glutathionylspermidine is an intermediate formed in the biosynthesis of trypanothione

... cells is compet- ent in ATP synthesis, despite its unusual and unique membrane-embedded motor. This is the starting point for a detailed analysis of the stucture and function of the rotor of the ... specific ATPase activity of the complete enzyme was in the range 5–9.9 UÆmg )1 protein, depending on the batch. This is in the same range as the one deter- mined previously with the incomplete enzyme ... two hairpins [20]. Most important, the ion-binding site is not conserved in hairpin 1. If one assumes the same number of hairpins in V 0 and F 0 , the rotor of V 1 V 0 - ATPases has only half the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 09:20

... and C-terminal helices of the c ring, respectively. The C-terminal helices show a clear handedness, and two of the rings face in the opposite direction in the membrane to the other two, forming the same pattern as ... one of the negative charges on the ring and thus keeps the ring in place [34–36]. How- ever, the system is not stiff but instead the ring idles in front of the positive charge. This site is accessible ... rotor. The stator is formed by subunits a and b 2 , and the rotor is formed from multiple copies of subunit c. They form an oligomeric ring of non- covalently linked subunits, and rotation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... from the thiazolium ring of the cofactor to the surface of the protein. The entrance of the active site cleft is covered by the C-terminal helix and this part of the polypeptide chain must move in order ... structure of the corresponding intermediate in transketolase [37] and the model derived for ScPDC [38] (Fig. 6). In the immediate vicinity of the modelled a-carbanion/enamine, there are a number of invariant ... conformational changes during catalysis, and these structural features explain the lack of substrateactivationinZmPDC.InIPDC,theassemblyof the subunits in the tetramer resembles that of ZmPDC rather than ScPDC....

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 11:20

... lacA is also detected in the presence of these compounds, but in the presence of D -xylose and xylan as well. This can be explained by the structure of the polysaccharides. Xylan contains single ... consists of 99% D -galactose and 0.3% L -arabinose and is predominantly linear. Potato arabinogalactan consists of 86% D -galactose and 6.6% L -arabinose, while soy arabinogalactan consists of ... control of the xylanolytic activator protein [32,41]. The increase in expression levels of galA in the CREA mutant, indicates that at least one of the detected putative CREA binding sites in the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... pUZ8002 bearing the cosmid with oriT and the S. coelicolor DdesA mutant, single cross- over exconjugants were screened for kanamycin resistance. Kanamycin-resistant colonies were isolated and analysed ... for the treatment of iron overload during metabolic alterations in humans. Initial work on the biosynthesis of desferrioxamine B in S. pilosus indica- ted that the first step in the desferrioxamine ... RT-PCR analysis, and there is overlapping of the desB transla- tion termination triplet with the ATG of desC and also of desC and desD (so-called translational coupling); moreover, there are no intergenic...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... additional genes encoding other proteins implicated in the biosynthesis of the aminonucleoside moiety of A201A. Here we report the sequencing of a total of 6946 bp, which include the ata genes most ... unit to the ketosynthetase domain of the PKSs for polyketide biosynthesis [35]. Therefore, AtaPKS1 could be an acyltransferase, which should be implicated in the biosynthesis of the A201A polyketide ... Saccharopolyspora erythraea ,the erythromycin-producing organism, has permitted the isola- tion of Streptomyces antibioticus genes implicated in oleandomycin biosynthesis [40]. Gene analyses and enzymatic assays...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 01:21

... organization of the information - Infer and/or predict - Paraphrasing/Translating - Exemplifying, comparing and contrasting, and classifying - Intermediate Skimming, Surveying - Intermediate ... Summarize the text above within 70 words (Intermediate Skimming and Surveying) Q4: On the same chart, use two lines to present the supply and the demand in the two tables above. Is there any intersection ... primarily involved recalling and understanding the provided information (lower-level of cognitive domain, Bo-Linn [1]) and left a large gap on applying, analyzing, synthesizing, evaluating and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 11:20

... to promote the transfer of the p-HB moiety onto PKS15 ⁄ 1 [16,18]. To examine the involvement of FadD29 in the bio- synthesis of DIMs and PGLs, we took advantage of the existence in the laboratory of an ... addition, the possible redundancy of these proteins in the activation of the various intermediates in DIM and PGL biosynthesis has not been analyzed. This study was undertaken to dissect the roles of ... this progress in our knowledge of the bio- synthesis of DIMs and PGLs, the in vivo functions of these FadD proteins in this pathway remain to be established and ⁄ or completed. For instance, the involvement...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 11:20

... observed in the biosynthesis of colneleic acid (Table 1, Fig. 2). Stereospecificity of hydrogen eliminations from C14 in the biosynthesis of etheroleic acid isomers In the biosynthesis of etheroleic ... [20,21], thromboxane synthase [22] and prostacyclin synthase [22]. In the case of divi- nyl ether biosynthesis, the initial step is believed to consist of cleavage of the O-O bond of the hydroper- oxide ... step of divinyl ether fatty acid biosynthesis. (A) Divinyl ether synthases from potato, garlic or Ranunculus lingua introducing an ‘E’ vinyl ether double bond, (B) divinyl ether synthases from Ranunculus acris...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... therefore of interest with respect to under- standing the mode of assembly and pinpointing the mechanism by which metals guide the path of aggre- gation away from the fibrillar trail. The present investigation ... morphologically distin- guish aggregates formed in the presence of Cu 2+ from those formed in the presence of Zn 2+ . Taken together, these results suggest that Ab aggre- gates formed in the presence of Cu 2+ or ... assembled, the N-terminal metal- binding region of the peptide will be in close proximity to both the C-terminal and turn residues, possibly interfering with these regions. This explains how an altered...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

... patients. To investigate the function of the glycosyltransferase enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of lipooligosaccha- ride of M. catarrhalis and to gain some insight into the mechanism of sero- type ... irradiating each of the anomeric signals in turn to obtain the 1 H chemicals shifts of the corresponding remaining ring protons. Again, assignment of the Kdo residue was possible from examination of ... being retained at the terminal position of the (1 fi 4) chain. Additionally, the MS sugar analysis clearly indicated the absence of the GlcNAc residue. Instead, in the absence of Lgt4 and Lgt5, a glucose...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... although weakly, on the geranylgeranyl group of GGGP and GGPP. These facts strongly suggest the involvement of the enzyme, A. fulgidus GGR, in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids. Results Recombinant expression ... biosynthesis of isoprenoid compounds, such as archeal membrane lipids and respiratory quinones. On the other hand, phytyl diphosphate produced by plant GGR is actually used in the biosynthesis of ... clearly indica- ting that menaquinone and ubiquinone are not prefer- able substrates for the enzyme [21]. These facts strongly suggest the involvement of the enzyme, GGR, in the biosynthesis of membrane...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 09:20

... kDa) and the transposon is inserted into Table 2. Identity between the accessory proteins of T. roseopersicina and the corresponding proteins from other organisms. Organism T. roseopersicina HupK ... roseopersicina and to understand their physio- logical roles. The determination of the specificity of the accessory proteins is a challenging exercise in this micro- organism because of the presumed ... the processing of the HupL subunit [15]. It is plausible to assume that HynD is involved in the maturation of the HynL protein. Indeed, in the strain harboring the Tn5 transposon-inactivated...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... and applications. In Proceedings of the 40th Anniver- sary Meeting of the ACL. R. Dale and P. Mazur. 2006. Local semantics in the interpretation of temporal expressions. In Proceed- ings of the ... is then to compute as much of the semantic content of a tem- poral expression as can be determined on the basis of the expression itself, producing an intermediate partial representation of the ... as violating the strong separation; rather, we distinguish the two steps of the process in terms of the extent to which they make use of contextual in- formation in computing values. Then, recognition is...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 01:20

... variant and that the lower fitness of the recombinant virus can not be increased by pre-passaging in cell culture. The observed survival time of the recTULV in the presence of the Monitoring of ... recombinant would have fair chances to survive. The existence of wt recombinant strains of TULV [10] supports this way of reasoning. Evidence for the recombination in the hantavirus evolution continues ... in a hypothetical in vivo situation, from one rodent to another. If transmission is performed in a sampling- like fashion – and this seems to be the case for hantavi- ruses [13] – the recombinant...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

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Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 14:20