ethical considerations in research ppt

... what sense of best? Clinical best? Moral best? Tensions between medicine and nursing are increasingly coming to the fore in the field of health care research. In the past, says Blackburn in chapter 5, ... discovery in the GEOFFREY HUNT 11 Noddings’ work might be expected to have something important to say for nursing ethics. She distinguishes between natural caring and ethical caring and maintains that ... questions. But Noddings recognised that prior conditions must be met for ethical caring. Hanford speaks of nursing having to practise in a ‘chronically ethically diminished state’. Nursing administration...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 14:20

... Unsurprisingly, uptake in these countries is high (as well as in Sweden and the US). In the UK it is much lower but rising (de Cock and 71HIV in pregnancy 4 HIV in pregnancy: ethical issues in screening ... contravene existing guide- lines – in particular, the Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 1996) and the international ethical guidelines for biomedical research involv- ing human subjects ... 12: 21–6. UK Intercollegiate Working Party for Enhancing Voluntary ConWdential HIV Testing in Pregnancy (1998). Reducing Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Infection in the United Kingdom. London:...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2013, 08:20

... consider in planning an FTTN architecture through existing underground ducts. For instance, planners should not focus on trying to squeeze more things into smaller spaces. Despite space considerations, ... building rings. For example, a 5 km serving area with four main routes would require about 20 km of fiber cable. A ring serving the same area would require more than 31 km of cable. A full ring ... Pair Achieving redundancy Achieving redundancy in a tree and branch network systems can be done by first giving consideration to cable size—for example, using two 144-count cables instead of a single...

Ngày tải lên: 24/01/2014, 11:20

... some or the entire mold is finished. It could require experimenting with cycle times, even changing some steel dimensions, or the cooling provisions in all or in certain areas of the mold. Often, ... never unhappy to pay the premium, because they too gained by being in production sooner and/or gaining higher productivity. 6.2 Patents and Ethical Considerations While patents and ethics may not ... distorting the product. This can be difficult to foresee, in particular with non-symmetrical and odd-shaped products. In many cases, this requires experimentation before finalizing the mold or testing...

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 16:20

... reduction in the rate of tobacco habit was 33.5% in men and 45.5% in women of intervention zone 1; 32.6% in men and 50.4% in women of intervention zone 2; and 8.5% in men and 33.3% in women ... Tobacco Use in India: The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare constituted an Expert Committee on Economics of Tobacco in India, to examining the tax revenue and foreign exchange earnings, ... The age standardized cancer incidence in Indian registries as compared to incidence in certain developed countries is about half to one third in men and about half in women. Based on the data...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 04:20

... NPY feeding systems are dysfunctional in anorectic tumor-bearing rats. NPY injected intrahypo- thalamically stimulated feeding less potently in rats bearing methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma than in ... al. Leptin-regulated endocannabinoids are involved in maintaining food intake. Nature 2001;410:822-825. 125. Tanaka Y, Eda H, Fujimoto K, et al. Anticachectic activity of 5′-deoxy-5-fluorouri- dine in ... signal. 76,77 Convergent information suggests that CRF may be involved in triggering changes in gastrointestinal motility observed during stress exposure. CRF may induce delayed gastric emptying and gastric...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 04:20

... largely according to Figure 1.1. Although, from reading about research, it is easy to think about a single project beginning and ending at specific points of time, there is, in the research world, ... needed in the laboratory, in dealing with those who need convincing that the research is necessary, and in arranging details of the design which will ensure valid results whilst retaining cooperation ... when interpreting results and evaluating one's research. The articles covered in the survey cited by Valentine did not exactly set a shining example. Probably 85% used inadequate sampling...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 16:20

... of research question, influences on the funding of some research projects (and not others), influences on the outcome of research (i.e., findings), and influences on the dissemination of research ... miners in terms of the “frame” of numbers of coal miners, the health of miners appears to be diminishing. That is, coal mine deaths, per thousand coal-mine employees in the US, have been increasing ... coal miners in terms of the “frame” of tons of coal mined, the health of miners appears to be improving. That is, coal-mine deaths, per ton of coal mined, have been decreasing since 1950 in the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 22:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... informed policy-making.  Monitor IPv6 readiness, including by monitoring information on national peering points offering IPv6 connectivity, Internet Service Providers offering commercial IPv6 ... entities fully integrate the new dimension that IPv6 brings to security.  Take pro-active initiatives to include IPv6 training efforts in life-long education cycles. 3) Pursuing international ... Internet-wide routing system in any depth, although it recognises that addressing and routing on the Internet are interdependent and that there are significant economic considerations in devising solutions...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 21:20

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 03:20

... engines running E5 and M92 gasoline Table 10. Kinetics viscosity of lubricant in engines running E5 and M92 gasoline - After running the engines for up to 220 hours, gas leaking of two engines ... detergent in lubricant layer between cylinder and piston wall which increases wear of compression rings, resulting in increasing of gas leaking and decreasing of compression pressure; This wearing ... the working surface between cylinder and compression rings was sealed; - After that, level of gas leaking of both engines increased because the wear began to increase with testing time. Gas leaking in...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 12:20

... optimizing systems through minimum er- ror rate training (Och, 2003). Conference pa- pers routinely claim improvements in translation quality by reporting improved Bleu scores, while neglecting ... shown to hold in many cases (Doddington, 2002; Coughlin, 2003). However, there is a question as to whether min- imizing the error rate with respect to Bleu does in- deed guarantee genuine translation ... can be used for frequent tasks like monitoring incremental system changes during de- velopment, which are seemingly infeasible in a manual evaluation setting. The way that Bleu and other automatic...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... MI participated in reviewing and drafting the manuscript in all stages. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Received: ... form, which includes in/ after school and total exposure; and implem entation, which includes instructors, instructor training, and mon- itoring [16]. The strengths of our research is that (1) ... of reproductive health for unmarried adolescents using a questionnaire assessing their knowledge, attitude, and behavior. The findings indicated an increase in knowledge and behav ior that showed a statistically...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... where informing subjects of some pertinent aspect of the research is likely to impair the validity of the research. In many cases, it is sufficient to indicate to subjects that they are being invited ... invited to participate in research, of which some features will not be revealed until the research is concluded. In all cases of research involving incomplete disclosure, such research is justified, ... and interested citizens to understand the ethical issues inherent in research involving human subjects. These principles cannot always be applied, so as to resolve beyond dispute particular ethical...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 15:21

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Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 04:20