electoral politics in times of crisis

... norms continue to be followed strictly with no substantive change even in times of emergency and crisis The law in times of war remains the same as in times of peace In fact, not only ordinary constitutional ... worst of times It’s a bad world out there (I): spatial distinctions Colonies and empire: the origins of DORA The curtailment of the right to silence in the United Kingdom Interrogation in depth in ... Working Paper No 36-612, 1974 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Of ce, 1974), p v introduction 13 examines human rights norms regulating the experience of emergencies in the context of the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... government In the annals of Rome no one came closer to the ideal working of the dictatorship than Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus According to tradition, Cincinnatus was made dictator in 458 BC in order ... initial declaration of a state of emergency may be in force and with respect to the possibility of further renewals of that declaration The principle of temporal duration, so intrinsically linked ... branch of the executive in times of emergency Most constitutional arrangements provide for such checks through the required involvement of parliament in the processes of declaring and terminating...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... think of this model as ‘‘Ordinary/Ordinary’’: Ordinary rules apply not only in times of peace but also in times of emergency Clinton L Rossiter, Constitutional Dictatorship: Crisis Government in ... while acting within the framework of the legal system, there seems to be little sense in maintaining that our government is, indeed, government of laws not of men In addition, experience informs ... are often introduced into the legal system by way of judicial interpretation of existing constitutional provisions and legal rules.221 In times of crisis we can expect expansive judicial interpretations...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... Marshall felt in deciding against Captain Little reflected similar sentiments: ‘‘I confess the first bias of my mind was very strong in favor of the opinion that though the instructions of the executive ... of State, p 13 Israeli Government Press Of ce, Commission of Inquiry into the Methods of Investigation of the General Security Service Regarding Hostile Terrorist Activity (1987), reprinted in ... ratification in the form of an Act of Indemnity may make judicial supervision over the exercise of emergency powers by government of cials more meaningful and robust As we noted in chapter 1, in times of...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... RUC interrogators had resorted to an ‘‘interrogation in depth’’ of some of the internees whose cases were reviewed ‘‘Interrogation in depth’’ consisted of the combination of some or all of five ... unmentioned.64 Interrogation in depth in Finchley? The early 1970s saw the emergence of persistent allegations of torture and inhuman and degrading conduct against persons undergoing interrogation ... clear distinctions are important from the legal perspective since different laws apply in the two periods: the laws of peace apply in times of peace; the laws of war apply in times of war between...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... article 9(a) of the Law and Administration Ordinance of 1948 was originally used mainly in the context of security issues and in a relatively restrained fashion.261 During the period spanning the ... (‘‘institutional memory’’), assumed an increasingly larger role in conducting the state’s policy both in times of peace and in times of war Indeed, the power of the Senate grew to such an extent ... deprivations of liberty or by deviating from fundamental principles of fair trial, including the presumption of innocence.42 The application of these views to state reporting and individual complaints...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... dismissive of individual rights Paris Minimum Standards Another relevant reference point for an understanding of policy thinking in the human rights field concerning emergencies is the Paris Minimum ... aspects of state action This should lead, in turn, to rethinking some of the foundational concepts that artificially separate certain strains of international law from each other In breaking down ... legal rules distinguishing between times of peace and of war The laws of peace apply in times of peace; the laws of war apply to belligerent states and regulate certain aspects of the relationship...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... in times of crisis the protection of certain rights vested in individuals and to expand the scope of executive control States have also maintained rigorously that few, if any, situations of internal ... Journal of International Law Oren Gross and Fionnuala N´ Aol in, ‘‘From Discretion to Scrutiny: Revisiting the ı a Application of the Margin of Appreciation Doctrine in the Context of Article 15 of ... being an independent hearing for the state and the party bringing the complaint Therefore, there is little room for the institutional memory of preceding cases invoking similar (or, indeed, even...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... outdated in terms of the lived experiences of violence on the ground We have suggested some rethinking that might be useful in terms of examining thresholds of violence sufficient to activate international ... retain the applicability of law to crisis and to acknowledge that the law applied in times of crisis may vary in substance and content, a quality dependent on the nature and intensity of the crisis ... conflicts The opening paragraph to the article states: ‘ In the case of armed conflict not of an international character occurring in the territory of one of the High Contracting Parties, each...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... Terrorists and Other Criminals: States of Emergency and the Criminal Legal System” in Eli Lederman (ed.), Directions in Criminal Law: Inquiries in the Theory of Criminal Law (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv ... Structure of International Legal Argument (Helsinki: Finnish Lawyers Publishing Co., 1989) ‘‘‘Intolerant Democracies’: A Reaction” (1996) 37 Harvard International Law Journal 231 ‘‘The Politics of International ... Commission of Experts 357 International Convention for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism 369 International Convention on the Taking of Hostages (Hostages Convention) 396 International...

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 21:21

... dominant approach in insolvencies, which enables influencing by way of blocking positions • Change in mentality All players in Germany must change their mindset in terms of corporate financing Investors ... that certainly paid off 3.2 Reaping the Profits of a (Self-Initiated) Industry Consolidation The decline in demand caused by hesitant buying patterns and the intensified pressure on pricing due ... capital influx, in particular also by way of a capital increase Approximately three fourths of those businesses that were able to implement a capital increase in a time of crisis attained sustained...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2014, 07:25

... Such thinking is antithetical to most businesses that have changed from stockpiling and keeping inventories, into a “just -in- time” mentality We are now being asking to consider shifting in the ... living in extended care congregate care settings This includes the elderly at each level of care (independent, assisted, dementia care, or nursing), in a Continuing Care Retirement Community, in ... to, and during, a disaster Area Lack of adequate understanding and training of the first responder community concerning the special needs of these populations Area Lack of understanding of the importance...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 20:20

... Researcher in Economics at Utrecht University He has published in several journals including the Journal of Banking and Finance, Research Policy, the Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, the ... the ethics of finance in general and responsible investment in particular; most notably his book The Ethics of Investing: Making Money or Making a Difference? (2008) His main academic interests ... tiny minority of shareholders: the ‘lunatic fringe’ minority voice problem Mainstreaming RI However, by the mid 2000s, winds of change were evident with regards to this niche character of RI In...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2014, 23:32

... during a recession if it is support good social activities Online marketing Since the inception of the internet, the online marketing is a vital element of the online population The new world of ... improved customer profiling and targeting, reduced costs, and increased share of customer and overall profitability 42 CHAPTER IV - MARKETING COMMUNICATION STRATEGY IN TIMES OF CHANGE 4.1 Brand ... strategy: for each of the product launch, they are targeting in attack a certain model of PHC and setting the price 30 to 40 percent lower 22 Maintenance service is one of a big problem of PHC The spare-part...

Ngày tải lên: 24/11/2014, 02:31

... of an ambiguous situation by getting colleagues and coworkers involved You may find you can bring clarity and definition by talking things through “Uncertainty will always be part of the taking ... for terms of use Where is the opportunity? Imagine your organization is moving to a team concept in dealing with clients Instead of individual specialists calling on a client, the individual ... manager reinforces these ever-present truths, the team finds itself being drawn back from the confusion of unpredictability and uncertainty Explaining what has not changed in a convincing, positive...

Ngày tải lên: 30/11/2015, 01:29

... of an ambiguous situation by getting colleagues and coworkers involved You may find you can bring clarity and definition by talking things through “Uncertainty will always be part of the taking ... for terms of use Where is the opportunity? Imagine your organization is moving to a team concept in dealing with clients Instead of individual specialists calling on a client, the individual ... manager reinforces these ever-present truths, the team finds itself being drawn back from the confusion of unpredictability and uncertainty Explaining what has not changed in a convincing, positive...

Ngày tải lên: 30/11/2015, 01:48

... Getting Focused Begin With the End in Mind Stephen Covey – Habit #2 With regards to Leading Change, what you want to learn in this seminar? If we talk about nothing else today…I ... Small Scale Planning Gantt Charts CPA (Critical Path Analysis) www.mindtools.com & www.12manage.com Leading Change…from any Position in Your Library Create tomorrow, don’t maintain yesterday Challenges ... was the most meaningful thing you learned in this program? • What specific idea will you apply as a result of this program? • How will your job be easier or better as a result of this program?...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2016, 00:10

... internationalization Pressure from rising labor costs Decline in margins due to increasing input cost Tendency to a decrease in gross margin Business opportunities were increasingly less Shorter product ... internationalization Pressure from rising labor costs Decline in margins due to increasing input cost Tendency to a decrease in gross margin Business opportunities were increasingly less Shorter product ... businesses out of a crisis, leadership is considered as one of the most important factors Financial and real estate bubbles breaking (starting in 2008) led to the collapse of a series of businesses...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2017, 22:25

... question of why a decline in the rate of profit leads to a crisis rather than a mere slowing down in the rate of accumulation The integration of his analysis of capitalist commodity circulation, of ... the integration of the remaining functions of money in the model.22 The incorporation of the function of money as means of payment, MMP, represents the most significant extension of the crisis ... collapse in commodity prices and a ‘fleeing’ to the money-form When financial intermediation is fully integrated in the model, the money crisis includes falling prices for financial assets, rising interest...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 03:20

... countries well in maintaining their international creditworthiness and, therefore, minimising the impact of the shock Recognition of this source of vulnerability by authorities in many emerging market ... behaviour of real credit growth in Latin America during the global crisis In doing so, we also aim at contribute to the construction of indicators that can be useful in assessing the degree of resilience ... affecting the supply of global credit were the main determinant of its slowdown during the crisis In studies of other regions, Bakker and Gulde (2010) find that external factors were the main determinants...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 08:20