electrostatic force microscopy characterization of low dimensional systems

... thick spacer layer of undoped AlGaAs The double--doping is used to reduce the autocompensation of Si and to maximize the distance between Topological Aspects of Low Dimensional Systems Fig Cross-sectional ... picture of the physics of the 2DES at high M Shayegan: Electrons in a Flatland magnetic elds Among these are the descriptions of the 2DESs at high B in terms of quasi-particles which consist of electrons ... insulating states at low llings The purpose of these notes is to provide a glimpse of some of the exciting recent experimental results in this eld I will focus on the following ve areas; I will...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:13

... a sample of vertical SiNWs on n-type Si wafer with diameters in the range of 50-100 nm The length of wires after planarization was estimated around μm Conductive-probe atomic force microscopy ... in the range of 10 -10 12 Ω, which allows investigations on a variety of materials [17,18] and devices [19,20] Measurement accuracy based on calibrations is below 3% in the range of 10210 11 Ω, ... Scanning Probe Microscopy New York: Springer; 2007 doi:10.1186/1556-276X-6-110 Cite this article as: Alvarez et al.: Conductive-probe atomic force microscopy characterization of silicon nanowire...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 06:20

... of review articles on electronic properties of interacting lower dimensional systems We have also tried to achieve a style of presentation that allows an advanced student or newcomer to use this ... Part I present the physics of interacting electrons in onedimensional systems Here, one of the key issues is the identification of powerlaws appearing as a function of energy scales such as the ... nonequilibrium states of inhomogeneous systems Note also that the following calculations look similar to the derivation of fundamental relations in the theory of the FL [41] However, G of mesoscopic...

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:11

... of the in-situ electron beam-induced selforganization of gold nanoclusters in SiO2 J Phys D 2009, 42:075304 17 Ruffino F, Grimaldi MG: Atomic force microscopy study of the growth mechanisms of ... the number of     i 1 (y i  y )  N    data points of the profile, y i are the data points that describe the relative vertical height of the surface, and y is the mean height of the surface ... http://www.nanoscalereslett.com/content/6/1/112 Page of 13 Figure Schematic picture of the growth stages of the Au film as a function of the thermal budget spherical clusters with a radius R, the vapor pressure at the surface of the cluster...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... the images of CYP11A1 aggregates, arrows (2) indicate the images of CYP11A1 monomers 70% ± 10% of the total number of objects Lateral sizes of imaged CYP11A1 monomers were in the order of 8–12 nm, ... height of AFMvisualized objects Therefore, in a series of AFM experiments, the heights of imaged proteins were measured, and the distribution of protein images with height was built AFM of Non-Monomerized ... than the height of P4502B4 from X-ray data (2.5 nm) The lowered value of CYP11A1 height may be suggested to be due to the motility of the CYP11A1 molecule under the supersharp probe force or to the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... the sample with a thickness of nm b of nm, c of 14 nm, d of 20 nm, e of 26 nm, f of 32 nm of Au respectively The continuous lines represent the fit by Eq The values of ci reported as insets are ... and volume of the Au nanometric grains forming the film can be obtained The XEI software for the analyses of the AFM images allow to obtain the distribution of the grains radii, R, and of the grains ... and conservative systems yields a = and b = 0.25 for growth of a two -dimensional surface [8] The values of a and b predicted by the theories for nonconservatives and conservatives systems may vary...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 01:20

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 15:21

... ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TWODIMENSIONAL CARBON AND VO2 IN ULTRAHIGH VACUUM WANG YING (B Eng., Hons., National University of Singapore, Singapore) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF ... properties of low dimensional materials The second part of the chapter discusses the assumptions and main results of the F-N model for electron field emission in details A review of the previous ... images of a few-layer graphene peeled off in situ (a) and CNW (b) 17 Fig 2.3 Schematic of relative orientation of graphene Fermi surface with respect to the current direction for the case of a...

Ngày tải lên: 08/09/2015, 15:25

... ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY STUDY OF MALARIA INFECTED RED BLOOD CELLS LI ANG (B S., FUDAN UNIVERSITY, CHINA) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF MACHANICAL ... aspect of this work ii Table of contents Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I TABLE OF CONTENTS III SUMMARY VI LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS VIII LIST OF SYMBOLS ... Mechanism of Cytoadherence of P falciparum IRBCs 13 1.3 Objective and Scope of This Thesis 24 1.3.1 Objectives 24 1.3.2 Scope of Project 25 CHAPTER ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 14:34

... University of Singapore ii Table of contents TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements i Table of contents iii Abstract viii List of tables x List of figures xi Nomenclature xxiv Acronyms xxviii List of publications ... features of the superconducting junctions of 164 CNWs low and “high” means the low magnetic field and high magnetic field region National University of Singapore x List of figures LIST OF FIGURES ... AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES WANG HAOMIN (B Eng., M Eng., Huazhong University of Science and Technology, P R China) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... 1.1.2 Atomic force microscopy In the 1980s, a series of microscopy with similar principles were invented, and they  formed the family of scanning probe microscopy (SPM). As a member of this family,  ... effects of deformation force on AFM images of cell cortical filaments: (A, B) Images of a living MCF-7 cell acquired at imaging forces of ~0.1nN and 1.2 nN, respectively When the loading force ... 20 Figure The effects of deformation force on AFM images of cell cortex 23 Figure The effects of scan direction on AFM images of living MCF-7 cells 25 Figure Illustration of photodiode detection...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 14:23

... employed for characterization of amplitude variations of topography and phase across the surface RMS values were also used as an error bar of determined layer thickness [8] Page of 10 Results ... quality factor of cantilever and phase of the cantilever relative to the driver [29] The wear rate ranges between Page of 10 Figure Wear of protein layers in tapping mode AFM AFM image of FBS layer ... image Figure 3b shows the results of the CM nanoshaving performed on NCD surface with the new NSG01 tip and applied force of F = 1.5 μN The central area of NCD become lower, Δz = ± 12 nm, RMS roughness...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 04:20

... discussed below The inset of Fig 4A shows a scheme of the packing configuration of dimers Such a specific arrangement is exemplified in the inset of Fig 4B, in which the up and down configuration of LH2’s ... the types of lipids or mixtures of lipids used and the lipid ⁄ protein ratio (LPR) Two -dimensional crystals of the photosynthetic bacterial LH2 have been extensively studied by means of AFM [13,14,21–24] ... [13,17] In essence, ultrasoft tapping-mode AFM was applied in combination with the choice of appropriate buffer for electrostatic balancing of the AFM tip and the substrate Electrostatically balanced...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... restoration of MnSOD activity in transformed cancer cells (via transfection of MnSOD cDNA) results in a slowing of tumor growth in mice, as well as alteration of the transformed phenotype of cancer ... presence of an inactive form of the enzyme that can interconvert to an active form, which manifests as an extended region of zero-order decay of superoxide following an initial burst of activity ... curves of catalysis, an initial catalytic burst is followed by a region of zero-order decay of superoxide that is best explained by the reversible formation of an inactivated species of MnSOD...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... laccase isoform is by far the most active [15] The purification of this enzyme, named LAC2, was achieved in three steps, allowing us to recover 5.5 mg of enzyme with a specific activity of 934 UÆmg)1, ... Electrophoresis of purified LAC2 (A) Silver staining of a SDS/ 7.5% PAGE; lanes and 5: molecular mass standards; lane 2: 0.5 lg of purified LAC1; lane 3: 0.5 lg of purified LAC2; lane 4: 10 lg of total ... consequence of the variability of certain of the amino acids involved in the substrates channel in specific enzymes A substantial variation in the folding of the T1 copper pocket of the two enzymes,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 09:20

... sides of the membrane, the measured heights of these two types of protrusion should presumably be the same The negative results above thus indicate that the C-termini of the individual subunits of ... consistent with those of its cytosolic portions, whereas the heights of the higher ones (peak 2) represented those of the GNPs bound to the C-termini of the enzyme (Fig 6C) The height of the latter protrusions ... C-termini of the enzyme In contrast, the longer distance indicates a probable extension of the C-termini of V-PPase Verication of these possibilities requires further investigation The C-terminus of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... harvested after 24 h of culture on 2% (w/v) glucose, by using the method of Raeder & Broda [33] Amplification of a DNA fragment encoding a portion of the catalytic domain of T emersonii cel7 was ... structure solution of the native enzyme Family contains both CBHs and endoglucanases The structure of CBHs is distinguished from that of endoglucanases by the presence of loops of polypeptide chain ... 55, 303–315 46 Littlejohn, T.G & Hynes, M.J (1992) Analysis of the site of action of the amdR product for regulation of the amdS gene of Aspergillus nidulans Mol Gen Genet 235, 81–88 47 Johnson,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... Experimental determination of the free energy of unfolding of proteins Biochem Ed 3, 162±164 37 Pawar, S.A & Deshpande, V.V (2000) Characterization of acidinduced unfolding intermediates of glucose/xylose ... ¯uorescence of stem bromelain gradually decreases to pH 2.0 and becomes more or less constant, indicative of the presence of a non-native stable intermediate at low pH The emission spectrum of stem ... completely unfolded state in the presence of M GdnHCl Figure shows the near UV CD spectra of the native state of the protein, the denatured state of the protein and of the acid-induced state at pH 2.0...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 00:21

... dynamics of supercoil-stabilized DNA cruciforms J Mol Biol 280, 61–72 Lyubchenko, Y.L., Jacobs, B.L., Lindsay, S.M & Stasiak, A (1995) Atomic -force microscopy of nucleoprotein complexes Scanning Microscopy ... effect of deformation on the lateral resolution of atomic force microscopy J Microsc 182, 106–113 Cherny, D.I., Fourcade, A., Svinarchuk, F., Nielsen, P.E., Malvy, C & Delain, E (1998) Analysis of ... Conformational variability of triplex structures can provide tuning of the interaction of the triplexforming regions In addition, triplex formation absorbs the negative supercoils of the flanking regions,...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 23:20

Ngày tải lên: 24/04/2014, 17:20