... al 20 11; Cavka and Jönsson 20 13) ion exchange resins (Saeed, Fatehi et al 20 12) , adsorption (Liu, Fatehi et al 20 12) , solvent extraction (Carter, Squillace et al 20 11; Liu, Fatehi et al 20 12) , ... Shojaosadati et al 20 12; Wirawan, Cheng et al 20 12; Chandra, Abha et al 20 13), Saccharomyces cerevisae (Zaldivar, Roca et al 20 05; Sindhu, Kuttiraja et al 20 11; Fujii, Matsushika et al 20 13) and Pichia ... LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION 123 7.1 Introduction 123 7 .2 Results & Discussion 124 7 .2. 1 Composition of Jatropha curcas fruit hulls 124 7 .2. 2 Simultaneous saccharification...
... technology 15 2.2 Activated Sludge Process .20 2. 2.1 Process description 20 2.2 .2 Process microbiology 21 2. 2.3 Oxygen requirements and transfer .23 2. 2.4 Effluent ... quality 24 2. 2.5 Nitrogen and phosphorus removal 24 2. 3 Symbiotic Microalgal-Bacterial Process for Wastewater Treatment 25 2. 3.1 Applications 26 2. 3 .2 Limitations of ... microalgal biomass production, enhanced mass transfer and promoted CO2 fixation (Carvalho and Malcata 20 01; Cheng et al 20 06; Fan et al 20 08; Kalontarov et al 20 14; Kumar et al 20 10b) The dissolved oxygen...
... membranes Concentration of proteins through FO process Reference [17] [18] [19] [10] [20 ] [13] [21 ] [22 ] [23 ] [24 , 25 ] [26 ] [27 ] [28 ] [29 ] 1.3 .2 NF membranes for sustainable pharmaceutical manufacture ... membranes 18 2. 2.3 Characterizations 20 2. 2.4 Nanofiltration experiments with Torlon® PAI NF hollow fiber membranes 22 2. 3 Results and discussion 24 2. 3.1 Effects ... research group for their kind assistance Special thanks are due to Dr Wang Kaiyu, Dr Teoh Maymay, Dr Yang Qian, Dr Natalia Widjojo and Dr Wang Yan for their assistance and generous suggestions Last...
... mechanism………….……………………………16 1 .2. 2 Terminology in gas transport………………………………………………19 1 .2. 3 History of membranes for gas separation………………………………… .22 1 .2. 4 Application of gas separation membranes…………………………… 24 1.3 Formation ... precipitation………………………………………………………47 2. 1.5 Immersion precipitation……………………………………………………48 2.2 Thermodynamics and kinetics of phase inversion………………………………… 48 2. 2.1 Nucleation and growth…………………………………………………… 50 2.2 .2 Spinodal ... Membrane Materials: Research and Technology for Energy Development of Hydrogen, Natural Gas and Syngas" with grant number of R -27 9-000 -26 1 -28 1, A-Star for funding this project with the grant numbers...
... membranes 2. 4 Adsorptive membrane 2. 5 Chitin and chitosan 2. 6 Characteristics and properties of chitosan 2. 7 The applications of chitosan 2. 8 The form of chitosan in water treatment 13 14 16 27 ... 1.1 Overview 1 .2 Objectives and scopes of this study CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 12 2.1 Introduction of membrane and membrane process 2.2 Mass transfer and selectivity of membranes 2. 3 Classification ... chemicals 4 .2. 2 Preparation of mechanically strong pure chitosan hollow fiber membranes and beads 4 .2. 3 Immobilization of Candida rugosa lipase onto chitosan hollow fiber membranes and CS beads 4 .2. 4...
... membranes can be used in separation of cations, anions, gases and organic molecules Heavy metal ions such as copper (Cu2+), mercury (Hg2+), nickel (Ni2+), cadmium (Cd2+), and lead (Pb2+) can be ... Typical anions that can be separated include nitrate (NO3-), chromate (Cr2O 72- ), and uranyl (UO2(SO4 )22 -) etc For organic molecules separations, an example is the recovery of aromatic and alphatic ... membranes 0.5 -26 .5-OH and 1 -26 -OH 71 Table 3.5 Internal surface areas and CS contents on the Pure CA hollow fiber membranes and CS/CA blend hollow fiber membranes 0.5 -26 .5-OH and 1 -26 -OH...
... dual-layer hollow fiber PRO membranes 18 2. 5.4 APS post treatment 19 2. 6 Membrane characterizations 20 2. 6 Morphology, mechanical strength and surface analysis 20 2. 6 .2 Pure water permeability (PWP), ... permeability, pore size, and pore size distribution 21 2. 7 FO tests 23 2. 8 PRO performance tests 24 CHAPTER 3: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.1 FO membrane experiment result and discussion 26 26 3.1.1 Fabrication ... (A) an outer layer dope of PBI/DMAC/LiCl (24 :74.63:1.37) and an inner layer dope of PAN/NMP (25 /75) and (B) an outer layer dope of PBI/DMAC/LiCl (24 :74.63:1.37) and an inner layer dope of PAN/PVP360/NMP...
... maintain a better and stable performance 2.2 .2 Interactions between permeant and permeant Not only the interaction between permeant and membranes affects pervaporation performance, the interaction ... Figure 2.2 The overall permeation resistance can thus be determined by the following equation (2. 20) Rt = R1 + R2 R3 /( R2 + R3 ) where R1 represents the resistance of the skin layer, R2 and R3 ... substrate Rsub = resistance of the substrate [=R2R3/(R2+R3)] Figure 2.2 Resistance model of mass transport through an asymmetric membrane [11, 125 ] 49 The integrity of composite membranes is also of...
... to DNA quantitation was repeated at other time points: 4, 8, 24 , 28 , 32, and 55 hours later. 2. 2 Production of High Titer PCV2 Stock 2. 2.1 Infecting Cells and Harvesting Virus PCV2 Beijing ... Cell‐Based Screening Assay for Inhibitors of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Replication Page | 7 List of Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of Variance ATCC American Type Culture Collection BBTV Banana Bunchy Top VIrus BFDV Beak and Feather Disease Virus ... of PCV1, while ORF 2 has shown 67% nucleotide identity and 65% predicted protein homology between the two genotypes (Allan and Ellis, 20 00). ORF 3 differs significantly between PCV 1 and PCV 2 due to an internal stop codon in PCV2 ...