emission absorption and lasers
Appendix 5 Spontaneous Emission Term and Factors
Ngày tải lên :
19/10/2013, 22:15
... with a half-width Á! at half-maximum and using Copyright © 2004 Marcel Dekker, Inc Spontaneous Emission Term and Factors 301 an approximation that spontaneous emission peak frequency % oscillation ... approximately the spontaneous emission spectrum in a laser structure By integrating it, the total spontaneous emission Rsp can be calculated Approximating the spontaneous emission spectrum by a Lorentzian ... f2 ð1 À f1 Þr ð!m Þ h nr ng "0 m2 !m ðA5:6Þ Accordingly, from Eqs (A5.5) and (A5.6), the spontaneous emission term and the mode gain are correlated by Rsp ð!m Þ ¼ nsp GGð!m Þ ! f2 ð1 À f1...
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Acid Gas Scrubber for Multi-Pollutant Reduction - Emission Control and Measurement Workshop pot
Ngày tải lên :
14/03/2014, 10:20
... of Technologies for Controls of Particulate, SOX and NOX emissions Specializing in reduction of Oil Refinery Emissions More systems installed and operating than ALL other competitors “COMBINED” ... particulate (PM 2.5 and below) and further reduction of SO2 / and SO3 is achieved in Filtering Modules 16 EDV® Wet Scrubbing System Filtering Modules (FM’s are applicable only to EDV 5000 and 6000 models) ... WATER FC (This loop is for EDV® 5000, 6000 and 6600 models only) (for EDV® 5000 and 6000 models only) EDV® FILTERING MODULES (for EDV pHC 5000, 6000 and 6600 models only) DIRTY FLUE GAS FROM FCC...
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Fundamentals of light sources and lasers mark csele
Ngày tải lên :
17/03/2014, 14:28
... that atoms and molecules have such energy levels and transitions can occur between these ABSORPTION AND EMISSION PROCESSES 11 Energy hn Absorption Emission Figure 1.8.1 Absorption and emission ... applications, and a survey of commercially available lasers of that type Visible gas lasers, including helium –neon and ion lasers, are covered in Chapter UV gas lasers such as nitrogen and excimer lasers ... the energy levels of such materials into two distinct bands, the valence band and the conduction band These two bands are simply energy bands with no energy levels in between (analogous to any...
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Dermal Absorption and Toxicity Assessment pot
Ngày tải lên :
28/03/2014, 22:20
... structure and absorption, measurement of absorption, modeling of dermal absorption and risk assessment, skin toxicity and its prevention, regulatory issues, and specific examples of the absorption ... Hickey and David Ganderton 113 Pharmacogenomics, edited by Werner Kalow, Urs A Meyer and Rachel F Tyndale 114 Handbook of Drug Screening, edited by Ramakrishna Seethala and Prabhavathi B Fernandes ... Drug Trials and Tribulations: Second Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited by Allen Cato, Lynda Sutton, and Allen Cato III 121 Modern Pharmaceutics: Fourth Edition, Revised and Expanded, edited...
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Control of Air Pollution From Aircraft and Aircraft Engines; Proposed Emission Standards and Test Procedures ppt
Ngày tải lên :
29/03/2014, 14:20
... tier of standards identified for an engine relates to NOX emissions and that the specified standards for HC, CO, and smoke emissions apply independent of the changes to the NOX emission standards ... feasibility and cost of the proposed emission standards were well documented by our own analyses and CAEP as described later in this section and in section V., Technical Feasibility, Costs, and Emission ... Engines; Emission Standards and Test Procedures;’’ Final Rule, 47 FR 58462, December 30, 1982 71 U.S.EPA, ‘‘Control of Air Pollution from Aircraft and Aircraft Engines; Emission Standards and Test...
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absorption and drug development
Ngày tải lên :
10/04/2014, 10:58
... electrophoresis (CE) [144147], and a chromatographic technique [148] In principle, UV and CE methods are more sensitive and less sample-demanding than is the pH-metric method That not withstanding, the latter ... pages of hand-scribbled notes and derivations accumulated, but no book emerged Some years later, a section of the original notes acquired a binding and saw light in the form of Applications and Theory ... read the Chapter and comment on the various derivations and concepts of permeability His unique expertise on the topic spans many decades His thoughts and advice (30 pages of handwritten notes)...
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ultra fast laser absorption and ablation
Ngày tải lên :
06/05/2014, 09:02
... polarizer, F: 800-nm band-pass filter CHOWDHURY et al Ultra-fast laser absorption and ablation dynamics in wide-band-gap dielectrics locate the focal position at the imaging plane and hence also the ... the values of the band gaps of the three materials: 12 eV for CaF2 [7] and eV for SiO2 [17] and Al2 O3 [18] As the absorption is by nonlinear photoionization, the value of the band gap will determine ... force microscope (AFM) and the data is presented in Fig Each data point is averaged over five measurements and the error bars represent the standard deviation The larger band gap and corresponding...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Size-dependent visible absorption and fast photoluminescence decay dynamics from freestanding strained silicon nanocrystals" ppt
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 04:20
... the distinct visible absorption and an intense visible PL at 580-585 nm from the freestanding Si NCs While the absorption/ photoexcitation of carriers is certainly a band-to-band transition process, ... synthesized anisotropically strained freestanding Si NCs with sizes approximately 5-42 nm that are freestanding and studied the optical absorption and PL emission from these NCs as a function of ... probed by optical absorption and PL emission from the strained Si NCs Alonso et al [20] and Lioudakis et al [21] provided evidence for quantum confinement effect on inter-band optical transitions...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Morphology-dependent field emission properties and wetting behavior of ZnO nanowire arrays" docx
Ngày tải lên :
21/06/2014, 06:20
... samples A, B, and C are listed in Table Their average diameters are about 300, 600, and 80 nm, and the corresponding lengths are 6, 25, and 25 μm, respectively The resultant diameters and lengths ... 1021.7 and 1044.8 eV (sample A), 1021.6 and 1044.8 eV (sample B), 1021.7 and 1044.9 eV (sample C) The photoelectron spectra of O 1s in the as-prepared three samples were located at 530.6, 530.4, and ... tilted and cross-sectional (in the corresponding below panel) FE-SEM images of (a) sample A, (b) sample B, and (c) sample C nanoparticles with an elevated temperature and serve as catalyst, and...
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Báo cáo hóa học: " Field Emission Properties and Fabrication of CdS Nanotube Arrays" pot
Ngày tải lên :
22/06/2014, 00:20
... Cd and S in the nanotubes is about 1:1 The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) measurement of the CdS nanotube arrays are shown in Fig 2d A green emission band around 550 nm and a red emission ... samples B and C decrease to 9.99 and 7.99 V/lm, respectively With decreasing the wall thicknesses of CdS nanotubes, the Eth decreases Eth for samples A, B, and C are 14.92, 13.44, and 11.27 V/lm, ... n, and c are obtained as 0.9, 3.7, and 6, for the best fit to the experimental datum Using these parameters, we get three simulating values of bsim for samples A, B, and C, which are 273, 359, and...
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GREENHOUSE GASES – EMISSION, MEASUREMENT AND MANAGEMENT pptx
Ngày tải lên :
28/06/2014, 17:20
... agricultural landscape, challenges in N2O measurements and estimates across the agricultural landscape, factors affecting N2O and N2 emissions and possible mitigating options, conclusions and references ... N2O measurements and estimates across the agricultural landscape Nitrous oxide emission and estimation across the different agricultural landscapes (arable, pasture, and wetland) is extremely ... uncertainties in emission factors, and in indirect emissions, limited data on the type and amount of N excreted by grazing animals, and in spatial and temporal variability of N2O emissions Furthermore,...
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Guide to Low-Emission Boiler and Combustion Equipment Selection ppsx
Ngày tải lên :
07/08/2014, 21:21
... they burn and the emissions that they produce Also included are discussions about emissions standards and compliance issues, technical details related to emissions control techniques, and other ... burn and the emissions that they release Discussions on environmental regulations, including emissions standards and compliance issues, technical details related to emission control techniques, and ... established emission standards An overview of boilers, fuels, and emissions, which are fundamental considerations in the planning process, is presented immediately after the introduction Terms and emission...
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báo cáo khoa học: " Absorption and translocation to the aerial part of magnetic carbon-coated nanoparticles through the root of different crop plants" potx
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 00:22
... such applications a deep understanding on nanoparticle penetration and movement within the plant is needed In the present work, we have studied the absorption and translocation of magnetic carbon-coated ... were taken after 24 and 48 hours and fixed for further microscopic analysis Sections of samples were obtained either by using a vibratome or by hand cut, avoiding embedding and washing of nanoparticles ... plants and the microscopy study, the processing of plant samples, and wrote the first manuscript draft LC carried out the synthesis of nanoparticles and the bioferrofluid suspension CM and MRI...
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Báo cáo y học: "F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and/or computed tomography findings of an unusual breast lymphoma case and concurrent cervical cancer: a case report" docx
Ngày tải lên :
11/08/2014, 07:20
... PET/CT and contrast-enhanced CT for lymph node involvement was found to be 94% and 88%, respectively, while the specificity was 100% and 86%, respectively [11] For extranodal disease, PET/CT and ... [17] In a review article, the sensitivity and specificity for pelvic involvement with newly diagnosed cervical cancer were 79% and 99% for FDG-PET, and 72% and 96% for MRI; for CT the sensitivity ... editing of the manuscript HRF and AK helped capture and prepare the images MMO contributed to the discussion, editing and proofreading of the manuscript All authors read and approved the final manuscript...
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Báo cáo y học: "Glucose absorption and gastric emptying in critical illness" pps
Ngày tải lên :
13/08/2014, 18:22
... improved understanding of the factors influencing glycaemia is important The aims of this study were to quantify glucose absorption and assess the relations between absorption and glycaemia with ... both the rate and extent of glucose absorption are markedly reduced in critically ill patients [1416], and demonstrates that there is a close relation between glucose absorption and GE in these ... contributions MC, RF and MH were involved with study conception and design, data interpretation, statistical analysis and drafting of the manuscript MB, KJ and BC were involved in study design and scintigraphic...
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Acoustic emission standards and technology update ASTM special technical publication 1353
Ngày tải lên :
20/08/2015, 14:56
... N TAFURI, AND J J y1~7.71 JR 67 Acoustic Emission and Ultrasonic Testing for Mechanical Integrity s J TERNOWCHEK, T J GANDY, M V CALVA, AND T S PATIT~SON 79 AE SENSORS, STANDAm)S, AND QUANTITATIVEAE ... recorded and digitized, and mode shapes and dominant frequency contents were determined and compared to the waveforms generated by the pencil breaks [20,21] ACOUSTIC EMISSION: STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ... International www.astm.org 42 ACOUSTICEMISSION: STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY Concrete and Concrete Structures - "Orphaned Children" of the NDT Standards Family Control and management are important components...
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Saturable absorption and two photon absorption in graphene
Ngày tải lên :
09/09/2015, 17:55
... with different methods and the operating wavelength To gain a full understanding of saturable absorption in graphene, we employ both Z-scan and frequency-degenerate transient absorption (or pump-probe) ... different methods and the saturable absorption of vertical aligned CNTs thin film In chapter 5, we explore the two-photon absorption properties of monolayer and bilayer graphene Two-photon absorption ... by one-photon and two-photon interband transitions In order to explore the two-photon absorption properties of the monolayer and bilayer epitaxial graphene, we carry out pump-probe and Z-scan experiments...
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Multiphoton absorption and multiphoton excited photoluminescence in transition metal doped znsezns quantum dots
Ngày tải lên :
11/09/2015, 10:06
... fitted lowest band, second band, third band and size distribution of un-doped and Cu-doped ZnSe/ZnS QDs (Page 77) Table 3.2 QD density, diameter, bandgap energy and 3PA of bulk and QD semiconductors ... Coefficients an, bn, and cn when p0 and q0 [4.7] (Page 98) Table 4.2 The Gaussian fitted lowest band, second band, third band and size distribution of un-doped and Cu-doped and Mn-doped ZnSe/ZnS ... conduction band and quantum confinement caused mixing of the six valence bands to obtain electron and hole energy spectra, and onephoton absorption spectra [1.22] This is called the 6-band model;...
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Development of multivariate curve resolution and associated system identification tools for IR emission, chiroptical, and far infrared and far raman spectroscopies
Ngày tải lên :
12/09/2015, 08:20
... obtaining good quality emission spectra using IRES and the application of emission mode BTEM to deconvolute the pure component emission spectra Pure solid and liquid samples and one liquid-phase ... (Keller and Massart, 1991), and HELP (Kvalheim and Liang, 1992; Liang et al., 1992; Keller et al., 1992; Liang and Kvalheim, 2001) Among these methods, WFA and HELP are probably the most studied and ... Model 45 3.4 Emission Mode Band-Target Entropy Minimization 47 3.4.1 Formulation of Emission BTEM 47 iv 3.4.2 Quantitative Analysis: Concentration Profiles 51 3.5 Results and Discussion: Emission...
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CO2 Absorption and Desorption Simulation with Aspen HYSYS
Ngày tải lên :
10/12/2016, 10:06
... package, and the solvent are presented 3.1 Standard absorption process Figure 2: Simplified figure of the standard absorption process [8] Figure shows the configurations of the standard absorption ... CO2 removal efficiency and heat demand for the Aspen HYSYS standard absorption model 44 Figure 9: Lean amine circulation rate, CO2 removal efficiency and heat demand for the Aspen HYSYS ... exchanger of Δ5K the investment cost and energy demand compared to a standard absorption process can be approximately increased and reduced by respectively 2,77% and 9,37% From these numbers it is...
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