... $husband = "Honey"; // Assign the value "Honey" to $husband
2 $son = & $husband; // Assign a reference to $son.
// Now $son is a reference or alias
// for $husband. ... him $husband, and his Mom calls him
$son.
<br />";
4 $son = "Lazy"; // Assign a new value to $son;
// $husband gets the same value
5 print "Now his wife and mother ... number, configuration file, and so on.
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3 print "\t\tTwo tabs are \\t\\t, and two newlines are
\\n\\n.\n\n";...
... special significance and those characters are represented by
HTML entities, special symbols starting with an ampersand and terminated with a semicolon; for example, the < and >
symbols are ... arrays.
Figure 8.2. A numeric array indexed by number, and an associative array indexed by string.
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10 ?>
... nested loops is to display data in rows and columns where one
loop handles the rows and the other handles the columns. The outside loop is initialized and tested; the inside loop then
iterates...
... intended for personal use only.
More information and updates are available at: http://www.phptr.com/
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... now be turned off, and although
the directory structure might change, the manual is usually up to date.
Look for a file called README or INSTALL. They are usually text files and contain all the ... discovered in the CD-ROM during this
warranty period, a replacement CD-ROM can be obtained at no charge by sending the defective CD-ROM, postage
prepaid, with proof of purchase to:
Disc Exchange
Pearson...
... tests can be
constructed in several ways, and the precise approach to constructing the
126 Real Estate Modelling and Forecasting
in employment and financial and business services. We now extend this
model ... for
heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation;
●
explain the impact of heteroscedasticity or autocorrelation on
the optimality of OLS parameter and standard error estimation;
●
distinguish between the Durbin–Watson and ... variable;
●
derive the OLS parameter and standard error estimators in the
multiple regression context;
●
determine how well the model fits the data;
●
understand the principles of nested and non-nested models;
●
test...
... zero by definition since u
t
is a random error process, which
261
Time series models 245
lagging (8.49) by one period, the following expression is obtained,
S
t−1
= αy
t−1
+ (1 − α)S
t−2
(8.50)
and, ... Box–Jenkins approach
Although the existence of ARMA models pre-dates them, Box and Jenkins
(1976) were the first to approach the task of estimating an ARMA model in
a systematic manner. Their approach ... ARIMAs indicate a fall in the office and industrial prices of
18.3 per cent and 24.6 per cent, respectively, which, according to Tse, is the
right direction and very close to the actual prices....
... and
consumption and disposed of as waste and pollutants. Weighting by the weight of
materials ignores different impact potentials of materials and excludes other envi-
ronmental functions and ... approaches of PIOT and MFA and their sustainability assessments.
What is the meaning of a physical GDP in PIOT?
●
Can the monetization of energy and material flows in emergy-dollars or by
input-output ... Springer, cover
page (translated by the author); with permission by the author, VisLab/Wuppertal Institute for
Climate, Environment and Energy, and Springer Science and Business Media.
Plate 6.4
Ecological...
... press Tab, and Xcode places the completed, correctly typed and
spelled command into your code. If the one it suggests is not the correct
one, but you see the correct one a few commands down, ... zip file by double-clicking it, open the folder, and then
double-click the DemoMonkey.xcodeproj file, as indicated by the arrow in
Figure 1-19. Once the Xcode project is open, press Command + ... Preliminaries
5. Enter all your information as shown in Figure 1-8 and pay the Standard
program’s $99 fee. The fee provides all the tools, resources, and technical
support you’ll need. (If you’re reading...
... Giessen and Claudio Campuzano, and to
N
ancy Marcus Land and her staff at Publications Development Company for copyediting and
p
roduction.
Finally, thank you to Maggie Copeland, Melissa Koller, and ... Issues, Geor
g
e Crawford and Bid
y
ut Sen
Derivatives Handbook: Risk Management and Control, Robert J. Schwartz and Clifford W. Smith,
Jr.
D
erivatives: The Theor
y
and Practice o
f
Financial ... Exchan
g
e and Mone
y
Markets, Second Edition, Julian Walmsle
y
Global Trade Financin
g
, Harr
y
M. Venedikian and Gerald A. Warfiel
d
The Handbook of Equity Derivatives, Revised Edition, Jack...
... the prices depend on the intercepts of the demand equations (a
1
and
a
2
), the own-price effects (b
11
and b
22
), and the cross-price effects (b
12
and b
21
).
They also depend on the cost of ... Supply and Demand Substitutability
The key factors that limit market power—the ability to raise prices above the com-
petitive level—are the extent of demand substitutability and the extent and ... examine first product market substitution on the demand and
supply sides and then to go on to consider geographic market substitution, again on
the demand and supply sides. In each case, the market definition...
... information about demand and in particular the own-price elastic-
40
This section draws on Harris and Simons (1989) and also the working papers by O’Brien and
Wickelgren (2003) andby Katz and Shapiro ... demand curve.
First, following Landes and Posner (1981) and Scheffman and Spiller (1987)
consider the dominant-firm model. In that model, the dominant firm faced a mar-
ket demand D
Market
.p/ and ... demand is
Á
Dominant
Demand
D
1
Share
Dom
.Á
Market
Demand
Share
Fringe
Á
Fringe
Supply
/:
This is the residual elasticity of demand, which begins with the market elasticity
of demand and...