fuel cells and hydrogen

... deployment strategy for hydrogen and fuel cells – Implementing the transition to hydrogen and fuel cells – Funding the transition A European roadmap for hydrogen and fuel cells 16 17 17 18 19 19 ... TECHNICAL ANNEX Hydrogen and fuel cell technologies and related challenges 25 ANNEX I High Level Group on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technologies 32 ANNEX II High Level Group on Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technologies: ... shared with fuel cell vehicles will provide opportunities for hydrogen and fuel cells The successful introduction of fuel cells – and hydrogen – into trans- For transport, a widespread refuelling...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 12:20

... specific fuel cell, the results are based on given fuel cell features like geometry Therefore, the critical operating current presented here refers of course to the modeled fuel cell and is not ... of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 1, Issue 1, 2010, pp.1-20 the proton transport from the anode to the cathode, and which acts in addition to the usual convection and diffusion And fourth, ... stoichiometric ratio Hydrogen flow-through mode Figure presents the influence of the hydrogen and oxygen stoichiometric ratios on the critical current density in flow-through mode hydrogen supply...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... (DMAc) firstly, and then styrene, divinylbenzene (DVB) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were added to the solution and stirred with water bath at 343 K The dosage of PVDF, styrene, DVB and BPO was that ... polymerization and phase inversion, and all of the other reagents were analytical grade 2.2 Preparation of the PVDF-based composite membrane The PVDF powders were basified firstly, and the double ... immersed in deionized water for 48 h, and then the sulfonated copolymer washed with deionized water and dried for usage The sulfonated copolymer with weight of 15 g and 2.5 g polyvinyl pyrrolidine...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... Types of Fuel Cells 9.1 Redox Flow Cells, 159 9.2 Biological Fuel Cells, 162 9.3 Semi -Fuel Cells, 167 9.4 Direct Carbon Fuel Cells, 169 References, 174 159 viii 10 CONTENTS Fuel Cells and Electrolysis ... LAYOUT OF A REAL FUEL CELL 1.3 13 TYPES OF FUEL CELLS Different attributes can be used to distinguish fuel cells: Reactant type As a fuel (a reducing agent), fuel cells can use hydrogen, methanol, ... Small Fuel Cells for Portable Devices 291 17.1 Special Operating Features of Mini -Fuel Cells, 292 17.2 Flat Mini -Fuel Batteries, 293 17.3 Silicon-Based Mini -Fuel Cells, 296 17.4 PCB-Based Mini-Fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:20

... transport mechanisms and processes in these proton conductors are given by Kreuer, Paddison, Spohr, and Schuster and by Weber and Newman In PEM fuel cells, catalyst activity and catalyst efficiency ... hydrogen feed for PEM fuel cells or better long term performance for methanol oxidation for direct methanol fuel cells Cathode alloy catalysts should have enhanced oxygen reduction kinetics and/ or ... phosphoric acid fuel cells1 23-125 and low temperature PEM fuel cells. 126 Mukerjee et al.34,127,128 have shown that XAS studies are uniquely suited to quantifying both the structural and electronic...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2014, 11:22

... Types of Fuel Cells 9.1 Redox Flow Cells, 159 9.2 Biological Fuel Cells, 162 9.3 Semi -Fuel Cells, 167 9.4 Direct Carbon Fuel Cells, 169 References, 174 159 viii 10 CONTENTS Fuel Cells and Electrolysis ... LAYOUT OF A REAL FUEL CELL 1.3 13 TYPES OF FUEL CELLS Different attributes can be used to distinguish fuel cells: Reactant type As a fuel (a reducing agent), fuel cells can use hydrogen, methanol, ... Small Fuel Cells for Portable Devices 291 17.1 Special Operating Features of Mini -Fuel Cells, 292 17.2 Flat Mini -Fuel Batteries, 293 17.3 Silicon-Based Mini -Fuel Cells, 296 17.4 PCB-Based Mini-Fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 21:20

... 2) Fuel Cells General Considerations The increasing energy and power demands of today’s and future land warriors are causing several problems, which at least in part may be resolved by using fuel ... than the portable power solution Fuels for Military Fuel Cells An open question with regard to the use of fuel cells for military applications is the choice of fuel Principally, all North Atlantic ... Military: Batteries and Fuel Cells regularly lead to system failure as the fuel can no longer be pumped from the storage Here, gaseous fuels have an advantage Oxidant for Fuel Cells The need to provide...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... Cells: Cells and Stacks; Fuel Cells – Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Direct Methanol: Overview; Fuel Cells – Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Overview: Introduction; Fuel Cells – Phosphoric ... Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Cells; Fuel Cells – Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Overview; Overview Further Reading Alcaide F, Cabot PL, and Brillas ... oxide fuel cell vapor-grown carbon fiber yttria-stabilized zirconia See also: Electrochemical Theory: Kinetics; Thermodynamics; Electrodes: Porous Electrodes; Fuel Cells – Alkaline Fuel Cells: Cells...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... Energy: Hydrogen Economy; Fuel Cells – Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Overview: Introduction; Fuel Cells – Phosphoric Acid Fuel ... Acid Fuel Cells: Overview; Fuel Cells – Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Cells; High Temperature PEMFCs; Stacks; Systems; Fuel Cells – Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Overview.Fuels – Hydrogen Storage: ... Phosphoric acid and molten carbonate fuel cells Phosphoric acid fuel cells (PAFCs) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs) are primarily designed for higher power applications (>250 kW) and have low...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 02:20

... batteries and supercapacitors, fuel cells always require auxiliary components such as pumps, compressors, and heating and cooling devices In addition, the fuel utilization rate for most fuel cell ... Batteries and Fuel Cells | Efficiency Further Reading Ahluwalia RK, Wang X, and Rousseau A (2005) Fuel economy of hybrid fuel cell vehicles Journal of Power Sources 152: 233 244 Ashtiani C, Wroght R, and ... Batteries and Fuel Cells | Efficiency Electrical Efficiency The coulombic and voltage efficiencies and thus the electrical efficiency depend on the internal resistance of the battery, and other system...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 22:20

... source of fuel for the cells and the corresponding infrastructure must be developed Since fuel cells are merely energy conversion devices, they are only as clean and efficient as the upstream fuel ... MEMBRANE FUEL CELL CATHODES CHAPTER – INTRODUCTION 1.1 Advantages of Fuel Cells 1.2 How a PEM Fuel Cell Works 1.3 Shortcomings of Current PEM Fuel Cells ... EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELL CATHODES CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Advantages of Fuel Cells Fuel cells are promising alternative energy devices that convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly into...

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 13:12

... densities, facile liquid fuel storage, and compact and simpler system structures compared with using hydrogen, where several ancillary systems such as external humidication, a reformer, and coolant However, ... allowing me to use the equipments and vi materials in the lab vii My loved ones: My family and Rocky, you are my support, joy, and laughter, always believing and always proud of me, especially ... if Hydrogen gas as fuel; (d) oxidant supply; (e) heating rods; (f) anode supply for liquid fuel; (g) load terminals; (h) cathode outlet; (i) sense lead connectors; (j) micropump for liquid fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 08:26

... Lee Si Ni, Mr Lai Linke., Ms Zhang Lijuan, and also my past honors and UROPS students, Mr Leonard Bay and Mr Yap Chen Xi, who have injected much fun and enthusiasm in the research life I would ... pattern of Mn-CNT and standard Mn3O4 XRD pattern.69 Figure 27 CVs for ORR in 0.2 M NaCl solution between 0.2 and -1.0 V at the scan rate of 50 mVs-1 with different catalysts and conditions ... the standard potential under standard conditions (chemical activity = for all reactants and products, 298 K), R (dimensionless) is ideal gas constant, T (K) is the reaction temperature, and Π...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:29

... Microbial Fuel Cells ……………………………………………………………….2 1.4 Microbial Fuel Cells for wastewater treatment and energy recovery ……………… Chapter : Literature Review 2.1 Principle of a Microbial Fuel ... Microbial Fuel Cells for wastewater treatment and energy recovery Nevertheless, most of the research effort so far has been focused towards wastewater treatment and bioenergy recovery and this ... Microbial Fuel Cells ……………………………… 39 3.2.1 Comments on the anode model 39 3.2.2 A simpler approach 40 3.2.3 External resistance optimization 47 3.3 Microbial Fuel Cells...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:39

... blood examination and liver and renal functions, no manifestations of acute and chronic toxic reactions and graft versus host disease, no local swelling at injection sites, and no lower limb ... of acute and chronic toxic reactions and graft versus host disease were observed during and after MSC transplantation Meanwhile, the body temperature, routine blood parameters and liver and renal ... through the ear vein, within more than Necrotic and normal femoral heads, bone marrows, lungs and livers were harvested at 2, and w after transplantation and sectioned followed by observation under...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:18

... performed and discussed in detail The study quantifies and analyses the impact of operating, design, and material parameters on fuel cell performance and get an optimal design for PEM fuel cells ... to the development and optimization of fuel cells, improve long-term performance and lifetime, the introduction of cheaper materials and fabrication techniques, and the design and development of ... Journal of Energy and Environment (IJEE), Volume 2, Issue 6, 2011, pp.953-962 operating, design, and material parameters on fuel cell performance and get an optimal design for PEM fuel cells to generate...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... emissions are from two sources of energy (at fuel life cycle level), production and transportation of electricity, and production and transportation of hydrogen (and the same for the gasoline for the ... pathways such as gasoline, diesel, hydrogen, electricity, and biofuels [9].The same research team has a on-board laboratory to monitor driver behaviour, fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions from ... component sizing [5] and fuel economy calculation [6] The MIT’s Laboratory for Energy and the Environment is also concerned with comparing vehicle technologies in terms of fuel and vehicle life-cycle...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... engine performance The air -fuel ratio and the specific fuel consumption are measured and determined With the optimized manifold, both AFR and SFC are improved by % and 28 % respectively ISSN ... on engine behavior Air -fuel ratio and specific fuel consumption are determined Engines manifolds studied models The studied model is a Diesel engine converted into bi -fuel gasoline-LPG type IVECO ... 2010 [11] Fuchs T R and C J Rutland Intake Flow Effects on Combustion and Emissions in a Diesel Engine, SAE N° 980508, 1998 [12] Ugur Kesgin, Study on the design of inlet and exhaust system of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:30

... Electrodes and Electrolyte in the Fuel Cell A fuel cell works through the principle of separating the oxidation of a fuel, e.g hydrogen, and the reduction of oxygen The oxidation and reduction ... motor The spent fuel which still contains some hydrogen, is fed to a catalytic burner and the heat produced in this combustion process is used in the fuel processor The Fuel Processor and Auxiliary ... equations and fully couple them This makes Femlab extremely powerful in handling the nonlinearities that arise when we model reactors and when we treat the kinetics at the fuel cell electrodes The fuel...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 09:15