electrochemical activation of catalyzed reactions

... on the electrochemical activation of catalytic reactions and is addressed both to the electrochemical and catalytic communities We stress both the electrochemical and catalytic aspects of electrochemical ... chemical potential of specie j in the gas phase electrochemical potential of electrons electrochemical potential of electrons in the reference electrode electrochemical potential of electrons in ... Deposited on Nafion Electrochemical Promotion of Commercial Catalysts 12.2.2 12.2.2.1 Electrochemical Promotion of an Industrial Synthesis Catalyst 12.2.2.2 Electrochemical Promotion of an Industrial...

Ngày tải lên: 16/04/2014, 11:20

... Effects of temperature on enzyme -catalyzed reactions Example and Application Conclusion Introduction about enzyme -catalyzed reaction • Living processes consists almost entirely of biochemical reactions ... enzyme -catalyzed reaction Optimal temperature of human enzyme is about 35-40ºC, of bacteria is about 70ºC or higher Fig 32 Examples of interactions contributing to the tertiary structure of a protein ... chains of two cysteine amino acids This diagram shows only one small part of a hypothetical protein Factor effects on enzyme -catalyzed reaction Low temperatures slow the rate of formation of the...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20

... APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHINE LIGANDS TO TRANSITION METAL -CATALYZED REACTIONS JIANG CHUNHUI (M.Sc., Nanjing Univ.) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ... iii Summary vi List of Tables viii List of Figures ix List of Schemes x List of Abbreviations xiv List of Publications xvii Chapter Introduction 1.1 Historical background of asymmetric palladium ... for transition-metal -catalyzed reactions 169 4.4.3.1 Pd -catalyzed AAA reaction 169 4.4.3.1 Ag -catalyzed Mannich reaction 170 4.4.3.1 Rh -catalyzed1 ,4-addition 171 4.4.3.1 Pd -catalyzed 1,2-addition...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 09:59

... INVESTIGATION OF CATALYSED ALDOL REACTIONS WONG CHIONG TECK (B.Sc.(Hons), NUS) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE ... enantioselectivity Details of this study are presented in Chapter In the quest for better atom efficiency of reactions and the environmental concern of using certain solvents in reactions, the use of ionic liquids ... the exception of halogen substitution, the nucleophilicity of silyl enol ether and the electrophilicity of the aldehyde are important in promoting the reactivity of this class of aldol addition...

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2015, 17:09

... 08:00–18:00 (47% of calls during 42% of the day), a substantial proportion of MET calls occur after normal working hours (53% of calls during 58% of the day), with the peak time of activity occurring ... the Austin Hospital and 2568 activations of the MET service Activation of the MET service was not uniform over the 24-hour period (Fig 1) Over the study period, 53% of the 2568 calls occurred in ... time, a detailed analysis of the level of utilization of a MET service over a 24-hour period and found a significant increase in the number of MET calls around periods of nursing handover and routine...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 10:45

... function of the conductivity and chemical nature of the substrate, as well as of the tip–substrate distance The images thus obtained offer valuable insights into the microdistribution of the electrochemical ... continuous growth of polyaniline on a platinum surface 42 STUDY OF ELECTRODE REACTIONS AND INTERFACIAL PROPERTIES require the establishment of the proper baseline For neighboring peaks (of a mixture), ... extracellular environment of the brain The good temporal and chemical resolutions of such in vivo cyclic voltammetric experiments offer improved understanding of the chemistry of the brain These repetitive...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 08:20

... preferentially the phosphorylation of the p46 isoform of JNK, whereas sorbitol treatment induced phosphorylation of both the p46 and p55 isoforms To confirm functional activation of the JNK signaling pathway, ... by distinct sets of stimuli [1–4] Of particular importance to this study is the JNK family of MAPKs, which are predominantly activated by proinflammatory cytokines and a variety of environmental ... extent of MAPK activation depends not only on the activity of kinases, but also the protein phosphatases that dephosphorylate the Tyr and Ser ⁄ Thr residues in substrate proteins that are part of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 14:20

... mechanism for furin-mediated activation of transmembrane substrates The activation of ADAM17 by furin [68] and our observation of an interaction between GRASP55 and the ICD of ADAM17 (C Roghi and L ... to AAA573 could explain the reduction of the level of cell surface expression of this mutated version of MT1-MMP It is important to note that perturbation of the GRASP55 interaction with TGF-a ... 2010 FEBS C Roghi et al Role of GRASP55 in MT1-MMP activation ting that the disruption of the interaction between MT1-MMP and GRASP55 could affect the activation of the protease Taken together,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 04:20

... summary, upregulation of ICAM-1 expression in SCs after direct stimulation with LPS occurred via activation of MAPKs, especially the p38 and SAPK ⁄ JNK pathways Activation of MAPK pathways might ... accumulation and antigen-induced activation of T cells in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the PNS As mentioned above, MAPKs were implicated in the activation of NF-jB in SCs in response to ... LPS-induced activation of the p38 and SAPK ⁄ JNK MAPK cascades is responsible for the synthesis of ICAM-1 in SCs Discussion The present study demonstrated that LPS induces ICAM-1 expression in SCs of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 18:20

... activation was strongly inhibited by selective inactivation of the AP-1 site and completely inhibited by simultaneous inactivation of the AP-1 and PEA-3 ⁄ ETS-1 sites Selective inactivation of ... activation was strongly inhibited by selective inactivation of the AP-1 site and completely inhibited by simultaneous inactivation of the AP-1 and PEA-3 ⁄ ETS-1 sites Selective inactivation of ... sustained activation of Rac by overexpression of the Rac-specific activator, Tiam1, or overexpression of V12-Rac1, strongly induces transcriptional upregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 05:20

... agonist of the WT nAChR and it elicits a maximum current of only 1.5 ± 0.1% of the ACh response (data not shown) The WT receptor was activated by PTMA with an EC50 of 57 lm and a Hill coefficient of ... concentration-effect curves for the activation of WT nAChR(n) and inhibition of the ACh-induced response of aR55F (s) mutant receptors (Table 2, see text for details) (B) Inhibition of ACh-evoked currents ... EC50 value for activation of that subtype Similar data show a lack of significant effect of dTC on the aR55W and R55E mutant receptors (data not shown) Fig compares the density of binding sites...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 07:20

... [16], and also affects the type of cellular response that is evoked [17,18] Activation of ERK is required for proliferation of fibroblasts [19] and constitutive ERK activation frequently occurs in ... expression of genes involved in cell cycle progression include Elk1, c-fos, c-Jun and c-myc [9,15] The duration of ERK activation (transient or sustained) determines the repertoire of target genes ... the synergistic effect EGF concentration-dependency of synergistic activation To investigate the synergistic activation in the second phase of the time profile further, we measured the ERK-PP concentration...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... absence of some other electrochemical process indicates a decrease of the mass transport limitations, due to initiation of growth of dendrites and further dendritic growth 1 General Theory of Disperse ... applications in robotics • Electrochemical coating of medical implants • Electrochemical techniques for obtaining biofunctional materials • Preparation and properties of bioactive metals prepared ... purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 18:20

... translational activation of the IRES-containing mRNA Since internal translation is independent of the 5¢-cap structure of the mRNA, we did not focus our attention on the changes in the activity of the ... translation of specific mRNAs during the course of differentiation During the early developmental stages of Xenopus, Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, the translation of subclasses of mRNAs ... StuI–NcoI 7.5-kb fragment of pLL to generate pLML pcK3L was generated by insertion of the NcoI (filled)– BamHI 0.3-kb fragment of pTM1-K3L [18] into the HindIII (filled)–BamHI sites of pcDNA3 (Invitrogen)...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... concentration range of 30–150 lM (1.3–6.5 mgÆmL)1), 90 lL of arrestin solution was mixed with 10 lL of 10 mM peptide solution to yield a final peptide concentration of mM For higher concentrations of arrestin ... and arrestin in the presence of phosphopeptide is given at the top of the (B) and (C), expressed as a percentage of the total signal from the detector Activation of visual arrestin (Eur J Biochem ... wild-type arrestin The effect of the R175Q mutation on the properties of arrestin is consistent with the observed effect of the phosphopeptide: both cause activation of arrestin but produce very...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... nonhydrolyzable analog of ATP, AMP-PNP mimicked 60–70% of the ATP effect with respect to ANF activation of ANF-RGC activity [22,25] The remaining 40–30% of ATP activity in ANF-RGC activation was predicted ... WTAPELL675 motif of the ARM in the activation of ANF-RGC To assess this possibility, the 669WTAPELL675 deletion mutant of ANF-RGC was analyzed for ANF ⁄ staurosporine-dependent activation of the cyclase ... structural features of both proteins are almost identical In quantitative terms, the high degree of overlap of the two structures is reflected by the value of the rmsd It is the measure of the average...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 11:20

... process Results Inhibition of collagen-mediated activation of PMNs by 6-amino-hexanoic acid In a first set of experiments, the potential involvement of lysine residues in PMN activation was evaluated ... the results obtained in arbitrary units) and activation of PMNs by a1CB6 peptides was expressed as a ratio of the intensity of activation to the amount of a1CB6 peptides deposited The results are ... results obtained in arbitrary units), and activation of PMN by a1CB6 peptides was expressed as a ratio of the intensity of activation to the amount of a1CB6 peptides deposited The results are...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 06:20

... indicating that the side effect of the activation of GAR-3 is limited Furthermore, the phenotype of gar-3 loss -of- function mutants is almost wildtype with the exception of a faster pharyngeal pumping ... directly fused at the C-terminus of M2 A myc-epitope tag was added at the N-terminus of M2 To prevent rapid degradation, the central part of the third intracellular loop of M2 was deleted [26] Asn ... presence of 0.2 mM atropine; solid line, in the absence of atropine atropine (Fig 3A), suggesting that carbamylcholine induced the substitution for GTPcS in GOA-1 The IC50 value of the displacement of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... general, the action of neokyotorphin in L929 cells appears be similar to that of cAMP Results Effect of neokyotorphin in the absence of growth factors To test the ability of neokyotorphin to ... 7) The activity of lm neokyotorphin was inhibited over the whole concentration range of H-89, confirming the involvement of PKA in the effect of neokyotorphin As for participation of the other H-89-suppressed ... may be due to the pleiotropicity of the role of the sensitive forms of PKC in L929 cell proliferation [36] In the presence of bisindolylmaleimide XI, the effect of neokyotorphin did not change...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... cells via activation of NF-jB Attenuation of LXF-289 cell proliferation by ATP is mediated by the activation of the MEK ⁄ ERK1 ⁄ 2, PI3K and p38 MAPK pathways Activation and translocation of the ... Inhibition of proliferation of LXF-289 lung tumor cells Effects of P2 receptor agonists The influence of the different P2 receptor agonists is shown as percentage inhibition of the proliferation of LXF-289 ... proliferation of LXF-289 cells by regulation of cell cycle progression through activation of several signal transduction pathways The delay in cell cyle progression through activation of P2Y receptors...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20