erbium doped fiber amplifiers for optical communications

... candidate for 1.3 m amplifiers The contrast between it and erbium- doped fiber amplifiers illustrates how much of a gift Nature has made to us with erbium! The continuing research on erbium- doped fiber ... 405 10.2.3 Gain Results for Pr3 -doped Fiber Amplifiers 406 10.2.4 Modeling of the Pr3 -doped Fiber Amplifier Gain 412 10.2.5 System Results 416 10.3 Nd3 -Doped Fiber Amplifiers 418 10.3.1 Introduction ... (Al, Ge, and Er) and refractive index profile for an erbium- doped fiber preform From reference [21] attenuation in fibers for distributed amplifiers For devices a few meters long, the background...

Ngày tải lên: 18/04/2014, 11:04

... Elementary decoder for row N Elementary decoder for column N Elementary decoder for column ··· Elementary decoder for row Elementary decoder for column ··· Elementary decoder for row N Connection ... Chen, and J Li, “On channel models for predicting soft-decision error correction performance in optically amplified systems,” in Proceedings of the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC ’03), ... Elementary decoder for row Connection block Elementary decoder for column Connection block Elementary decoder for row ··· Elementary decoder for column Connection block Elementary decoder for row Elementary...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... nanostructures on the tips of optical fibers, a special fiber holder that could fit in the FIB stage was fabricated Optical Measurement The optical measurement system used for nanoprobe is schematically ... tapered side of the fiber tip to form a thin coating The nanoaperture was formed Figure Fabrication of nanofibers by laser pulling Page of through shadowed evaporation as the fibers were tilting ... beam (FIB) fabrication of nanostructures has been applied on optical fibers for chemical sensing [18] FIB milling for nanostructure formation allows precise control of size and shape in nanometer...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... and distorted resulting in performance loss We also propose in this paper two other schemes for generating real, positive signals with low PAPR for IM/DD optical DOW communications using SCFDE The ... 0.01 W, the performances of all SCFDE schemes are almost the same due to their lower PAPR For an input signal power of W for QPSK and 0.1 W for 16 QAM and 64 QAM, DQO-SCFDE performs better than ... other newly proposed low PAPR schemes for optical communication using SCFDE which we call Repeat-and-Clipped Optical SCFDE (RCO-SCFDE) and Decomposed Quadrature Optical SCFDE (DQO-SCFDE) are presented...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 08:20

... Ghassemlooy, and R McLaughlin, “Performance of dual header-pulse interval modulation (DHPIM) for optical wireless communication systems,” in Proc SPIE Optical Wireless Communications III, vol 4214 ... DPPM Therefore the symbol length and pulse amplitude are varied according to the information being transmitted A set of DAPPM waveforms is shown in Figure A block of M = log2 (A × L) DAPPM for Indoor ... r(t)|t=kTc A (12) DAPPM for Indoor Wireless Optical Communications Power penalty = P BER, h(t), N0 , Modulation Scheme , P BER, δ(t), N0 , OOK (13) where the bit error rate for OOK is BEROOK = Q...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... ! PD O W ! PD c fiber forming half fiber CO2 laser CO2 laser heat spot break spot (a) (b) gravity force clay clay Figure 3.10 Forming half-taper by heat-pulling (a) The optical fiber is hold vertically ... impurities or defects that couple to Erbium 3.1.2 Erbiumdoped alumino silicate glasses: For Erbium doped glass to create microspheres, one of the solutions for decreasing a short-coming of material due ... Tapered fiber with reduced-diameter cladding; A pencilsharpened fiber; A flat-top fiber; A double tapered fiber Although the discussion given above attributed the reason for sharpening the fiber...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2015, 11:31

... definitions for their Fourier transformations To perform a transformation into a spectral domain, insert the channel function into the brackets of the expression in the column of Table 2.2 marked Transform ... in the following form throughout this work: ˜ H(transformed dependencies; untransformed dependencies) where the transformed dependencies are either τ , k, or ω and the untransformed dependen˜ ... transform domain of h(f, pairs as they were in the time-invariant system For example, using the inverse Fourier ˜ transform on h(f, t) produces a pure time domain function that is useless for...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2012, 11:36

... GPRS Models for the Physical Layer and for User Traffic Generation 5.1 How to Account for the Physical Layer? 5.1.1 What to Account For and How? 5.1.2 Using Approximations for Error Performance Assessment ... MULTIPLE ACCESS PROTOCOLS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS Multiple Access Protocols for Mobile Communications GPRS, UMTS and Beyond Alex Brand Swisscom Mobile, ... industry towards the merging of wireless communications and IPbased data communications, including their impact on multiple access strategies for mobile communications Indeed, in tune with the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2013, 16:59

... as well as satellite-based communications systems, airport communications systems for A-SMGCS applications, and communications systems for direct aircraft-aircraft communications based on adhoc ... summary Summarizing, there will be several different systems for aeronautical communications in the future for both safety critical ATC/ATM communications and commercial APC Up to now, these systems ... AAC and APC information This approach enables to reuse existing infrastructure which has been setup for a certain application by other applications, e.g use satellite communications for ATC/ATM...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 11:07

... that are to be used to perform the particular function such as • How to format the source information stream • How to detect transmission errors • How to handle errors • For each function, both ... audio and video streams are formatted into packets for transfer over the network using the realtime transport protocol (RTP) • RTP is for the transfer of real-time information • At the head of ... error check bits to the information bitstream for error detection and/or error correction purposes • Network layer • The network layer is concerned with how the source information stream gets from...

Ngày tải lên: 06/09/2013, 07:50