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Explanation ! "#$%G"]^%&0(<%')%)*.(*$-%#$($4%I*)%.3*'0,%3.++)%*#$%)3('6*%form.php4 5 "#$%FGF%)3('6*%')%)*.(*$-%#$($4%I*%:'++%6(03$))%*#$%&0(<%',67*4 P I&%*#$%&0(<%#.)%2$$,%)72<'**$-8%*#$%1.+7$%$_POST['submit']%:'++%2$%)$*4 Q "#$%$_POST%.((.=%30,*.',)%*#$%*$9*%*#.*%*#$%7)$(%*=6$-%',%*#$%*$9*%.($.%2098% ,.<$-%story4%JB$$%S#.6*$(%!\8%L]0($%0,%FGF%C0(<)8M%&0(%<0($%',&0(<.*'0,%0,% *#$%$_POST%.((.=4K%C0(%,0:8%$input%30,*.',)%*#$%',67*%*=6$-%2=%*#$%7)$(4%B$$% C'/7($%D4PD4 b "#$%stripslashes()%&7,3*'0,%($<01$)%*#$%)+.)#$)%*#.*%:$($% $-%2=% addslashes()8%*#$%-$&.7+*%2$#.1'0(%:#$,%*#$%magic_quotes_gpc%-'($3*'1$%#.)% 2$$,%*7(,$-%0,%',%*#$%php.ini%&'+$4 % Figure 6.36. The user fills in a form. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Figure 6.37. After the form in Figure 6.36 is submitted. Output of Example 6.36. % % % 6.2.15. Working with HTML Special Characters Like all languages, HTML has certain characters that have special significance and those characters are represented by HTML entities, special symbols starting with an ampersand and terminated with a semicolon; for example, the < and > symbols are written as &lt; and &gt;. If the user enters text that contains these HTML characters (see Table 6.14) when filling out a form, you can use the htmlspecialchars() function to convert the most common special characters to their respective HTML entities. If you require all HTML character entities to be translated, use htmlentities() shown in the next section. Table 6.14. HTML Special Character Functions Function What+It+Does htmlspecialchars_decode() S0,1$(*)%)6$3'.+%G"]^%$,*'*'$)%2.3A%*0%3#.(. 3*$() htmlspecialchars() S0,1$(*)%)6$3'.+%3#.(.3*$()%*0%G"]^%$,*'*'$) % The htmlspecialchars() Function The htmlspecialchars() function converts special characters (shown in Table 6.15) to HTML entities. Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Table 6.15. Conversion of Special Characters Character+Before The+HTML+Entity &%J.<6$().,-K &amp; "%J-072+$%;70*$K &quot;%:#$,%ENT_NOQUOTES%')%,0*%)$* '%J)',/+$%;70*$K &#039;%0,+=%:#$,%ENT_QUOTES%')%)$* <%J+$))%*#.,K &lt; >%J/($.*$(%*#.,K &gt; % Format string htmlspecialchars (string string [, int quote_style [, string charset]]) % Example: $text = "Isn't the << symbol is used in here-docs?"; echo htmlspecialchars($text, ENT_QUOTES), "<br />"; You can define how to handle single or double quotes using the quote_style optional third argument, and define the character set for your locale by using the optional fourth argument, called charset. Quote constants are shown in Table 6.16. Table 6.16. Quote Constants Constant+Name Description ENT_COMPAT S0,1$(*)%-072+$%;70*$)%.,-%+$.1$)%)',/+$%;70*$)%.+0,$8%*#$%-$&.7+*%<0-$ ENT_QUOTES S0,1$(*)%20*#%-072+$%.,-%)',/+$%;70*$) ENT_NOQUOTES ^$.1$)%20*#%-072+$%.,-%)',/+$%;70*$)%7, 30, 1$(*$- % Example 6.37 demonstrates how to use the htmlspecialchars() function. The output can be viewed in Figure 6.38. Example 6.37. <html><head><title>The htmlspecialchars() Function</title> </head> <body bgcolor="lavender"> <font size="+1"> <h3>Creating HTML Entities</h3> <b> <?php 1 $text = "<<Johnson&Son's Tobacco Store>>"; Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. 2 echo "Original: $text<br /><br />"; 3 echo "Modified: ", htmlspecialchars($text), "<br />"; ?> </b> </body> </html> Explanation ! "#$%1.('.2+$8%$text8%')%.))'/,$-%.%)*(',/%30,*.',',/%)0<$%3#.(.3*$()% 30,)'-$($-%)6$3'.+%:#$,%($,-$($-%2=%*#$%G"]^%',*$(6($*$(@%*#$=%.($%*#$%<%.,-% &%3#.(.3*$()4 5 ?#$,%*#')%)*(',/%')%1'$:$-%',%*#$%2(0:)$(8%*#$%G"]^%',*$(6($*$(%)$$)%*#$%<%.)% .,%06$,',/%*./%)=<20+%&0++0:$-%2=%.,%'(($+$1.,*%G"]^%$+$<$,*4%Y0*#',/%')% -')6+.=$-%0*#$(%*#.,%*#$%,$9*%06$,',/%<%.,-%*#$%3+0)',/%>4 P "#$%htmlspecialchars()%&7,3*'0,%3($.*$)%G"]^%$,*'*'$)%07*%0&%*#$%<%.,-%&%)0% *#.*%*#$%2(0:)$(%3.,%-')6+.=%*$9*4%Y0*$%*#.*%*#$%)07(3$%6./$%J)$$%C'/7($%D4PcK% &0(%*#$%?$2%6./$%)#0:)%*#.*%*#$)$%$,*'*'*'$)% . ($%,0:%6.(*%0&%*#$%6./$4 Figure 6.38. Converting special characters to HTML entities. Output from Example 6.37. % Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Figure 6.39. Viewing the source page in the browser. % % % The htmlentities() Function The htmlentities() function converts all applicable characters to their HTML entities equivalents. Format string htmlentities (string string [, int quote_style [, string charset]]) % Example: $string = "5¢ won't get you much at the café Française!"; echo htmlentities($string, ENT_COMPAT); // Returns: 5&#162 won't get you much at the caf&egrave; Fran&ccedil;aise! Table 6.17. Supported Character Sets Charset Aliases Description IBUO[[bcO ! IBU[[bcO! ?$)*$(,%_7(06$.,8%^.*',O!4 IBUO[[bcO !b IBU[[bcO!b ?$)*$(,%_7(06$.,8%^.*',Oc4%W )%*#$%_7(0%)'/,8%C($,3#% .,-%C',,')#%+$**$()%<'))',/%',%^.*',O!%JIBUO[[bcO!K4 X"CO[ % WBSIIO30<6.*'2+$%<7+*'2=*$%[O2'*%X,'30-$4 36[DD '2<[DD8%[DD VUBO)6$3'&'3%S=('++'3%3#.()$*4%"#')%3#.()$*%')%)7660(*$-%',% Q4P454 36!5b! ?',-0:)O!5b!8% :',O!5b!8%!5b! ?',-0:)O)6$3'&'3%S=('++'3%3#.()$*4%"#')%3#.()$*%')% )7660(*$-%',%Q4P454 36!5b5 ?',-0:)O!5b58% ?',-0:)O)6$3'&'3%3#.()$*%&0(%?$)*$(,%_7(06$4 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Table 6.17. Supported Character Sets Charset Aliases Description !5b5 mUI[O` A0'[O(78%A0'[( `7))'.,4%"#')%3#.()$*%')%)7660(*$-%',%Q4P454 >Inb cb\ "( '*'0,.+%S#',$)$8%<.',+=%7)$-%',%".':.,4 n>5P!5 cPD B'<6+'&'$-%S#',$)$8%,.*'0,.+%)*., (-%3#.(.3*$(%)$*4 >InbO GmBSB % >'/b%:'*#%G0,/%m0,/%$9*$,)'0,)8%"( '*'0,.+%S#',$)$4 B#'&*ehIB BhIB8%cP5 h.6.,$)$4 _XSOhF _XShF h.6.,$)$4 6.3. Other String Functions This chapter focused on some of the most useful string functions, but PHP provides other useful string functions, as shown in Table 6.18. Table 6.18. PHP Functions Function What+It+Does addcslashes l70*$)%)*(',/%:'*#%)+.)#$)%',%.%S%)*=+$4 addslashes l70*$)%)*(',/%:'*#%)+.)#$)4 bin2hex S0,1$(*)%2',.(=% *.%',*0%#$9 $3'<.+%($6($)$,*.*'0,4 chop W+'.)%0&%rtrim()4 chr `$*7(,)%.%)6$3'&'3%3#.(.3*$(4 chunk_split B6+'*)%.%)*(',/%',*0%)<.++$(%3#7,A)4 convert_cyr_string S0,1$(*)%&(0<%0,$%S=('++'3%3#.(.3*$(%)$*%*0%.,0*#$(4 convert_uudecode V$30-$)%.%77$,30-$-%)*(',/4 convert_uuencode X7$,30-$)%.%)*(',/4 count_chars `$*7(,)%',&0(<.*'0,%.207*%3#.(.3*$()%7)$-%',%.%)*(',/4 crc32 S.+37+.*$)%*#$%3(3P5%60+=,0<'.+%0&%.%)*(',/4 crypt U,$O:.=%)*(',/%$,3(=6*'0,%J#.)#',/K4 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Table 6.18. PHP Functions Function What+It+Does echo U7*67*)%0,$%0(%<0($%)*(',/)4 explode B6+'*)%.%)*(',/%2=%)*(',/4 fprintf ?('*$)%.%&0(<.**$-%)*(',/%*0%.%)*($.<4 get_html_translation_table `$*7(,)%*#$%*(.,)+.*'0,%*.2+$%7)$-%2=%htmlspecialchars()% .,-%htmlentities()4 hebrev S0,1$(*)%+0/'3.+%G$2($:%*$9*%*0%1')7.+% *$9*4 hebrevc S0,1$(*)%+0/'3.+%G$2($:%*$9*%*0%1')7.+% *$9*%:'*#%,$:+',$% 30,1$()'0,4 html_entity_decode S0,1$(*)%.++%G"]^%$,*'*'$)%*0%*#$'(%.66+'3.2+$%3#. (. 3*$()4 htmlentities S0,1$(*)%.++%.66+'3.2+$%3#.(.3*$()%*0% G"]^%$,*'*'$)4 htmlspecialchars_decode S0,1$(*)%)6$3'.+%G"]^%$,*'*'$)%2.3A%*0%3#.(. 3*$()4 htmlspecialchars S0,1$(*)%)6$3'.+%3#.(.3*$()%*0%G"]^%$,*'*'$)4 implode h0',)%.((.=%$+$<$,*)%:'*#%.%)*(',/4 join W+'.)%0&%implode()4 levenshtein S.+37+.*$)%^$1$,)#*$',%-')*.,3$%2$*:$$,%* :0%)*(',/)4 localeconv n$*)%,7<$('3%&0(<.**',/%',&0(<.*'0,4 ltrim B*('6)%:#'*$)6.3$%J0(%0*#$(%3#.(.3*$()K%&(0<%*#$%2$/',,',/% 0&%.%)*(',/4 md5_file S.+37+.*$)%*#$%md5%#.)#%0&%.%/'1$,%&'+$4 md5 S.+37+.*$)%*#$%md5%#.)#%0&%.%)*(',/4 metaphone S.+37+.*$)%*#$%<$*.6#0,$%A$=%0&%.%)*(',/4 money_format C0(<.*)%.%,7<2$(%.)%.%37(($,3=%)*(',/4 nl_langinfo l7$(=%+.,/7./$%.,-%+03.+$%',&0(<.*'0,4 nl2br I,)$(*)%G"]^%+',$%2($.A)%2$&0($%.++%,$:+',$)%',%.%)*(',/4 number_format C0(<.*)%.%,7<2$(%:'*#%/(076$-%*#07).,-)4 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Table 6.18. PHP Functions Function What+It+Does ord `$*7(,)%WBSII%1.+7$%0&%3#.(.3*$(4 parse_str F.()$)%*#$%)*(',/%',*0%1.('.2+$)4 print U7*67*)%.%)*(',/4 printf U7*67*)%.%&0(<.**$-%)*(',/4 quoted_printable_decode S0,1$(*)%.%;70*$-O6(',*.2+$%)*(',/%*0%.,%[O2'*%)*(',/4 quotemeta l70*$)%<$*.3#.(.3*$()4 rtrim B*('6)%:#'*$)6.3$%J0(%0*#$(%3#.(.3*$()K%&(0<%*#$%$,-%0&%.% )*(',/4 setlocale B$*)%+03.+$%',&0(<.*'0,4 sha1_file S.+37+.*$)%*#$%sha1%#.)#%0&%.%&'+$4 sha1 S.+37+.*$)%*#$%sha1%#.)#%0&%.%)*(',/4 similar_text S.+37+.*$)%*#$%)'<'+.('*=%2$*:$$,%*:0%)*(',/)4 soundex S.+37+.*$)%*#$%)07,-$9%A$=%0&%.%)*(',/ 4 sprintf `$*7(,)%.%&0(<.**$-%)*(',/4 sscanf F.()$)%',67*%&(0<%.%)*(',/%.330(-',/%*0%.%&0(<.*4 str_ireplace S.)$O',)$,)'*'1$%1$()'0,%0&%str_replace()4 str_pad F )%.%)*(',/%*0%.%3$(*.',%+$,/*#%:'*#%.,0*#$(%)*(',/4 str_repeat `$6$.*)%.%)*(',/4 str_replace `$6+.3$)%.++%0337(($,3$)%0&%*#$%)$.(3#%)*(',/%:'*#%*#$% ($6+.3$<$,*%)*(',/4 str_rot13 F$(&0(<)%*#$%(0*!P%$,30-',/%0,%.%)*(',/4%B#'&*)%$1$(=%.+6#.% 3#.(.3*$(%!P%6+.3$)%',%*#$%.+6#.2$*4 str_shuffle `.,-0<+=%)#7&&+$)%.%)*(',/4 str_split S0,1$(*)%.%)*(',/%*0%.,%.((.=4 str_word_count `$*7(,)%',&0(<.*'0,%.207*%:0(-)%7)$-%',%.%)*(',/4 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Table 6.18. PHP Functions Function What+It+Does strcasecmp >',.(=O).&$%3.)$O',)$,)'*'1$%)*(',/%30<6.(')0,4 strchr W+'.)%0&%strstr()4 strcmp >',.(=O).&$%)*(',/%30<6.(')0,4 strcoll ^03.+$O2.)$-%)*(',/%30<6.(')0,4 strcspn C',-)%+$,/*#%0&%','*'.+%)$/<$,*%,0*%<.*3#',/%<.)A4 strip_tags B*('6)%G"]^%.,-%FGF%*./)%&(0<%.%)*(',/4 stripcslashes X,;70*$)%)*(',/%;70*$-%:'*#%addcslashes()4 stripos C',-)%60)'*'0,%0&%&'()*%0337(($,3$%0&%.%3.)$O',)$,)'*'1$%)*(',/4 stripslashes X,;70*$)%)*(',/%;70*$-%:'*#%addslashes()4 stristr S.)$O',)$,)'*'1$%strstr()4 strlen n$*)%)*(',/%+$,/*#4 strnatcasecmp S.)$O',)$,)'*'1$%)*(',/%30<6.(')0,)%7)',/%.%L,.*7(.+%0(-$(M% .+/0('*#<4 strnatcmp B*(',/%30<6.(')0,)%7)',/%.%L,.*7(.+%0(-$(M%.+/0('*#<4 strncasecmp >',.(=O).&$%3.)$O',)$,)'*'1$%)*(',/%30<6.(')0,%0&%*#$%&'()*%,% 3#.(.3*$()4 strncmp >',.(=O).&$%)*(',/%30<6.(')0,%0&%*#$%&'()*%,%3#.(.3*$()4 strpbrk B$.(3#$)%.%)*(',/%&0(%.,=%0&%.%)$*%0&%3#.(.3*$()4 strpos C',-)%60)'*'0,%0&%&'()*%0337(($,3$%0&%.%)*(',/4 strrchr C',-)%*#$%+.)*%0337(($,3$%0&%.%3#.(.3*$(%',%. % )*(',/4 strrev `$1$()$)%.%)*(',/4 strripos C',-)%60)'*'0,%0&%+.)*%0337(($,3$%0&%.%3.)$O',)$,)'*'1$%)*(',/% ',%.%)*(',/4 strrpos C',-)%60)'*'0,%0&%+.)*%0337(($,3$%0&%.%3#.(.3*$(% ', %.%)*(',/4 strspn C',-)%+$,/*#%0&%','*'.+%)$/<$,*%<.*3#',/%<.)A4 Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Table 6.18. PHP Functions Function What+It+Does strstr C',-)%&'()*%0337(($,3$%0&%.%)*(',/4 strtok "0A$,'a$)%)*(',/4 strtolower ].A$)%.%)*(',/%+0:$(3.)$4 strtoupper ].A$)%.%)*(',/%766$(3.)$4 strtr "(.,)+.*$)%3$(*.',%3#.(.3*$()4 substr_compare >',.(=O).&$%06*'0,.++=%3.)$O',)$,)'*'1$%30<6.(')0,%0&%*:0% )*(',/)%&(0<%.,%0&&)$*8%76%*0%+$,/*#%3#.(.3*$()4 substr_count S07,*)%*#$%,7<2$(%0&%)72)*(',/%0337(($,3$)4 substr_replace `$6+.3$)%*$9*%:'*#',%.%60(*'0,%0&%.%)*(',/4 substr `$*7(,)%6.(*%0&%.%)*(',/4 trim B*('6)%:#'*$)6.3$%J0(%0*#$(%3#.(.3*$()K%&(0<%*#$%2$/',,',/% .,-%$,-%0&%.%)*(',/4 ucfirst ].A$)%.%)*(',/H)%&'()*%3#.(.3*$(%766$(3.)$4 ucwords X66$(3.)$)%*#$%&'()*%3#.(.3*$(%0&%$.3#%:0(-%',%.%)*(',/4 vfprintf ?('*$)%.%&0(<.**$-%)*(',/%*0%.%)*($.<4 vprintf U7*67*)%.%&0(<.**$-%)*(',/4 vsprintf `$*7(,)%.%&0(<.**$-%)*(',/4 wordwrap ?(.6)%.%)*(',/%*0%.%/'1$,%,7<2$(%0&%3#.(.3*$()%7)',/%.%)*(',/% 2($.A%3#.(.3*$(4 6.4. Chapter Summary 6.4.1. What You Should Know Now that you have finished this chapter you should be able to answer the following questions: 1. ?#.*%')%.%)*(',/g 2. ?#$,%-0%=07%7)$%-072+$%;70*$)%0(%)',/+$%;70*$)g 3. ?#.*%.($%$)3.6$%3#.(.3*$()g Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. [...]...  is  meant by  “trimming” and  “padding”? 12 What  functions  are  used  for  searching and  replacing  within  strings? 13 What  are  special  characters? 14 What  are  HTML  entities? 15 How  do  you  force  breaks  in  a  string? 16 What  functions  deal  with  homophones? 6.4.2 What’s Next? Chapter 7, “Conditionals and Loops,” covers PHP conditional statements (if/else/elseif, switch) and loops...  dollars  with  a  comma   separator and  decimal  point  Now  display  the  same  number  in  Euros  as  it  would   be  formatted  in  Western  Europe and  place  the  Euro  symbol  before  the  number   (€)   Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark Chapter 7 Conditionals and Loops 7.1 Control Structures, Blocks, and Compound Statements Figure 7.1 shows...  name,  submit_fare,  that  will  be  used  in   the  following PHP  script 4 The  opening PHP  tag  tells PHP  to  start  processing 5 Now  we  are  looking  at  the PHP  instructions  If  the  user  pressed  the  submit   button,  this  file  will  execute PHP  will  store  the  names  of  the  input  devices  in   variables,  $age and  $submit_fare  This  conditional  expression  tests  to... Figure 7.11 The HTML form from Example 7.7 with checked boxes Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark     Figure 7.12 Output from the PHP program Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark 7.2.4 The foreach Loop The foreach loop is designed to work with arrays and works only with arrays Arrays are covered in Chapter 8, “Arrays,” but... Nested Loops A loop within a loop is a nested loop A common use for nested loops is to display data in rows and columns where one loop handles the rows and the other handles the columns The outside loop is initialized and tested; the inside loop then iterates completely through all of its cycles; and the outside loop starts again where it left off The inside loop moves faster than the outside loop Loops... York, London, Paris, Honolulu, and Tokyo Write a PHP script that uses a switch statement to evaluate each of the cities, and based on the city selected by the user, sends back a message such as, “Welcome to San Francisco Be sure to bring your heart and a jacket!” or “Bonjour, let’s take a stroll on the left bank!” Create the following form that uses radio buttons:   Create a PHP script that will use case... Explanation 1 The PHP  script  starts  here 2 If  $submit_color  has  not  been  set,  then  the  form  was  not  submitted 3 The PHP  program  starts  here 4 In  the  switch  expression,  the  value  of  $color  is  matched  against  the  values  of  each  of  the   following  case  labels   (PHP  names  the  variable,  $color, by  the  same  name  assigned  to  the   radio  button and  assigns  to... variable, then "green" is tested, and there is a match, its block of statements is executed purchase PDF Split-Mergeifon www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark The  break  statement  sends  control  of  the  program  to  line  9 blue and  the  message  “Font  is  blue”  will  appear  in  the  table  cell     The break statement sends control of the program to line 9 If "red" and "blue" are not matched...  end  of  the  for  loop Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark Figure 7.10 The for loop   The for Loop and Repetitive Form Fields The HTML form in Example 7.7 consists of a set of five check boxes with repetitive names The only part of the name that differs is the number value fixed to the end of the name By using a for loop and variable variables[1], you can dynamically... -(The PHP Script) Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark Checkbox Item Checked Values 1 2 3 4 . have special significance and those characters are represented by HTML entities, special symbols starting with an ampersand and terminated with a semicolon;. % Please purchase PDF Split-Merge on www.verypdf.com to remove this watermark. Chapter 7. Conditionals and Loops 7.1. Control Structures, Blocks, and Compound

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