5(2),
240–254 (1994).
[15] S.C. Stubberud and M. Owen, ‘‘Artificial neural network feedback ... Kalman filter trained recurrent networks, ’’ IEEE Transactions
on Neural Networks, 5 (1994).
[32] E.S. Plumer, ‘‘Training neuralnetworks using sequential-update forms of the
extended Kalman filter,’’ ... Control, 24,
36–50 (1979).
[4] M. Niedz
´
wiecki and K. Cisowski, ‘‘Adaptive scheme of elimination of
broadband noise and impulsive disturbances from AR and ARMA signals,’’
IEEE Transactions on Signal...
... classical setting of state estimation for nonlinear dynamical systems
and also as a basis for on-line learning algorithms for feedforward neural
networks [15] and radial basis function networks [16, ... characterized by
175
Kalman Filtering andNeural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin
ISBN 0-471-36998-5 # 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kalman Filtering andNeural Networks, Edited by Simon Haykin
Copyright ... forms.) The parameters are the I coefficients h
i
of the RBFs;
the matrices A and B multiplying inputs x and u, respectively; and an
output bias vector b, and the noise covariance Q. Each RBF is assumed...