fuel cells microturbines and solar power

... performed and discussed in detail The study quantifies and analyses the impact of operating, design, and material parameters on fuel cell performance and get an optimal design for PEM fuel cells ... to the development and optimization of fuel cells, improve long-term performance and lifetime, the introduction of cheaper materials and fabrication techniques, and the design and development of ... and its simulated performance in PEM fuel cells J Power Sources, 2008; 175(2): 817-825 [11] Bograchev D., Gueguen M., Grandidier J-C., Martemianov S Stress and plastic deformation of MEA in fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... Cells 9.1 Redox Flow Cells, 159 9.2 Biological Fuel Cells, 162 9.3 Semi -Fuel Cells, 167 9.4 Direct Carbon Fuel Cells, 169 References, 174 159 viii 10 CONTENTS Fuel Cells and Electrolysis Processes ... 64 References, 67 Direct Liquid Fuel Cells 71 Part A: Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, 71 4.1 Methanol as a Fuel for Fuel Cells, 71 4.2 Current-Producing Reactions and Thermodynamic Parameters, 72 ... Small Fuel Cells for Portable Devices 291 17.1 Special Operating Features of Mini -Fuel Cells, 292 17.2 Flat Mini -Fuel Batteries, 293 17.3 Silicon-Based Mini -Fuel Cells, 296 17.4 PCB-Based Mini-Fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:20

... Cells 9.1 Redox Flow Cells, 159 9.2 Biological Fuel Cells, 162 9.3 Semi -Fuel Cells, 167 9.4 Direct Carbon Fuel Cells, 169 References, 174 159 viii 10 CONTENTS Fuel Cells and Electrolysis Processes ... 64 References, 67 Direct Liquid Fuel Cells 71 Part A: Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, 71 4.1 Methanol as a Fuel for Fuel Cells, 71 4.2 Current-Producing Reactions and Thermodynamic Parameters, 72 ... Small Fuel Cells for Portable Devices 291 17.1 Special Operating Features of Mini -Fuel Cells, 292 17.2 Flat Mini -Fuel Batteries, 293 17.3 Silicon-Based Mini -Fuel Cells, 296 17.4 PCB-Based Mini-Fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 21:20

... 1942 Wind and solar power systems / Mukund R Patel p cm Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-8493-1605-7 (alk paper) Wind power plants Solar power plants Photovoltaic power systems ... Delmarva Power and Light, and New York Power Authority are installing such systems to meet peak demands The Pacific Gas and Electric’s utilityscale 500 kW plant at Kerman is designed to deliver power ... stand-alone power systems Chapter 12 presents the design and operating methods of such power systems using wind and photovoltaic systems in hybrid with diesel generators The newly developed fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 30/06/2014, 14:44

... Fuel Cells – Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Overview: Introduction; Fuel Cells – Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel ... source of power for space vehicles Phosphoric acid and molten carbonate fuel cells Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) are primarily designed for higher power ... Overview; Fuel Cells – Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Cells; High Temperature PEMFCs; Stacks; Systems; Fuel Cells – Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Overview.Fuels – Hydrogen Storage: Compressed; Fuels –...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... proton exchange membrane fuel cells J Power Sources 2001, 94, 40-50 [14] Pasaogullari U., Wang C.-Y Liquid water transport in gas diffusion layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells J Electrochem Soc ... the cathode gas diffusion layer of PEM fuel cells J Power Sources 2006, 159, 928-942 [21] Weber A.Z., Newman J Modeling transport in polymer-electrolyte fuel cells Chem Rev 2004, 104, 4679-4726 ... strategy used by Ballard with the NEXA fuel cell [29] However, purges have to be done and optimized to regularly remove water and inert gases Conclusions and perspectives A dynamic pseudo 2D model...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... (DMAc) firstly, and then styrene, divinylbenzene (DVB) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were added to the solution and stirred with water bath at 343 K The dosage of PVDF, styrene, DVB and BPO was that ... J Power Sources, 2006, 161(2):1069-1075 [25] Nasef M M, Zubir N A, Ismail A F, et al Preparation of radiochemically pore-filled polymer electrolyte membranes for direct methanol fuel cells J Power ... PVDF-g-PSSA and Al2O3 composite proton exchange membranes J Power Sources, 2006, 161(1): 54-60 [30] Bae B, Ha H Y, Kim D Nafion®-graft-polystyrene sulfonic acid membranes for direct methanol fuel cells...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... deployment strategy for hydrogen and fuel cells – Implementing the transition to hydrogen and fuel cells – Funding the transition A European roadmap for hydrogen and fuel cells 16 17 17 18 19 19 20 ... ANNEX Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and related challenges 25 ANNEX I High Level Group on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technologies 32 ANNEX II High Level Group on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technologies: ... for civilian fuel cells During the transition phase power, emergency back-up power, and auxiliary power units, and even afterwards, conventional technologies will be essen- fuel cells may offer...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... performance of stand‐ alone conventional and inverted organic solar cells, and a further discussion about optimiz‐ ing organic tandem solar cells by considering the current matching of the sub -cells At ... efficiency of tandem solar cells with a bulk Si bottom cell increases to 42.5 % when one addi‐ tional solar cell with 1.8 eV band gap is used and to 47.5 % with two further solar cells with band gaps ... nanostructured tandem solar cells Multiple- Junction solar cell One of the promising methods to enhance the efficiency of solar cells is to use a stack of so‐ lar cells, in which each cell has a band gap...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 12:20

... transport mechanisms and processes in these proton conductors are given by Kreuer, Paddison, Spohr, and Schuster and by Weber and Newman In PEM fuel cells, catalyst activity and catalyst efficiency ... phosphoric acid fuel cells1 23-125 and low temperature PEM fuel cells. 126 Mukerjee et al.34,127,128 have shown that XAS studies are uniquely suited to quantifying both the structural and electronic ... direct methanol-air fuel cells, 1992 (87) Maniguet, S EXAFS studies of carbon supported fuel cells electrocatalysts Ph.D Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002 (88) Pandya, K I.; Anderson, E B.;...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2014, 11:22

... extraction of the bandgap energy and thus of the doping density and the stress from PL measurements difficult μPLS has the advantages to be able to measure both nand p-type doping and exhibits less ... textured multicrystalline and 24.4% monocrystalline silicon solar cells Appl Phys Lett 1998, 73:1991-1993 Schultz O, Glunz SW, Willeke GP: Multicrystalline silicon solar cells exceeding 20% efficiency ... by μRS and μPLS, (2) of the doping density by μRS and μPLS, and (3) of stress with both methods μRS has the advantage of a higher spatial resolution (about 0.5 μm compared to 0.8 μm) and is not...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... 2) Fuel Cells General Considerations The increasing energy and power demands of today’s and future land warriors are causing several problems, which at least in part may be resolved by using fuel ... densities and reduce the total cell weight In the absence of electric grid power or generators, the secondary batteries can be rechazrged through solar power, hand-crank generators, or fuel cells ... importance than the portable power solution Fuels for Military Fuel Cells An open question with regard to the use of fuel cells for military applications is the choice of fuel Principally, all North...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... Cells: Cells and Stacks; Fuel Cells – Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Direct Methanol: Overview; Fuel Cells – Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Overview: Introduction; Fuel Cells – Phosphoric ... Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Cells; Fuel Cells – Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Overview; Overview Further Reading Alcaide F, Cabot PL, and Brillas ... Cabot PL, and Brillas E (2006) Fuel cells for chemical and energy cogeneration Journal of Power Sources 153: 47 60 Brillas E, Alcaide F, and Cabot PL (2002) A small-scale flow alkaline fuel cell...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... Batteries and Fuel Cells | Efficiency Further Reading Ahluwalia RK, Wang X, and Rousseau A (2005) Fuel economy of hybrid fuel cell vehicles Journal of Power Sources 152: 233 244 Ashtiani C, Wroght R, and ... batteries and supercapacitors, fuel cells always require auxiliary components such as pumps, compressors, and heating and cooling devices In addition, the fuel utilization rate for most fuel cell ... Batteries and Fuel Cells | Efficiency Electrical Efficiency The coulombic and voltage efficiencies and thus the electrical efficiency depend on the internal resistance of the battery, and other system...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 22:20

... Advantages of Fuel Cells Fuel cells are promising alternative energy devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly into electricity without combustion There are several types of fuel cells, ... relatively high power while occupying a minimal amount of volume These characteristics of fast startup time and high power density make PEM fuel cells the best candidate for use in portable power applications, ... source of fuel for the cells and the corresponding infrastructure must be developed Since fuel cells are merely energy conversion devices, they are only as clean and efficient as the upstream fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 13:12

... systems, such as solar cells, wind energy, hydropower, PEMFCs, are available, we still turn to fossil fuels and nuclear to supply the world energy requirements primarily because of economic and s technological-related ... operation, and recharging is time consuming A DLFC can produce electricity as long as the fuel and oxidant are supplied to it, and there is no need for recharging This would mean a device powered ... membrane fuel cell 1.2 Schematic of a Direct Liquid Fuel Cell with geometrical dimensions of the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA) 2.1 Typical polarization and power curves...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:26

... (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) Clauwaert et al first reported an MFC study with both bioanode and biocathode for simultaneous organic removal, power production and total denitrification,10 and optimized ... of s polyester membranes, reducing fuel cross diffusion and thus maintaining voltage at a high level Polarization and power curves are shown in Figure with power output parameters summarized ... the standard potential under standard conditions (chemical activity = for all reactants and products, 298 K), R (dimensionless) is ideal gas constant, T (K) is the reaction temperature, and Π...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:29

... Microbial Fuel Cells ……………………………………………………………….2 1.4 Microbial Fuel Cells for wastewater treatment and energy recovery ……………… Chapter : Literature Review 2.1 Principle of a Microbial Fuel ... Assembly MFC Microbial fuel cell Contents Page x OCV Open circuit voltage P Power Pmax Maximum power delivered by the cell Psurf Maximum surfacic power ்ܲ௢௧௔௟ Total power delivered by the ... Microbial Fuel Cells ……………………………… 39 3.2.1 Comments on the anode model 39 3.2.2 A simpler approach 40 3.2.3 External resistance optimization 47 3.3 Microbial Fuel Cells...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:39

... hybrid solar and biomass energy complementary system for power generation [18], a hybrid solar and chemical looping combustion system for solar thermal energy storage [12] and a study of a hybrid solar- biomass ... biomass and solar energy and to explore the complementarity of biomass and solar energy on the energy efficiency Four complementary conditions are discussed, variable solar irradiation, variable power ... from the solar subsystem and biomass subsystem, respectively Qh (kW) is the hot water output, Qbiomass (kW) is the biomass energy input, and Qsolar (kW) is the solar energy input Qsolar and Qbiomass...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2016, 14:01