free fatty acid metabolism in visceral obesity

... upregulation of an alkane-inducible cytochrome P450 (AJ273607) The role of P450 in microbial fatty acid metabolism during the first hours of incubation [22] According to amino acid similarity, this ... and ⁄ or fatty acids Fatty acid degradation – omega oxidation Although cytochrome P450s not intervene in the degradation of fatty acids in the b-oxidation cycle itself, they take part in the steps ... protein with a fatty acid heme dioxygenase ⁄ peroxidase domain in its N-terminal region and a P450 heme–thiolate domain in its C-terminal region The enzyme first oxidizes linoleic acid to (8R)-hydroxyperoxyoctadecadienoic...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

... serine and glycine was reduced from 33% in the light to 25% in the dark (Fig 7A) Glutamine and asparagine were the major amino acids in the xylem sap in both the light (63% of the total amino acids) ... for individual amino acid contents are of the same order of magnitude as those of the total amino acid contents for glutamine (C), glutamic acid (D), asparagine (E), aspartic acid (F), alanine ... 3195 Amino acid metabolism and translocation M.-H Valadier et al Table Amino acid composition in leaves, and amino acid percentage ratio in the phloem exudates and leaves and xylem bleeding sap...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... various fatty acid components i.e myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16: 0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2) and linolenic acid (C18:3) ... protein (Oryza sativa) pectinesterase inhibitor (Medicago truncatula) metallothionein-like protein (Elaeis guineensis) ribosomal protein S26 (Pisum sativum) actin depolymerizing factor (Elaeis guineensis) ... high in unsaturated fatty acids (especially oleic fatty acid) With MAS, selection can be carried out in segregating generations of interspecific hybrids and their backcrosses more discriminately...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... complexes; for example, identifying the domains involved in binding or analyzing the 3D structure Comparison of domain-domain interactions and interfaces across an interactome can identify selective ... represents proteins as vertices and the interactions between them as edges, and there are various interactions between proteins involved in the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway Ranking proteins by the ... second protein (2) In this case, the first protein influences the second protein The second protein relies on the first protein functioning so that it obtains the metabolites The graph obtained from...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... than δ13C of CO2 in sea water Characteristics of fatty acid structure in Z japonica We found about 30 kinds of fatty acids in the leaves and stems and about 36 kinds of fatty acids in the roots and ... dominant fatty acids and Fig shows the dominant fatty acids in the leaves and stems of Z japonica in each sampling site The term “other” in the x-axis designates the sum of all the fatty acids ... cooperating institutions during sampling Table - Sampling conditions and cooperating institutions during sampling Site Z japonica Code Sampling Month-Year Water Water depth temp (m) (℃) n Cooperating...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 10:17

... of fatty acids exert remarkably different effects Exposure of a variety of cell types, including hepatocytes, to long-chain saturated fatty acids (SFAs) led to increased expression of proinflammatory ... cytokines, inhibition of insulin signaling, induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and promotion of cell death, mainly by apoptosis [6–12] On the other hand, unsaturated fatty acids ... proposed to be involved in SFA-induced lipotoxicity [8,13,16,23] As shown in Fig 4A, increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2a (eIF2a) was Saturated fatty acid- induced...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 22:20

... weak, binding of ACP to the docking site followed by a conformational change in ACP proposed to inject the acyl chain into the substrate-binding pocket [32] If a similar mechanism is involved in ... Histidines and lysine in KAS I ⁄ KAS II catalysis P von Wettstein-Knowles et al combinations of subunit pairs The two segments of the AC and BD dimer are involved in crystal packing at the AC interface, ... histidine, arginine and phenylalanine mutants are active, although less efficient than the wild-type Transfer of fatty acid from ACP to the wild-type and K328 mutant KAS I protein The initial step in the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 08:20

... encoding a fatty acid x-hydroxylase, a putative epoxide hydrolase, several genes encoding enzymes involved in the synthesis of fatty acids in plastids, including the stearoyl acyl carrier protein ... convert linoleic acid into 12,13-epoxyoctadeca-9-enoic acid (vernolic acid) CYP77A4 differs from this enzyme; indeed, it metabolizes free fatty acids, whereas CYP726A1 metabolizes fatty acids incorporated ... enantiomers CYP77A4, an epoxy fatty acid- forming enzyme Metabolism of a-linolenic acid by CYP77A4 The incubation of a-linolenic acid (C18:3) with microsomes from yeast expressing CYP77A4 led to the...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 03:20

... (square)] (D) Concentration of fatty acids in the pools of free fatty acids in the media (diamonds), of free fatty acids in the cells (square) and of esterified fatty acids (triangle) The error bars ... is independent of the observed changes in the pools of free fatty acids (Fig 1C,D) For the free fatty acids, the results clearly demonstrated that the decline of fatty acid concentration in the ... radioactive label showed up in the spot identified as fatty acid ethyl ester, demonstrating a potential to incorporate free fatty acids into fatty acid ethyl esters in absence of any acyl-CoA synthetase...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... according to the tissue from which they were initially isolated, e.g livertype fatty acid- binding protein (L-FABP), brain-type fatty acid- binding protein (B-FABP), intestinal-type fatty acid- binding ... lipid-binding protein, intestinal 15 kDa protein, ileal bile acid- binding protein and gastrotropin, reflecting the speculations of authors on its intracellular function(s) In vitro binding assays ... (2004) Fatty acid- binding proteins – insights from genetic manipulations Prog Lipid Res 43, 328–349 Storch J & Thumser AEA (2000) The fatty acid transport function of fatty acid- binding proteins...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... results showing that antibodies raised against a synthetic peptide matching a sequence that contains the serine included in the catalytic triad inhibit steroid synthesis in a recombinant cell -free assay ... inactive [49] In our experiments NDGA was effective in inhibiting the activity of purified recombinant MTE-I in an in vitro assay performed in a Hepes-based buffer containing only KCl Information ... performed in triplicate activity in vitro Figure shows that a 5-min preincubation of recombinant protein with NDGA inhibited thioesterase activity Interestingly, NDGA produced only a 20% inhibition...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... The remaining aqueous phase was then acidified with M HCl Free fatty acids were extracted in hexane, the solvent removed under a stream of N2, and the free fatty acids were transmethylated in M methanolic ... examine the role of the amino acid serine at position 282 in the FAE1 protein sequence to determine if this apparent mutation from serine to phenylalanine led to the LEA B napus phenotype We introduced ... cysteines present in other condensing enzymes To get more insight into how the coding region of the FAE1 condensing enzymes in Brassicas determines the proportions and amounts of VLCFAs in their...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... partial amino acid sequencing of an amphibian liver fatty acid binding protein Biochem Cell Biol 74, 109–115 ´ ´ ´ Cordoba OL, Sanchez EI & Santome JA (1999) The main fatty acid- binding protein in the ... Moerkerk HTB (1993) Fatty acidbinding protein and its relation to fatty acid oxidation Mol Cell Biochem 123, 101–106 15 Glatz JF & van der Vusse GJ (1996) Cellular fatty acidbinding proteins: their function ... liver-type fatty acid binding protein in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) Biochim Biophys Acta 1492, 227–232 ´ Di Pietro SM, Veerkamp JH & Santome JA (1999) Isolation, amino acid sequencing and binding...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... type of fatty acid predominating in the oil, but also contained a complex mixture of other fatty acids, as occurs in vivo As might be expected, the fatty acid composition of CRLPs containing TG ... LDL receptor family in its lipid -free state The receptorbinding region is in an amphipathic a-helix which is part of a four-helix bundle structure in the N-terminal domain, and interaction with ... protocol THP-1 monocytes were maintained in suspension in RPMI 1640 culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 UÆmL)1 penicillin, 100 mgÆmL)1 streptomycin and 50 lm 2-mercaptoethanol...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 12:20

... specific cytokines are involved in regulation of the CYP4F enzymes levels during in ammation The pro -in ammatory cytokines interleukin-1b, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a are able to induce ... regulatory element binding proteins (SREBP; reviewed in [81]) and that activation of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 isoform is involved in the induction CYP4F2 by statins [80] Parallel ... the anti -in ammatory cytokine interleukin-10 suppresses CYP4F expression [84] Peroxisomal fatty acid b-oxidation disorders including X-ALD and x-oxidation Despite the profound increase in our knowledge...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 16:21

... important for regulating in ammatory events in macrophages, including the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines [e.g tumour necrosis factor a (TNFa), interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, monocyte ... methods Fetal bovine serum (heat inactivated), penicillin, streptomycin and 2-mercaptoethanol were obtained from Gibco (Paisley, UK) RPMI 1640, Trypan blue, fatty acid -free albumin (BSA), phospholipids, ... medium (3 · mL) and incubations continued in fetal bovine serum -free culture medium for 24 h in the presence of ApoA-I ⁄ phosphatidylcholine (100 lgÆmL)1) At the times indicated in the text, aliquots...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 04:20

... defects in fatty acid oxidation (Eur J Biochem 271) 471 Table Transporter proteins and enzymes involved in the mitochondrial saturated fatty acid oxidation FATP, fatty acid transport protein; CAT, ... deletions/insertions, including stop-codon introductions These have been encountered in nine of the 12 fatty acid oxidation defects where sequence variations have been identified in the corresponding ... mis-sense sequence variations, in addition to in uencing protein biogenesis, also may affect the splicing efficiency by interfering with binding sites for splice modulating factors [19] Although the...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 12:20

... Sugiura, T & Kunos, G (2001) Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake Nature 410, 822–825 Harvey, J & Ashford, M.L (2003) Leptin in the CNS: much more than a satiety ... Massi, P., Rubino, T & Monti, E (2002) Endocannabinoids in the immune system and cancer Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 66, 319–332 24 Cravatt, B.F & Lichtman, A.H (2003) Fatty acid amide ... used to introduce mutations in the recombinant plasmids bearing the promoter region The nucleotide sequences of all constructs were verified by dideoxynucleotide chain termination sequencing with...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... subchondral bone is important in maintaining joint integrity and the development of OA, this study suggests that dietary modification of fatty acid intake may be one strategy in the prevention of knee ... no longitudinal studies examining the role of fatty acids on incident BMLs in either healthy or OA populations Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between intakes of ... explore the relationship between fatty acid intakes and incident BMLs after adjusting for potential confounders of age, gender, BMI, and energy intake Intake of fatty acids was standardised so that...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 14:20

... are routine in the perpetual maintenance of algal strains (data not shown) In summary, we conclude that only 1-2% of the strains may have been contaminated and that there is only a minor influence ... DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; DMOX: 4, 4-dimethyloxaline; EPA: Eicosapentaenoic acid; FA: fatty acid; FAME: fatty acid methyl ester; GC: gas chromatography; GLA: γ-Linolenic acid; MS: mass spectrometry; ... FA in the studied sample of SAG microalgal strains, missing only in the Haptophyta, Dinophyta and Euglenoids (Table 3) It was most frequently detected in two lineages of green algae, the prasinophytes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21