ethical considerations in research

... Unsurprisingly, uptake in these countries is high (as well as in Sweden and the US). In the UK it is much lower but rising (de Cock and 71HIV in pregnancy 4 HIV in pregnancy: ethical issues in screening ... contravene existing guide- lines – in particular, the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 1996) and the international ethical guidelines for biomedical research involv- ing human subjects ... 12: 21–6. UK Intercollegiate Working Party for Enhancing Voluntary ConWdential HIV Testing in Pregnancy (1998). Reducing Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Infection in the United Kingdom. London:...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... Harris. Neil McIntosh (Chapter 21), a consultant paediatrician in Scotland, oVers a practising clinician’s slant on disability, in the context of ethical issues in withdrawing life-sustaining treatment. ... according to the view in question, infants lack a right to life. However, this is at odds with our moral intuitions, according to which infants have moral interests that deserve protection, including ... donor insemination are outlined. Elina Hemminki (Chapter 12), a Finnish epidemiologist and health tech- nology assessment expert, approaches antenatal screening from an evidence- based medicine...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2012, 10:54

... portacaval shunting, thereby decreasing first pass metabolism; decrease in quantities and affinity of plasma proteins, thereby increasing free-drug levels; increase in volume of distribution in patients ... in valproate dose None Risk of liver injury in conjunction with lipid-lowering agents; risk of bleeding complications in conjunction with antiplatelet agents, warfarin, niacin Carbamazepine ... studied primarily in patients with seizure disorders. Carbamazepine-induced increase in total cholesterol is primarily due to an increase in HDL [34]. This occurs during the initial weeks of therapy,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:51

... repeated in parallel rows of incisions so that each incision in one row wa s adjacent to an intact dural bridge in the rows on either side. The same course was then performed, but in a direction ... 7(6):385-390 © Ivyspring International Publisher. All rights reserved Review Technical Considerations in Decompressive Craniectomy in the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury X. Huang, L. ... performed dural incisions in a stellate fashion. In this step, it is important that entrance points of major vessels are close to the midpoint between the angles of the dural opening. Th e most...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:40

... to Win) Integrative Negotiations (Achieve Mutual Gain) • Exaggerating demands • Pretend not to be in a hurry • Ask for more than you expect • Hiding the bottom line • Misrepresenting information • Bluffing • Influencing ... Ethics  Behaving in moral ways  Most societies have guidelines for behavior  What one society views as unethical may be  considered acceptable in another society  Ethics is evolving rather than a set of  standards that must never change  Develop code of ethics ... line • Misrepresenting information • Bluffing • Influencing an opponent’s professional network • Encouraging others to defect to your side Borderline Tactics Recommended Tactics  Rely on persuasion rather than  manipulation and coercion  Identify tactics to avoid (e.g. anything  dishonest, disrespectful, irresponsible,  manipulative)  Agree to common guidelines (e.g. treat  others with respect, avoid  misrepresentations) ...

Ngày tải lên: 29/10/2012, 15:28

... which 15 3Ethical issues in embryo interventions and cloning 9 Ethical issues in embryo interventions and cloning Franc¸oise ShenWeld Centre for Medical Ethics, UCL Medical School, London, UK Introduction Although ... pertinent. Indeed if dignity has to be deWned in any essential manner, as it must be if enshrined in international declarations, it is the unique quality of all human beings, also recognized in ... stimulating debate. 15 7Ethical issues in embryo interventions and cloning Conclusion Cloning is only one example, among the many discussed in this chapter, of ethical dilemmas in the new reproductive...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... be severe gastrointestinal abnormalities and renal agenesis making death inevitable from renal failure within a very few days. Consideration of withholding or withdrawing life-saving medical treat- ment ... developmental morbidity in children less than 26 weeks gestation at 2.5 years of age. Pediatric Research 45: 259A. 34 5Ethical issues in withdrawing life-sustaining treatment interest at the time ... 21.1. Ethical issues in withdrawing life-sustaining treatment from handicapped neonates – in the presence of uncertainty. light of the best scientiWc knowledge available. The future for the infant...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... the administration of infertility drugs, if ultrasound monitoring indicated maturation of multiple follicle cells (Manier, 1998: p. 1). At that point, clinicians might have declined to administer ... procedure would indicate that it involves terminating fetuses while preserving preg- nancy. Awkward but accurate deWnitions could therefore be any of the following: fetal termination with pregnancy ... (DiVerent feminist standpoints are supported by feminist standpoint theory, which I have described and defended in Mahowald, 1995a.) Within the context of that imperative, targeting some fetuses...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... consider in planning an FTTN architecture through existing underground ducts. For instance, planners should not focus on trying to squeeze more things into smaller spaces. Despite space considerations, ... building rings. For example, a 5 km serving area with four main routes would require about 20 km of fiber cable. A ring serving the same area would require more than 31 km of cable. A full ring ... Pair Achieving redundancy Achieving redundancy in a tree and branch network systems can be done by first giving consideration to cable size—for example, using two 144-count cables instead of a single...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 11:20

... some or the entire mold is finished. It could require experimenting with cycle times, even changing some steel dimensions, or the cooling provisions in all or in certain areas of the mold. Often, ... never unhappy to pay the premium, because they too gained by being in production sooner and/or gaining higher productivity. 6.2 Patents and Ethical Considerations While patents and ethics may not ... distorting the product. This can be difficult to foresee, in particular with non-symmetrical and odd-shaped products. In many cases, this requires experimentation before finalizing the mold or testing...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 16:20

... example, during this workshop, Magellan Health Systems presented information about its CME programs promoting evidence-based practices guidelines for diagnosing and treating PTSD. These training programs ... differences in the development of PTSD. Additionally, while research has been examining the role of sex hormones (estrogen in women and testosterone in men) in the development of PTSD, researchers ... counseling may have occurred in relation to the propranolol administration. The authors concluded that the timing of propranolol administration and psychological counseling resulting in memory...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 06:20

... NPY feeding systems are dysfunctional in anorectic tumor-bearing rats. NPY injected intrahypo- thalamically stimulated feeding less potently in rats bearing methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma than in ... al. Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake. Nature 2001;410:822-825. 125. Tanaka Y, Eda H, Fujimoto K, et al. Anticachectic activity of 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouri- dine in ... signal. 76,77 Convergent information suggests that CRF may be involved in triggering changes in gastrointestinal motility observed during stress exposure. CRF may induce delayed gastric emptying and gastric...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 04:20

... of research question, influences on the funding of some research projects (and not others), influences on the outcome of research (i.e., findings), and influences on the dissemination of research ... miners in terms of the “frame” of numbers of coal miners, the health of miners appears to be diminishing. That is, coal mine deaths, per thousand coal-mine employees in the US, have been increasing ... coal miners in terms of the “frame” of tons of coal mined, the health of miners appears to be improving. That is, coal-mine deaths, per ton of coal mined, have been decreasing since 1950 in the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

... what sense of best? Clinical best? Moral best? Tensions between medicine and nursing are increasingly coming to the fore in the field of health care research. In the past, says Blackburn in chapter 5, ... discovery in the GEOFFREY HUNT 11 Noddings’ work might be expected to have something important to say for nursing ethics. She distinguishes between natural caring and ethical caring and maintains that ... questions. But Noddings recognised that prior conditions must be met for ethical caring. Hanford speaks of nursing having to practise in a ‘chronically ethically diminished state’. Nursing administration...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... the research paper for the summarization task we are particularly interested in having them annotated consistently in our training material. The anno- tators were less good at determining ... add considerable value to the information contained in the training material. Study III tries to answer the question whether the considerable training effort used in Studies I and II can be ... experts in all of the sub- domains of the papers they annotated. The anno- tators went through a substantial amount of train- ing, including the reading of coding instructions for the two versions...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20